PurposeTo evaluate the shear wave elastography in diagnosis of intraductal papillomas, benign or malignant breast lesions.Materials and Methods From December 2013 to December 2014, 145 female patients with 155 lesions who underwent ultrasonography and shear wave elastography in general hospital of PLA were retrospectively studied. All the lesions were confirmed by pathology via surgery or biopsy. The performance of the maximum elasticity, the mean elasticity, the minimum elasticity values and the elasticity ratio in diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors were analyzed. The portion of intraductal papillomas in misdiagnosed cases was calculated. The elasticity values of intraductal papillomas were compared with those of other breast benign and malignant lesions.ResultsAmong 155 lesions, pathology confirmed intraductal papillomas in 20 lesions, fibroadenosis in 23 lesions, fibroadenoma in 23 lesions, inflammation in 9 lesions, adenosis with fibroadenoma in 17 lesions, and breast cancer in 63 lesions. The maximum, mean, minimum elasticity values and the elasticity ratio of intraductal papillomas were (84.39±74.08) kPa, (51.33±46.36) kPa, (26.55±24.98) kPa and 2.80±2.18, respectively. The elasticity values of intraductal papillomas were between those of breast cancer and other benign lesions, and there were no statistically significant (P=0.003).ConclusionThe elasticity values of intraductal papillomas were between those of breast cancer and other benign lesions, which may be a potential reason to cause misdiagnosis using shear wave elastography to differentiate breast benign and malignant diseases.

Objective]The article summarizes the essentials of hyperprolactinemia infertility experience by Professor Wang Zhe. [Methods]From following Professor Wang Zhe clincial studies,summarize experience and thoughts of treating hyperprolactinemia infertility with a case. [Results]Professor Wang Zhe thinks the main reason for the occurrence of hyperprolactinemia infertility ,which is related to the dysfunction of the liver,spleen and kidney.The spleen rules transformation and transportation that like dryness and dislike dampness.The liver stores the blood and rules flowing and spreading, that is sensitive to boundaries and maintains the smoothness and harmony of movement throughout the body.The kidneys store the essence and rule birth and hiding, which is foundation of innate existence. Its main types are liver depression and deficiency of the kidney block and phlegm-dampness stagnation.Therapeutically,using Fu Qingzhu medicine for women in the study of Yangjingzhongyu Decoction and the Ye Tianshi treatment recipe for women refers to Cangfudaotan Decoction in the treatment,to achieve nourishing the liver and kidney, invigorating spleen for eliminating dampness.[Conclusion]Professor Wang has exquisite medical skills, rigorous academic attitude, and richly professional knowledge and clinical experience.She has unique insights and experience in treating hyperprolactinemia infertility.Professor Wang Zhe's experience hopes to expand ideas of the clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)infection is highly prevalent in general population,serum EBV antibody can be detected in about 90% of the adults.Forty years of researches have demonstrated that EBV infection is closely related to a variety of hematological diseases,such as infectious mononucleosis, EBV-related lymphoproliferative disorders,lymphoma and hemophagocytic syndrome.This paper reviews EBV-associated hematological diseases and its pathogenic mechanism.

BACKGROUND: The small change of the membrane potential (Em) of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) could result in significant alteration in tension, and the membrane depolarization was closely associated with the development of hypertension.OBJECTIVE: To study the resting Em of VSMC from the middle cerebral artery (MCA) of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and the reactivity of Em to KCl and norepinephrine (NE).DESIGN: An animal experiment of comparative analysis.SETTING: Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences.MATERIALS: Eighteen male SHRSP and 26 male Wistar rats were used.METHODS: ① Rats in both groups were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of ethyl carbamate (1 g/kg), the brains were removed quickly, and the Em of VSMC was recorded by intracellular microelectrodes. ② The effects of different concentrations of KC1 (10, 20, 50 mmol/L) and NE (10-7,10-6, 10-5 mol/L) on the Em of VSMC were observed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Em of VSMC in both groups; ②Effects of different concentrations of KC1 and NE on the Em of VSMC.RESULTS: ① The Em was obviously lower in SHRSP than in the Wistar rats [(-48.2±3.1), (-64.4±4.3) mV]. ② Both KC1 (10, 20, 50 mmol/L)and NE (10-7, 10-6, 10-5 mol/L) could cause the depolarization of Em of MCA in a concentration-dependent manner. The reactivity to MCA of SHRSP was obviously increased as compared with the Wistar rats.CONCLUSION: The resting Em of VSMC from the MCA of SHRSP was lower, and the reactivity of VSMC to KCl and NE was significantly stronger than that of Wistar rats.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)was easily developed into hepatitis,cirrhosis and liver cancer after infecting human.Cur-rently,the traditional method of treatment of HCV was pegylated interferon and ribavirin program,which was ineffective and had poor side effects,while the new direct antiviral drugs were expensive.Therefore,looking for cheap and non-toxic side effects of treatment was the focus of current research.More and more evidence indicate that micro-Ribose Nucleic Acid (miRNAs)play an important role in the development of liver disease,regeneration and functional regulation.This review studies the relationship between miR-122 and Hepatitis C virus and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the preventive effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D_3 〔1,25-(OH)_2D_3〕 on type 1 diabetes in cyclophosphamide-treated NOD mice. Methods Twenty female NOD mice were administered 280 mg/kg cyclophosphamide by a single intraperitoneal injection at the beginning of the experiment and then divided into two equal groups. Group 1 received intraperitoneal injection of 5 ?g/kg 1,25-(OH)_2D_3 every other day; Group 2 received the intraperitoneal injection of peanut oil in the same volume as control. When the experiment was finished on the 30th day, the incidence of diabetes and the degree of insulitis were observed. The expressions of bcl-2 and bax in islets were detected with immunohistochemical technique. The apoptosis rate of spleen T lymphocyte was also measured by flow cytometry quantitative analysis. Results Intraperitoneal injections of 1,25-(OH)_2D_3 to NOD mice reduced the incidence of diabetes (10% vs 70%, P

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of LARS artificial ligament on reconstruction of anterior and posterior cruciate ligament of keen joint.METHODS: Articles addressing reconstruction of anterior and posterior cruciate ligament by LARS artificial ligament were retrieved from VIP database (http://www.cqvip.com/) with the key words of "LARS artificial ligament, cruciate ligament,reconstruction" in Chinese between January 2000 and February 2010.Inclusion criteria: advantages and disadvantages of reconstructing anterior and posterior cruciate ligament by LARS artificial ligament; clinical application of reconstructing anterior and posterior cruciate ligament by LARS artificial ligament.Exclusion criteria: Duplicated studies or old references were excluded.A total of 31 articles were included in the final analysis.RESULTS: Reconstruction of anterior and posterior cruciate ligament by LARS artificial ligament characterized by convenient operation, short operative time, mild trauma, engaging in movement early, great strength, simple implantation, and reliable fixation; however, most patients were not able to bear the high medical cost, thus clinical application was limited.Scholars thought that LARS artificial ligament had great effects on reconstruction of anterior and posterior cruciate ligament.CONCLUSION: Patients who had multi-ligament injury, overhauling of ligament, and early movement were treated with LARS artificial ligament.

Objective To observe the influence of Gastrodia data capsule on cerebral blood flow in the treatment of patients with hypertension.Methods A total of 69 patients with hypertension were divided into the treatment group(36 cases) and the control group(33 cases).The treatment group received treatment of Gastrodia clara capsule combined with antihypertensive drug,the control group received treatment of antihypertensive drug only.Two groups received TCD test before and 20 days after treatment,and the changes of blood flow of intracranial vessels before and after treatment were assessed.Results The total effective rate in treatment group was 97.2％,12 cases cured,15 cases of tangible effectiveness,8 cases of effectiveness,1 case of invalidity.The total effective rate in control group was 75.8％,7 cases cured,12 cases of tangible effectiveness,6 cases of effectiveness,8 case of invalidity,The difference of clinical efficacy between the two groups was statistically significant ( Z =2.240,P ＜ 0.05 ).The mean velocity of MCA,ACA,PCA,BA,VA of control group 20 days after treatment was not statistically different compared to those before treatment.The mean velocity of MCA,ACA,PCA,BA,VA of treatment group 20 days after treatment was lower than those before treatment(t =-2.65,-2.44,-3.92,-3.31,-4.68,all P＜0.05).Conclusion The treatment of Gastrodia elata capsule conbined with antihypertensive drug can significantly improve curative effect of patients with hypertension and improve the condition of cerebral blood flow.

Objective: To examine the emotional states of asthmatic children with different degrees of severity, as well as the effects of emotion on change of cytokines in airway. Methods: Asthmatic children were divided into two groups according to the degrees of severity: moderate and mild. Their emotional states were measured and results were compared. Correlation analysis was conducted between scores on emotional scales and sputum levels of IL-8.Results: Total scores on anxiety and depression were higher in the moderate group than in the mild group. Negative correlation was found between levels of anxiety and IL-8 during acute exacerbation of asthmatic condition. Conclusion: Emotional distress was found to be increased with severity of asthmatic condition in children. Anxiety contributed to the decreased concentration of IL-8 in asthmatic children's airway.