Objective To evaluate the influence of Motivational Interview on function restore and life quality after artificial unilateral total hip replacement surgery. Methods A convenient sampling method was used for collecting 103 patients underwent artificial unilateral total hip replacement surgery for the study. Lottery method was used to divide these patients in to treatment group 53 cases and control group 50 cases. Intervention of both joint exercise and motivational interview was used for the treatment group, and routine health education was used for the control group in a large general hospital in Hangzhou. Results 1 month later, patients′joint function assessed with Harris score of the intervention group and control group were 62.40 ± 8.95 and 54.06 ± 9.61; 3 months later, intervention group was 82.25 ± 7.09 while control group was 74.60 ± 9.97, the difference was statistically significant (t=-4.559 and-4.451, P=0.000). Patients′life quality after 1 month was 485.54 ± 86.85 in intervention group and 400.69 ± 72.36 in control group;3 months later, the scores were 601.54 ± 73.49 and 543.08 ± 81.77, the difference was statistically significant (t=-5.370 and-3.821, P=0.000). Conclusions Motivational Interview was capable of improving joint function restore and quality of life through changing patients′ motivation, helping patients establishing and adhering to joint exercise.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of Probiotics in the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC).METHODS:The recent pertinent literature about the use of Probiotics in the treatment of UC was retrieved from PubMed and Medline and the methodology and literature quality were evaluated in accordance with the evaluation criteria for the quality of literature of evidence-based medicine.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:The majority of the studies showed that Probiotics are of positive value for the remission of the US at acute stage and maintaining of remission induction of drugs in the treatment of UC.Strictly designed and randomized controlled trials(RCTs)remain to be done to tackle the problems encountered by the micro-ecological preparations as a new therapy in the treatment of UC.

Objective To investigate the effects of inhibition of MDC1 protein expression on xenografted tumors in nude mice,and to observe the histopathological and cellular changes in nude mice.Methods Three pairs of effective and control short hairpin RNA targeting MDC1 mRNA were designed and cloned into the pSIH1-H1-copGFP vector.Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression of MDC1.After selection by copGFP reporter gene,cells were divided into negative transfection group (ECA109-N) and MDC1 transfection group (ECA109-M).The transfected cells were injected into nude mice.The mice were divided into ECA109 group,ECA109-N group,and ECA109-M group.Each group was divided into irradiation subgroup and non-irradiation subgroup.The changes in tumor size after irradiation were evaluated in each group.Western blot was used to measure the expression of CHK1,CHK2,and CHK2T68 in xenografted tumors.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of tumor cells in nude mice.The variance analysis was used to compare the mean of multiple groups,and the SNK-q test was used in the two two groups.Results The pMDC1-shRNA plasmid was successfully constructed and used to transfect ECA109 cells.ECA109-M cells were obtained by stable transfection with the recombinant plasmid.All inoculated nude mice survived with visible xenografted tumors at the underside of the paw in about one week.There was no swelling and wound in inoculation sites.There was no significant difference in tumor size between different groups (P＞0.05).The tumor growth in the ECA109 group and the ECA109-N group significantly slowed down after irradiation with a dose of 15 Gy (P＜0.05).Compared with the other two groups,the ECA109-M group had a significant smaller tumor size,significantly slower relative tumor growth,and significantly higher growth inhibition (all P＜0.05).The q value of the ECA109-M group was 1.36.In the ECA109-M group,there were no significant changes in the protein expression of CHK1 and CHK2 after irradiation (P＞ 0.05);however,the phosphorylation of CHK2T68 protein was significantly reduced after irradiation (P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in cell cycle distribution or the proportion of apoptotic cells in tumor tissue between the three groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions Inhibition of MDC1 protein expression by RNA interference can effectively inhibit the growth of xenografted tumors after irradiation in the nude mice by increasing their radiosensitivity.

Objective To apply RNA interference technique for reducing the expression of MDC1 gene in esophageal carcinoma cell line ECA109, observe the changes in cell cycle and radiosensitivity after radiation, and discuss related mechanisms. Methods Three pairs of effective interference sequences and negative control sequences were synthesized for MDC1 mRNA sequence, and a recombinant plasmid was constructed with the vector pSIH1?H1?copGFP. RT?PCR and Western blot were used to determine the expression levels of MDC1 mRNA and protein. Colony?forming assay was applied to measure radiosensitivity, flow cytometry to determine cell cycle, Western blot to determine the expression of CHK1 and CHK2 proteins, and laser scanning confocal microscope to observe the number of MDC1 blotches inside the nucleus. One?way analysis of variance was used to analyze the differences between groups. Results The pSIH1?H1?copGFP plasmid was constructed successfully and ECA109 cells were infected to obtain ECA109M cells with stable transfection. The expression levels of MDC1 mRNA and protein in ECA109M cells were lower than those in ECA109N and ECA109 cells ( P= 0. 032 and 0. 041, respectively ) . After 5?Gy radiation, ECA109M cells had a lower proportion of G2+M cells than ECA109N and ECA109 cells ( P=0. 026) . After 5?Gy radiation, ECA109, ECA109N, and ECA109M cells had similar expression levels of CHK1 and CHK2 proteins ( P= 0. 345 and 0. 451, respectively ) , and ECA109M cells had a lower expression level of CHK2 T68 protein than ECA109 and ECA109N cells ( P=0. 012) . ECA109 cells had a D0 value of 3. 06 Gy and an SF2 value of 0. 91;the D0 values for ECA109N and ECA109M cells were 2. 90 Gy and 1. 88 Gy, respectively, and the SF2 values for them were 0. 89 and 0. 84, respectively ( P=0. 021 and 0. 037, respectively ) . Conclusions RNA interference can reduce the expression levels of MDC1 protein and cell cycle?related proteins, release cell cycle arrest, and enhance radiosensitivity in esophageal carcinoma ECA109 cells.

Objective To evaluate the prognostic significance of 3 clinical stage system in 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods From January 2004 to August 2007, 179 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were treated with 3DCRT.Before radiation, each patient was staged with UICC 2003 TNM stage, stage of Chinese esophageal cancer cooperation group (cooperation group' stage), and Zhu's clinical stage respectively. Concordance of each clinical stage and prognosis was analyzed with SPSS 11.5. Results In 179 cases of esophageal cancer,Concordance was better in T stage ( Kappa = 0. 271 ) than in TNM stage ( Kappa = 0. 167 ) between cooperation group' stage and Zhu's stage. Among them, 98 cases was staged with UICC stage, concordance of T stage was better between UICC-T and cooperation group' T stage (Kappa =0. 261 ) than between UICCT and Zhu's T stage (Kappa = 0. 045 ) ;concordance of TNM stage was better between UICC-TNM and Zhu's TNM stage ( Kappa = 0. 597 ) than between UICC-TNM and cooperation group' TNM stage ( Kappa =0. 299 ). With multivariate analysis, T ( χ2 value is 11.58, 26. 00 and 51.05, all P ＜ 0. 01 ), N ( χ2 value is 15.28, 16. 10 and 16. 10,all P＜0. 01), M (χ2 value is 5.59, 27.78 and 27.78,all P＜0. 01), and TNM (χ2 value is 15.77, 34,35 and 51. 10,all P＜0. 01 ) stage in 3 kinds of clinical stage were independent prognostic factors. In UICC stage, T1-T3 was difficult to definite and the prognosis was not significantly different in T1 -T3 stage. Conclusions In this study, 3 kinds of clinical stage could evaluate prognosis of esophageal cancer after radiotherapy;cooperation group' stage and Zhu's stage need further application, with further accuracy needed.

Distribution and morphologic features of AChE-containing neurons were observed by the technique of AChE regeneration. There are three kinds: AChE-staining cells--heavily stained cells, medium stained cells and lightly stained cells. Most heavily stained cells are larger multipolar cells. They are located mainly in striatum, basal forebrain, hypothalamus, substantia nigra, locus coeruleus, red nucleus, ventral tegmental nucleus, parabrachial nucleus, pontine tegmental nucleus and the motor nuclei of cranial nerves. The results of AChE-staining were compared with the date of ChAT immunohistochemistry. The relationship between AChE and cholinergic neurons as well as the nature of AChE-containing neurons were discussed.

Objective To explore the prediction value of the modified clinical staging standard of GTV volume on non-surgical treatment esophageal carcinoma by analyzing the GTV volume of esophageal carcinoma and the invasion degree of structures and surrounding organs as the T stage standard.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 701 esophageal cancer patients treated by definitive radiotherapy from Jan.2006 to Dec.2012.After grouping and analysis by the previous GTV volume staging standards, we put forward the idea that considering effects of invasion degree of structures and surrounding organs of tumor on the basis of GTV volume when it came to T stage, which would be re-classified by downgrading and reevaluation of survival and prognosis.Results There was no significant survival differences between T3 and T4 on previous GTV volume staging standards (P ＞ 0.05), and also had shown an inconspicuous survival difference between stage Ⅲ and stage Ⅳ when combined with three-group N stage(P ＞ 0.05).We had modified the T stage standards of GTV volume: Based on different size of GTV volume, and in consideration of the invasion of adjacent structures and organs, new T stages had shown good separation on a corresponding survival curve(x2 =59.702 ,P ＜0.05).In clinical TNM staging which combined with the new T stage and three-group N stages, the 701 patients were divided into stage Ⅰ , Ⅱ , Ⅲ and Ⅳ, with corresponding 5-year survival rates of 33.5％ , 26.3％ , 13.4％ , 9.2％ , respectively, which strongly revealing significant differences of survival rates (x2 =82.577, P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The new T staging standard, which combined GTV volume with invasion degree of adjacent structures and organs, could accurately predict the prognosis of patients with radical radiotherapy of esophageal carcinoma.

Objective To analyze the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma and its influencing factors,and to provide an optimal combination mode of chemoradiotherapy for treating esophageal carcinoma. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data from 232 patients with esophageal carcinoma who were admitted to our hospital from January 2006 to December 2012 and received radical chemoradiotherapy. All patients received three?dimensional conformal radiotherapy or intensity?modulated radiotherapy as well as platinum?based chemotherapy. The overall survival ( OS ) and local control ( LC) rates were calculated using the Kaplan?Meier method and analyzed using the Logrank test. Univariate and multivariate prognostic analyses were made by the log?rank test and the Cox proportional hazard model,respectively. Results In all patients,the 1?,3?,and 5?year LC rates were 66?1%,42?2%, and 38?5%,respectively;the median LC time was 24?4 months;the 1?,3?,and 5?year OS rates were 73?3%, 37?2%,and 19?5%,respectively;the median OS time was 21 months. The univariate analysis revealed that T stage,N stage,clinical stage,irradiation range,and no less than 3 cycles of chemotherapy were influencing factors for OS ( P=0?000,0?000,0?000,0?030,0?001) and LC ( P=0?112,0?031,0?009,0?074,0?218) . The multivariate analysis revealed that N stage,clinical stage,and no less than 3 cycles of chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for OS ( P=0?006,0?000,0?001) . Conclusions The LC and long?term OS rates in patients with early?stage esophageal carcinoma can be substantially improved by radical chemoradiotherapy. The irradiation range and no less than 3 cycles of chemotherapy improve the long?term survival in patients.

BACKGROUND:There is evidence that internal fixation through an anterior or posterior approach for treatment of severe kyphotic deformity in spinal tuberculosis exhibits good curative effects. However, few prospective, long-term fol ow-up case control studies are reported. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy and safety of cobalt al oy pedicle screw implantation for treatment of severe kyphotic deformity in spinal tuberculosis. METHODS/DESIGN:This is a prospective, single-center, self-control, open-label trial, which wil be performed at the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, China. Eighty-four patients with severe kyphotic deformity in spinal tuberculosis wil be included according to the diagnosis criteria. Among 52 patients with tuberculosis of the thoracic spine, 28 wil undergo surgery through a posterior approach, and 24 through an anterior approach. According to the Frankel Grade classification, grade C, D and E spinal cord function wil be assessed in 8, 31 and 13 patients, respectively. Surgery through a posterior and anterior approach wil be respectively performed in half of 32 patients with tuberculosis of the lumbar spine. Grade C, D and E spinal cord function wil be assessed in 7, 14 and 11 patients, respectively. The primary outcome measure of this study wil be the Cobb angle at the thoracic spine segments before and 2 years after surgery, which wil be used to evaluate the angle of the spine curvature at the thoracic segments. The secondary outcome measures wil be X-ray scan or MRI findings before and 2 years after surgery, which wil be used to evaluate vertebral fusion after internal fixation;and Frankel Grade before and 2 years after surgery, which wil be used to evaluate recovery of spinal cord function after injury. Other outcome measures wil include multiple logistic regression analysis results of the factors that influence patient's curative effects and the incidence of adverse events 2 years after surgery. The trial protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, China and wil be performed in strict accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, formulated by the World Medical Association. Signed informed consent regarding the trial protocol wil be obtained from each participant. DISCUSSION:This study is to validate that cobalt al oy pedicle screw implantation shows precise curative effects in the treatment of severe kyphotic deformity in spinal tuberculosis and to analyze through what approach, posterior or anterior, internal fixation wil be more beneficial to surgery performance. The outcomes of this study wil provide objective long-term fol ow-up evidence for internal fixation treatment of severe kyphotic deformity in spinal tuberculosis in the clinic.

Background and purpose:p53 binding protein (53BP1) expresses in many normal and tumor cells. In vitroexperiments have conifrmed that inhibition of the protein expression of 53BP1 can effectively eliminate cycle arrest of tumor cells, and increase the radiosensitivity after irradiation. However, thein vivo experiment has not been re-ported. This study aimed to explore the effect of silencing 53BP1 gene on the growth and radiosensitivity to esophageal cancer cell ECA109 xenograft in nude mice.Methods:Forty-eight male BALB/c/nu nude mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: ECA109, ECA109/R, ECA109/N, ECA109/NR, ECA109/B and ECA109/BR. Three kinds of prepared cells (ECA109, ECA109/N and ECA109/B) were subcutaneously injected into the paw pads of mice (2×106/100 μL per mouse). The nude mice in ECA109/R, ECA109/NR, and ECA109/BR groups were irradiated with 15 Gy. Tumor growth was monitored every other day on the 6th day after injection. Tumor volume was measured with calipers. Theexpression levels of CHK1, CHK2 and phosphorylated CHK2-T68 protein were examined in different groups by West-ern blot. Apoptotic cell and cell cycle distribution were detected by lfow cytometry assay.Results:Visible tumors were detectable by day 7 after implantation, and the tumor volumes showed no signiifcant differences among all the groups (F=0.67, P=0.69). After irradiation with 15 Gy, tumor volumes in ECA109/BR group were smaller than those in other groups (P=0.03); the growth inhibition rate increased, but the relative growth rate decreased signiifcantly (P=0.01). The q value which relfected the radiosensitizing effect in ECA109/BR group was 1.45. The expressions of CHK1 and CHK2 at protein level in ECA109/BR group were not inlfuenced (P=0.71). However, the level of phosphorylated CHK2-T68 expression decreased signiifcantly after irradiation with 15 Gy (P=0.03). Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were not signiifcantly different among all the groups (P=0.45).Conclusion:Silencing 53BP1 gene expression could inhibit the growth of esophageal cancer cell xenograft and increase the radiosensitivity to tumors in the nude mice.