Objective To investigate the effect of electrical stimulation of cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) on the contents of monoaminergie transmitters in frontal lobes of rats with depression, and to explore the pathway and mechanism of electrical stimulation of cerebellum in treating depression. Methods A total of 30 Wistar rats were used tO establish the animal depression model by exposure to chronic stressing circumstances. Electrical stimulation delivered to the left cerebellar FN or left dentate nucleus (DN) for 1 h was used as the intervention. The contents of serotonin (5-HT), noradrenalin (NE) and dopamine (DA) in frontal lobe were determined with fluorospectropho-tometry. Results Compared with normal control group, the contents of 5-HT and NE in bilateral frontal lobes of depression model rats decreased significantly (P < 0. 001). No significant change of all three monoaminergic trans-mitters in normal rats was observed after stimulation of FN or DN (P > 0. 05), but significant increases of 5-HT and NE in right and left frontal lobes were observed in depression model rats after stimulation of FN (P < 0.05, P < 0.001; P <0.05, P <0.01), with the increase in right lobe more significant than in left lobes (P <0.05). In de-pression model rats underwent DN stimulation, significant increase of contents of all three monoaminergic transmitters in frontal lobes was observed. Conclusion ElectrieM stimulation of cerebellar FN can increase the contents of 5-HT and NE in frontal lobes of rats with depression, and this suggest that electrical stimulation might have therapeutic effect to depression.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of preconditioned neuroprotection of cerebellar fastigial nucleus electrical stimulation(FNS) by means of observation of the effect of FNS on the expressions of PKC? and PKC? in the somatosensery cortex and basal ganglia in rats. Methods FNS models in rats were established. Brain tissue containing the somatosensery cortex and basal ganglia was removed at 0 h and 1, 3, 7 and 10 d respectively after FNS and 20 ?m coronal sections were obtained with a sliding cryo microtome. Immunocytochemical analysis of PKC? and PKC? in 2 sections from each rat was performed and the average optical density of immunostaining was quantified by computer assisted image analysis system. Sham stimulation rats and cerebral dentate nucleus (DN) stimulation rats were used as the control. Results At 0 h after FNS, no significant changes of the expressions of PKC? and PKC? were found in the contralateral somatosensery cortex and basal ganglia. The expressions of PKC? and PKC? increased significantly at 1 d and decreased at 3 d but were still higher than those in sham stimulation group at 7 d and decreased to the basal level of the control at 10 d. However, the expressions of PKC? and PKC? in the ipsilateral somatosensery cortex and basal ganglia were also elevated at 1 d after FNS but the increase was significantly lower than that in the contralateral ones and reached the basal level at 3 d. There was no change of PKC? and PKC? in sham stimulation group at 1 d after DN stimulation. Conclusion The increased expressions of PKC? and PKC? in the somatosensery cortex and basal ganglia induced by FNS may participate in the preconditioned neuroprotection of FNS.

Objective To observe the dynamic changes of the content and the activity of phospholipase A 2(PLA 2) after ischemia in canine brainstem and to explore the neuroprotection of taurin and the activation of PLA 2. Methods The ischemic brainstem models were established with dog.The content of taurin and the activity of PLA 2 were determined after different durations of ischemia in the brainstem with Gold series high performance aminoacid analyzer and trace acid titration respectively. Meanwhile,the pathological changes of neurons were observed with microscope. Results Compared with those of the pseudo operation group,the content of taurin and the activity of PLA 2 in the brainstem increased significantly 30 min after ischemia in the brainstem ( P

Objective To investigate the roles of c-reactive protein (CRP) in the onset of dysthymia and its effects on the therapeutic efficacy. Methods Ninety six patients with dysthymia (male:37, female: 59) were examined using Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) to determine their status of depression at 2 months before and after treatment with fluoxetine. Another 50 normal subjects were employed as the controls. CRP levels were measured by scatter turbidimetry by TurboxR special protein analysis system (Finland) in all subjects. Results All depression scores of normal subjects according to HAMD depression scale were under 17 and their serum CRP concentrations were at a basic level. The prevalence rate of increase of serum c-reactive protein in dysthymia was 43.8%(42/96). The average serum CRP level in patients with dysthymia was significantly higher than that in normal subjects (P0.05). Conclusion Serum CRP concentration maybe an important evoking factor of dysthymia. It may not increase the severity of depression but may impede the early improvement of symptoms.

Objective To observe the effect of transcranial low frequency electrical stimulation on the contents of monoamines in ischemic area of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO).MethodsPermanent MCAO model of Wistar rat was established with silk thread enveloped with polyammoniacum.The ischemic areas received various intensity of transcranial low frequency electrical stimulation for 1 hour in rats underwent 1 hour of ischemia.Then the affected tissue was processed with fluorospectrophotometry to determine the contents of dopamine(DA),noradrenalin(NE) and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT).ResultsCompared with the sham-operation group,the contents of DA,NE and 5-HT in ischemic area of MCAO model rats decreased obviously(all P<0.01),while all three monoamines investigated in the sham-operation group with transcranial low frequency electrical stimulation had no significant change.In the MCAO groups stimulating with lower(10 V) and middle(30 V) intensity transcranial low frequency electrical field,the contents of DA,NE and 5-HT in ischemic area had no significant increase.But in the MCAO group stimulating with high(50 V) intensity transcranial low frequency electrical field,the contents of DA,NE and 5-HT in ischemic area increased significantly(P<0.05).ConclusionSome degree of intensity transcranial low frequency electrical field stimulation can increase the contents of DA,NE and 5-HT in ischemic area of rats subjected to MCAO.

Objective:To study the combined use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer.Methods:The clinical data of patients with pancreatic cancer who were planned to undergo perioperative treatment before surgical treatment at the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from January 2019 to June 2021 were retrospectively studied. Of 22 patients with pancreatic cancer, there were 10 males and 12 females, aged (56.0±10.2) years old. Preoperative treatment with chemotherapy (nab-paclitaxel and S-1, AS) and immunotherapy regimen before surgery were given. The baseline characteristics, treatment efficacy, surgical pathology and prognosis were analyzed.Results:Of 22 patients who were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with programmed death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody, 11 patients (50%) had tumors in the head, neck and uncinated process of pancreas. On radiographic assessment, one patient achieved CR (4.5%, 1/22), 9 patients PR (40.9%, 9/22), and 11 patients SD (50.0%, 11/22). All patients subsequently underwent R 0 resection. The postoperative pTNM staging showed 91% (20/22) of patients were in stage IA-IIB, 31.8% (7/22) of patients had pT2, 63.6% (14/22) had N0, and 1 patient had pCR. Thirteen patients (54.2%, 13/22) received postoperative adjuvant therapy. The median recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 6.4 months and the median time to progression (TTP) was 12.8 months. The median overall survival of patients was not reached. Postoperative pathology TNM staging IIA to III ( HR=3.63, 95% CI: 1.18-11.20, P=0.025) and postoperative pathology T2-3 stage ( HR=2.02, 95% CI: 1.01-5.05, P=0.049) were significantly associated with RFS. Postoperative pathology TNM stages IIA to III ( HR=2.39, 95% CI: 1.04-5.50, P=0.041) and postoperative pathology T2-3 stage ( HR=2.53, 95% CI: 1.26-5.09, P=0.009) were significantly associated with TTP. Conclusion:AS combined with PD-1 monoclonal antibody showed good efficacy as a neoadjuvant therapy for patients with borderline-resectable pancreatic cancer.