The vocal cord polyp is easy to relapse after surgery, but if the patient has recurrence in a short term, it is necessary to consider it as postoperative vocal cord contact granuloma. If the patients with contact granuloma after surgical treatment had severe impact on the pronunciation, it is necessary to be operated and confirmed by pathology and given the treatment of acid suppression, in order to avoid postoperative recurrence.
Granuloma ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; Polyps ; surgery ; Vocal Cords ; surgery

Objective To study the changes of ERK1/2 phosphorylation status induced by unloading of soleus muscle after tail suspension in rats. Method Hindlimb unloading(HU) was produced by tail suspension, which simulated the effect of weightlessness on male Wistar rats. Western blot technique was introduced to detect the total and phospho-ERK1/2 status in isolated soleus muscle of 7 d, 14 d HU and repective control groups. Result Total ERK1/2 in soleus muscle was not affected by 7 d and 14 d HU. The ERK1 phosphorylation status were declined significantly after 7 d and 14 d HU.The ERK2 phosphorylation status were declined significantly after 7 d HU, but not for 14 d HU. Conclusion The unloading of soleus muscle after simulated microgravity can decrease the phosphorylation status of ERK1/2, which may contribute to the atrophy of soleus muscle induced by simulated weightlessness.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have great impact on the carcinogenesis and progression of gastric cancer (GC).Recent studies show that the over-expression of H19,HOTAIR,TINCR and LINC00152 and the down-expression of MEG3,GAS5,LET and AA174084 are closely related to the occurrence,invasion,metastasis and prognosis of GC.lncRNAs provide an opportunity to develop new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of GC.

Objective: To optimize and establish the best hydrolysis method of diethyl ester 4-amino-N5-formyl-N8,N10-dideazatetrahydrofolate through the optimization of simple compound of diethyl N-(4-aminobenzoyl)-L-glutamate.Methods: To increase the low yield of hydrolysis reaction of diethyl ester 4-amino-N5-formyl-N8,N10-dideazatetrahydrofolate due to the by-products and difficult purification, we studied the effect of NaOH and KOH, two kinds of alkalis, three concentrations between 0.175-1 mol/L and five types of reaction time involved in 20, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min on the common side chain diethyl N-(4-aminobenzoyl)-L-glutamate.A high performance liquid chromatography was established for measuring the target product and the by-products in reaction liquid in different reaction conditions.Finally, on the basis of the best hydrolysis method of diethyl ester 4-amino-N5-formyl-N8,N10-dideazatetrahydrofolate, we completed the optimization of the hydrolysis reaction conditions of diethyl ester 4-amino-N5-formyl-N8,N10-dideazatetrahydrofolate.Results: We developed the best reaction condition for the hydrolysis of diethyl ester 4-amino-N5-formyl-N8,N10-dideazatetrahydrofolate, which could be carried out easily and efficiently.The results indicated that treated with the optimized condition of 0.3 mol/L KOH in 60 min at the room temperature, diethyl ester 4-amino-N5-formyl-N8,N10-dideazatetrahydrofolate was converted into its diacid derivative in 95.6 % yield, which turned to be a better reaction condition compared with the previous reaction condition.The structures of those compounds were identified to be correct by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance(1H NMR), 13C nuclear magnetic resonance(13C NMR) and electrospray ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (ESI-MS).The purity of the diacid derivative of the compound was determined to be 96% by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The new hydrolysis reaction condition could not only avoid the formation of single ester hydrolysis product and amide bond hydrolysis product, but also improve the yield of the hydrolysis reaction.Conclusion: We have developed an efficient reaction for the hydrolysis of diethyl ester 4-amino-N5-formyl-N8,N10-dideazatetrahydro.Since the final step of the synthesis of classical folic acid antagonists is always the catalyzed hydrolysis of the side chain glutamate, the reaction also has great significance for anti-folic acid anti-tumor inhibitors synthesis.

OBJECTIVE:To observe therapeutic efficacy and safety of lansoprazole triple therapy in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) associated gastric ulcer.METHODS:A total of 80 patients with Hp associated gastric ulcer were randomly divided into control group (40 cases) and combination group (40 cases).Control group was given Lansoprazole capsules 30 mg once in the morning or before bedtime,for 6 weeks.Combination group was given Lansoprazole capsules (same usage and dosage as control group)+Clarithromycin tablets 0.5 g,twice a day+Amoxicillin dispersible tablets 1 g,twice a day,for consecutive 1 week,and then given Lansoprazole capsules 30 mg once in the morning or before bedtime,for 5 weeks.Patients with amoxicillin allergy were switched to Metronidazole tablets 0.4 g,twice a day.Hp eradication rate of 2 groups were observed;recrudescence rate of Hp negative patients and the recurrence of effective patients were observed after 6,12 months of treatment.The leve1s of Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ,IL-2,IL-12) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4,IL-6,IL-10) were observed before and after treatment,and the occurrence of ADR was recorded.RESULTS:There was no statistical significance in total response rate of ulcer healing,Hp eradication rate or the incidence of ADR between 2 groups (P＞0.05).After 6 months of treatment,there was no statistical significance in recurrence rate between 2 groups (P＞0.05).The recurrence rate of combination group after 12 months of treatment and recrudescence rate of combination group after 6,12 months of treatment were significantly lower than those of control group,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in Th1 type cytokines and Th2 cytokines between 2 groups (P＞0.05).After 1 week and 6,12 months of treatment,the levels of INF-γ,IL-2,IL-12 and IL-6 in 2 groups were significantly lower than before;the levels of INF-γ,IL-2 and IL-12 in combination group were significantly lower than control group after 12 months of treatment.After 1 week and 6,12 months of treatment,the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in 2 groups were significantly higher than before;those indexes of combination group were significantly higher than those of control group after 12 months of treatment,with statistical significance (P＜0.05);but there was no statistical significance in the level of IL-6 between 2 groups (P＞0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Lansoprazole triple therapy shows significant therapeutic efficacy for Hp associated gastric ulcer,improve cytokines level and reduces recurrence rate and recrudescence rate without increasing the incidence of ADR.

Objective To study the relationship between self-esteem and childhood abuse, life events among male violent adolescent. Methods According to the modified overt aggression scale, juvenile delinquents were divided into violent group (n = 128 )and nonviolent group (n = 118 ). All the participants were investigated by Self-Esteem Scale (SES), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-28 Item Short Form (CTQ-SF) and Adolescent SelfRating Life Events (ASLEC) and conducted correlation and regression analysis. Results ①Violent group had lower self-esteem scores ( 22.73 ± 3.30 ) than the nonviolent group ( 23.81 ± 3.30, P ＜ 0.05 ). Violent group had higher scores in physical abuse, sexual abuse, total life events, interpersonal relationship, punishment, and other (8.30 ±4.07, 7.23 ±2.26, 54.48 ±18.60, 10.09 ±3.84, 14.43 ±5.87, 4.93 ±3.15, 9.93 ±3.64), compared to the nonviolent group (7.27 ± 3.27, 6.60 ± 2.09, 45.40 ± 18.45, 8.42 ± 4.13, 11.07 ± 5.75, 3.66 ±2.81, 7.84 ±3.66, P＜0. 05). ②The self-esteem was significantly negative correlated with the childhood abuse and life events( r= -0. 143 ～ -0. 358, P＜ 0.01 ) among violent male adolescents. ③The physical abuse and punishment had significant prediction function of 15.6% on self-esteem. Conclusions Violent adolescents have low self-esteem, which is closely related to childhood abuse and adolescent life events.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of carbohydrate loading for preoperative preparation in the patients undergoing cesarean section under epidural anesthesia.Methods Forty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ patients,aged 20-35 yr,with body mass index of 19-30 kg/m2,scheduled for elective cesarean section,were divided into 2 groups (n =20 each) by envelope method:carbohydrate group (group CA) and placebo group (group C).Carbohydrate drinks 300 ml containing carbohydrate 14.1 g/100 ml was taken orally at 2 h before surgery in group CA,and the equal volume of distilled waster was taken orally instead in group C.Patients underwent routine preoperative fasting on the night before surgery,continuous epidural anesthesia was used,and lactated Ringer's solution 1500 ml was given to maintain the volume during surgery.Anteroposterior diameter and left-right diameter of gastric antrum and area of gastric antrum in this section were measured at fasting,immediately after oral intake and at 2 h after oral intake in group CA.Venous blood samples were collected after delivery of the baby for determination of serum malondialdehyde concentrations by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Thirst,hunger and anxiety scores were recorded after entering the operating room.The development of nausea and vomiting was also recorded in 0-12 h and 12-24 h periods postoperatively.Results Compared with group C,the hunger scores and concentration of serum malondialdehyde were significantly decreased (P＜0.05 or 0.01),and no significant change was found in thirst and anxiety scores or incidence of nausea and vomiting in group CA (P＞0.05).No significant changes were observed in anteroposterior diameter,left-right diameter and area of gastric antrum at 2 h after the oral intake when compared with that at fasting (P＞0.05).Conclusion Carbohydrate loading at 2 h before surgery can improve the efficacy of preoperative preparation without increasing the risk of reflux or aspiration in the patients undergoing cesarean section under epidural anesthesia.

Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) is a spatio-temporal renewable network model. As an analytical method of causality of functional integration in fMRI, DCM is applied to study the effective connectivity. The neuro-imaging time series of activated regions were put into DCM, and the trial-bound inputs were used as perturbations to the designed model. DCM was used in combination with Bayesian estimation to evaluate the intrinsic connectivity among selected neurons. Bayes factors were used to compute different neuro-physiological models with intrinsic connectivity structures, and then were used to select the optimal model. The selected regions in this mental calculation task are the left superior parietal lobule (SPL), the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Finally, the connected network in conformity to physiological significance was obtained.
Algorithms ; Bayes Theorem ; Brain ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Mathematical Computing ; Models, Neurological ; Nerve Net ; Neural Pathways ; physiology ; Young Adult

Many functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have revealed the deactivation phenomenon of default mode network in the patients with epilepsy; however, nearly not any of the reports has focused on the dorsal attention network of epilepsy. In this paper, independent component analysis (ICA) was used to isolate the dorsal attention network of 16 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and of 20 healthy normals; and a goodness-of-fit analysis was applied at the individual subject level to choose the interesting component. Intra-group analysis and inter-group analysis were performed. The results indicated that the dorsal attention network included bilateral intraparietal sulcus, middle frontal gyrus, human frontal eye field, posterior lobe of right cerebellum, etc. The TLE group showed decreased functional connectivity in most of the dorsal attention regions with the predominance in the bilateral intraparietal sulcus, middle frontal gyrus, and posterior lobe of right cerebellum. These data suggested that the intrinsic organization of the brain function might be disrupted in TLE. In addition, the decrease of goodness-of-fit scores suggests that activity in the dorsal attention network may ultimately prove a sensitive biomarker for TLE.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Attention ; physiology ; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Brain Mapping ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ; pathology ; physiopathology ; psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Nerve Net ; physiopathology ; Principal Component Analysis ; methods ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the effect of exosomes from different sources on the growth, metastasis and immune microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) in a mouse model of orthotopic transplanted hepatoma so as to provide new insight into the clinical immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods The serum-derived exosomes were obtained by ultracentrifugation from Hepa1-6 cells and 3-week orthotopically tumor-bearing HCC mice. The morphology and size of exosomes were identified by transmission electron microscopy. One-week tumor-bearing HCC C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups ( 3 mice for each group ) , and respectively treated with tail vein injection of 120 μl PBS(control group), 120 μl Hepa1-6 cell-derived exosomes (1μg/μl, TEXcel group), and serum-derived exosomes (1μg/μl) (TEXserum group). The treatments were conduced once a week for 3 consecutive weeks. The mice were sacrificed on the 4th day after the treatments, and the liver tissue and lung tissues were dissected. The volumes of the liver cancer tissues were measured. The expression of PD-L1 protein and CD3+and FoxP3+T lymphocytes infiltration in the liver cancer tissues were respectively detected by Western Blot and immunohistochemical staining. The lung metastasis of the liver cancer was detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results The diameters of the Hepa1-6 cell- and serum-derived exosomes both were about 100 nm, and were uniform vesicles with complete membrane structure. Compared with the control group, Hepa1-6 cell-derived exosomes had a certain inhibitory effect on the growth and lung metastasis of HCC, while there was no significant difference for the TEXserum group. Western Blot results showed that compared with the control group, PD-L1 protein expression was significantly up-regulated in both TEXcel group and TEXserum group. Immunohistochemical staining showed that compared with the control group, the infiltration number of Foxp3+-labeled regulatory T cells (Treg) had no significant changes in TEXcel group and the TEXserum group, and the differences were no statistically significant (all P>0.05). However, the infiltration number of CD3+-labeled T lymphocytes was significantly reduced in the two groups, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion The Hepa1-6 cell-derived exosomes have a certain inhibitory effect on the growth and lung metastasis of HCC, and have no obvious regulation effects on the immune microenvironment of HCC. The serum-derived exosomes from orthotopically tumor-bearing HCC mice can promote the growth and lung metastasis of HCC and immunosuppress the microenvironment. The Hepa1-6 cell-derived exosomes are expected to be used for immunotherapy studies of liver cancer.