Assistive technology has been one of key words in the field of special education. It will also be new trend of special educational development. In the article, the authors firstly introduced the definition of assistive technology device and assistive technology service and discussed the relationship between assistive technology and educational technology, and special educational changes in technology and idea because of the use of assistive technology, at last, some suggestions to enhance the use of assistive technology were put forward.

BACKGROUND: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a gold standard to treat degenerative cervical syndrome. However, with the increasing application and follow-up data of ACDF, its adverse effects have been shown. In the past 20 years,artificial cervical disc replacement has been widely used in clinic, and the therapeutic effect is favorable.OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of cervical disc replacement versus ACDF for cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy.METHODS: A computer-based online search of Medline (1966/2009-06), Embase (1966/2009-06), CBM (2009-06) and CNKI(2009-06), as well as Cochrane Back Group, and Cochrane library were performed to collect randomized controlled trials of cervical disc replacement versus ACDF. Data were evaluated by RevMan4.2.2 for Meta analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 15 studies were included. Meta-analysis indicates that no differences were found in the mean operation time, mean blood loss, mean hospital stay, satisfaction rate, and complication between two groups; the reoperation rate of the disc replacement group was lower than ACDF group in two years postoperation; disc replacement group was more efficient in improving cervical function indexes than ACDF group, and the postoperative SF-36 scores were significantly more than ACDF group. Moreover, postoperative motion range of affected segment was significantly greater in the disc replacement group than the ACDF, and the motion rage of adjacent segment was significantly increased in patients underwent ACDF compared with disc replacement treatment. However, there may be bias, more randomized controlled trials are required.

A questionnaire survey on the awareness and knowledge about stroke was conducted in 392 residents of Fangzhuang community.The results showed residents in Fangzhuang had high awareness rate about stroke,the rates of knowing early symptoms of stroke were from 57.91％ to 79.08％.83.16％ (326) of residents knew to dial 120 or 999 at emergency.The community doctors were thought as the main resource of gaining the knowledge of stroke (78.32％ ).The results indicate that Fangzhuang community health service center plays an important role in health education and guidance for emergent management of stroke in the community.

Metallic cancellous screw is one of the fixation devices widely used for bone fractures. It has always been reported that many cases of internal fixation failed just because of screw loosening or pullout. The stability of fixation is associated with the pullout strength of screws. The pullout strength strongly depends on the geometrical design of the screw thread, the material and the insertion technique of the screw, and the bone mineral density of the insertion site of the screw.

Objective To observe the changes in acid-base balance and the contents of electrolytes in patients during liver transplantation to explore the relationship between such changes and ASA grading, and to look for an optimal anesthetic intervention. Methods Arterial pH, PaO_2, PaCO_2, HCO~-_3, BE, K~+, Ca~ 2+ , Na~+, and glucose were monitored in 89 patients undergoing liver transplantation at four specific periods: before anesthesia (T_0), after skin incision (T1), 10 minutes before reperfusion (T_2), and 10 minutes after reperfusion (T_3). Changes in blood acid-base and electrolyte parameters of the patients with different ASA status were compared. Result The pH and BE in ASA V patients was significantly lower at T_0, T_1, T_2 and T_3, and HCO~-_3 was lower in ASA V at T_3. The PaCO_2 in ASA V patients was significantly higher at T_0, T_1 and T_2. The Na~+ content in ASA V patients was significant higher at T_2 and T_3. At T_0 and T_1, the glucose level in ASA Ⅳ and Ⅴ were significant higher than in ASAⅢ. Significant differences in pH, PaCO_2, HCO~-_3, BE and glucose level were observed at different stages of the surgical procedure. The pH, BE and HCO~-_3 were significantly lowered at T_2 and T_3. Mean glucose and HR levels were gradually increased from T_1 to T_3. Conclusion Patients with advanced ASA grades are more prone to acid-base and electrolyte disturbances during reperfusion of the liver transplant. High ASA grades contitute an increased risk for cardiovascular collapse after reperfusion, calling for proper treatment.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and is mainly manifested as pulmonary tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is characterized by high pathogenicity and drug resistance due to its high viability and lethality, and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis caused by it has become a global public health problem. Early and effective treatment is essential to prevent the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Commonly employed methods for the screening and diagnosis of TB include: clinical signs, imaging examinations (chest X-ray, computed tomography), sputum culture (L-J medium, BACTEC liquid culture system), and immunological tests (lipoarabinomannan antigen test, tuberculin skin test, interferon-gamma release test). In recent years, emerging molecular diagnostic methods such as GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), linear probe assay, and whole-genome sequencing have been used to diagnose and characterize TB. These methods not only identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis but also detect mutation sites associated with resistance to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, etc.), providing new possibilities for the diagnosis of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of some commonly used detection methods for tuberculosis are first reviewed, aiming at assisting clinicians to diagnose and treat the disease in a timely manner. Secondly, this paper explores the prospects of the latest high-throughput detection methods for drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Histaminergic neurons solely originate from the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) in the posterior hypothalamus and send widespread projections to the whole brain. Experiments in rats show that histamine release in the central nervous system is positively correlated with wakefulness and the histamine released is 4 times higher during wake episodes than during sleep episodes. Endogeneous prostaglandin E2 and orexin activate histaminergic neurons in the TMN to release histamine and promote wakefulness. Conversely, prostaglandin D2 and adenosine inhibit histamine release by increasing GABA release in the TMN to induce sleep. This paper reviews the effects and mechanisms of action of the histaminergic system on sleep-wake regulation, and briefly discusses the possibility of developing novel sedative-hypnotics and wakefulness-promoting drugs related to the histaminergic system.

A method was developed for purification of 20S proteasome (20S core particle, CP) by combining differential centrifugations with nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (native-PAGE), irrespective of species origins of CPs. CP purified from human erythrocytes was subjected to proteomic analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), revealing 33 spots of subunit isoforms with different molecular weights and isoelectric points, more than 14 constituent subunits. Furthermore, other four CPs were purified from yeast, mouse liver, two pancreatic cancer cell lines SW1990 and PANC-1 using this method mentioned above, and subjected to proteasome heterogeneity analysis by native/SDS-PAGE (native/sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), together with CP from erythrocytes. The method described acts as a rapid and effective tool for CP isolations, and the results obtained may be served as a footstone for the investigations of species-dependent proteasome heterogeneity.

Objective To investigate the impacts of adenovirus on the transfection efficiency and proliferative activity of primary Kupffer cells (KCs). Methods Rat liver KCs were separated and purified by density gradient centrifugation , and was then transfected with adenovirus carrying green fluorescence protein (GFP) gene at different multiplicity of infection (MOI). After 24 h, the transfection efficiency was evaluated by fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry. The proliferative activity of KCs was assessed by colorimetric method. Results The positive percentages of GFP staining cells were statistically different among different doses of adenovirus (MOI 0, 100, 300, 500, 700 and 900) under fluorescence microscopy or by flow cytometry (P <0.05 for all comparisons). The cell proliferative activity had significant differences among MOI 300, 500, 700 and 900(P < 0.05 for all comparisons), but had no differences among MOI 0, 100 and 300 (P > 0.05 for all comparisons) by CCK8 assay. Conclusions KCs can effectively be transfected by GFP adenovirus; and with an increase in virus MOI, the transfection efficiency rises gradually. A higher dose of adenovirus may have a negative effect on cell proliferative.

Objective:To investigate the changes of gene expression profile in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated primary Kupffer cells ( KCs ) . Methods: Rat KCs were isolated and purified by means of in situ perfusion and density gradient centrifugation. After being identified by ink phagocytosis and ED2 staining test,KCs were stimulated with LPS. Gene expression profile were studied using gene microarrays,and the most significant upregulated gene was verified using real-time PCR. Results:27 genes were upregulated including Ces1f, Slc17a3, Slc21a4, Hsd17b2, Sorbs2, Ccdc116, Mgam, Myo5b, Etl4, Fabp1, Kif4b, Fosl1, Cyp4a1, Penk, Tmem221,Rpl5,Nr2f1,Hoxb1,Gpr165,Fam90a13p,Kpna6,Irak1bp1,Kcnh1 and 4 unnamed genes and 4 downregulated including Oc90,Tagln,Arxes2 and Olr830 in LPS-stimulated KCs. Among the upregulated genes, Ces1f was the most significant upregulatory gene. Real-time PCR confirmed that the levels of Ces1f were 23. 88 times higher in LPS-stimulated than control cells. Conclusion:There is a significant difference between LPS-stimulated and normal control cells in gene expression profile by microarray analysis,and Ces1f is the most significantly upregulated gene.