Objective To observe the physical development indexes of students from a teenager aviation school and to find out about the trainees′characteristics of physical development in order to advise on medical selection of teenager flying cadets and improve the present training programs .Methods Four hundred and thirty six students Grade 2015 were selected as subjects .The data of their physical examinations between school selection examination and annual examination were compared via matched-pair design.Physical growth and development of students in the aviation school were analyzed . Results The height, relative body mass and body mass index (IBM) of the students changed significantly (P<0.05) after one-year training in the youth aviation school .The proportion of students whose body mass accounted for 85% to 120%of standard weight was increased from 84.40%to 93.12%.94.74%of the increase came from students who used to be underweight .The qualified rate of students who reached the 70%-79% of the standard relative body mass in school selection examination was 57.14%.The reached qualified rate of students who reached the 80%-84% of the standard relative body mass in school selection examination was as high as 95.65%.The average height growth of the students was about 2.0 cm in the previous year .Conclusion The relative body mass of students who reached the 70%-85% of the standard relative body mass in school selection examination improved obviously ,suggesting that we should revise the weight standard to less than 30% of the standard weight , which conforms to the objective law of growth and development of adolescents .The rate of development of adolescent height requires further follow-up observation .All the students of a teenager aviation school should pay attention to a reasonable diet , take more physical exercise and monitor body mass .

By summarizing the results of research on the modernized hospital by the academic circles and using system theories and expert consultations, the paper proposes the technical lines for constructing a framework of modernized hospital appraisal and defines the basic concept of the modernized hospital and its appraisal dimensions, arguing that a humanized, intelligence- and science-based, law-driven, and environment-friendly hospital constitutes the basics of the modernized hospital. At the same time the paper further clarifies several relationships that need to be well handled in appraising the modernized hospital on the basis of theoretical systems.

Objective To discuss the reasons for the difference in the results of medical checkups for cardidates enlisted in teenager aviation classes, in order to offer tips for the establishment of regional training programs and improve the qualification rate and acceptability.Methods A total of 2894 junior high school graduates as candidates for selection to teenager aviation classes in 2015 were given a double-blind medical examination.Cross-sectional survey methodology was used to compare the differences in the results of physical examinations, for candidates from seven areas.Results The qualification rate of physical checkups in the above regions were significantly different.The regional differences in the rejection rate related to ophthalmology, surgery, neurology and ultrasound were significant(P <0.05),but the regional differences in the rejection rate in internal medicine and ENT were not(P>0.05).The vision, height and relative body mass in different regions were significantly different (P<0.05)except for blood pressure test (P>0.05).Conclusion The physical differences are the results of various factors.In order to improve the passing rate of candidats, the aviation training plan for teenager aviation classes should consider the geography, climate, socio-economic environment and the physical health of local students.We should implement training programs in line with local conditions reather than use a unified national standard.

Objective To provide an effective theoretical basis for future selection and recruitment of military flying cadets.Methods Two hundred military qualified flying cadets by comprehensive assessment samples and 200 military flying cadets by medical fitness samples were interviewed with questionnaires and subjected to a physical examination.The comprehensive assessment samples were classified by symptoms and attributive specialties for statistical analysis.A database was established, cleaned and analyzed by EpiData 3.02, SPSS 16.0 with double checking.Results There was no differ-ence between the comprehensive assessment team and the medical fitness team in age, areas, academic scores and psycho-logical performance.The ten top symptoms according to the comprehensive assessment were abnormal chest circumference, abnormal body mass,iris cyst,abnormal hypersplenotrophy,gallbladder polyps,flat foot,skin disease, intrahepatic calcifica-tion focus, joint disease and reproductive system disease.The attributed specialties included surgery, ultrasonics, ophthal-mology,ENT,radiology, ECG and internal medicine departments.The surgery and ultrasonics department contributed the most from the comprehensive assessment and accounted for 55.52%and 16.37%, respectively.Conclusion The compre-hensive assessment for military flying cadets has an important effect on military aviator selection.Continuous observation should be carried out among the military flying cadets by comprehensive assessment in their aviation training.

Objective To improve the selection of flying cadets of the Air Force of People′s Liberation Army of China ( PLAAF) by analyzing the differences of medical identification of lumbar spondylolysis between PLAAF and the US Air Force ( USAF) .Methods Flight crew who had been checked for lumbar spondylolysis during hospitalization at the Air Force General Hospital between 2013 and 2015 were chosen.The results of their medical identification were compaired according to PLAAF and USAF Medical Standards Directory, and their differences and possible reasons were analyzed accordingly.Results The qualified rate of PLAAF was about 85%, which was very close to the standards of USAF, but the difference was not of any statistical significance(P>0.05).Conclusion The standards of our medical identification of lumbar spondylolysis was similar to those of USAF, suggesting that the selection of flying cadets can be improved.

Objective To study the applicability of Vienna Test System ( VTS) to psychological screening of flying cadets,and to establish a corresponding standard model for flying cadets .Methods VTS and pilot psychological selection system were used to evaluate the mental health of 134 cases of flying cadets , SPSS 13.0 was used to compare their consistency and relevance.Results The results of VTS included the raw score of overall mean duration [(46.68 ±21.06)s] on 2hand test, the correct reaction times (246.54 ±25.88) on DT test, the normal values of overall mean duration [(27.84 ±21.98)s] on 2 hand test,and the correct reaction times (60.57 ±18.61) on DT test and other indexes. Pearson coefficient was calculated as predictive validation .The composite score of VTS was significantly positively correla-ted with the first platform(r=0.46,P<0.0001), the second platform(r=0.27,P<0.05) and the psychological perform-ance of the pilot psychological selection system (r=0.31,P<0.05).Kappa-test showed that the two methods were highly consistent(Kappa=0.53).Conclusion The application of VTS to screening the mental health of flying cadets can yield and quick but accurate results , which are of high reliability and validity .It is undoubtedly of great significance for improving the level of aviation security ,objectivity of selection results and predictive validity .

Objective To analyze the data on hearing of recruited students from a teenager aviation school according to both the standards of PLA and those of the US Armed Forces , to learn about their differences in hearing standards in medi-cal selection, and to raise suggestions on establishing hearing standards for medical selection of flying cadets from teenager aviation schools .Methods The data collected on the first hearing test about hearing of students from Hebei Teenager Aviation School were collected .The validity of the data was determined according to the medical selection standards both of PLA and of the US Armed Forces respectively .The cases of qualified or unqualified recruits at high frequency and middle -low frequency were counted respectively and analyzed statistically .Results The unqualified recruits determined by PLA′s standards tended to be unqualified too when determined by the US Armed Forces standards .During the screening of high frequency hearing and the general hearing condition , the proportion of unqualified cases determined by the US selection standards was higher than that determined by PLA′s selection standard .In the screening of middle-low frequency hearing , no statistically significant difference was found in the proportion of unqualified cases when the two different selection standards were used.Conclusion The hearing standard for medical selection of flying cadets at high frequency in the US Armed Forces is stricter than that in the PLA .Meanwhile, the hearing standard at middle-low frequency in the US Armed Forces is different from that in the PLA , though there are no statistically significant differences in the proportion of unqualified cases.The hearing standards of the US Armed Forces are recommended in recruiting flying cadets for teenager flying schools .

Objective To analyze the results of the final aviation medical examination of 1281 students recruited into Air Force youth aviation schools in Hunan and Hubei provinces in order to provide reference for establishing the items and standards of medical selection .Methods The data of 1281 students who participated in final aviation medical examination of Air Force youth aviation schools in 2016 were collected , who came from 28 cities in the above two provinces .The disqualification rate and related unqualified medical items were calculated , and the differences of the disqualification rate and medical geographical areas in the 28 cities were analyzed .Results According to the disqualification rate , the top five departments were ophthalmology , otolaryngology, surgery, radiology and ultrasonic departments .The top 10 unqualified items were the lack of distant vision , fundus diseases , nasal anomaly , ametropia and strabismus , spine abnormality , audition abnormality, vestibular function badness , vitreous opacity, and lens abnormalities.There was no significant difference between the 28 cities in the disqualification rate (P >0.05) or between the two provinces (P >0.05). Conclusion The results of the final aviation medical examination reflect the quality and efficiency of the initial aviation medical examination .To improve the quality of medical selection , further research is needed to set a scientific standard for the initial aviation medical examination while strengthening the scientific protection and intervention of distant vision .The efficiency of selection depends on improving the accuracy of initial aviation medical examination in nasal cavity structure, body shape ,and lens opacity .With a better understanding of the disqualification rate and abnormal items in different cities , a scientific arrangement of professional staff and technical force can make the initial aviation medical examination better, thus effectively reducing the rate of false elimination rate and misdiagnosis .

Objective To reveal the difference between the standards for genu varum and genu valgum in the medical standard directory PLA Air Force( PLAAF) for recruitment of flying cadets and those adopted in the United States Air Force ( USAF) , and suggest a method for the reform of our flying cadets recruitment.Methods The rejection rate and comprehe nsive assessment qualification rate of genu varum and genu valgum during physical examinations for recruitment of flying cadets between 2012 and 2015 were analyzed.The different standards for genu varum and genu valgum in PLAAF and USAF flying cadets recruitment were compared and subjected to an empirical study.Results During the final physical examination for selection of flying cadets between 2012 and 2015, only 18 candidates were eliminated because of genu varum and genu valgum, accounting 9.1% of the total eliminated candidates because of orthopadics diseases.Four candidates with genu varum and genu valgum passed the comprehensive assessment in 2014 and 31 in 2015, which accounted for 15%of the candidates with orthopaedics diseases approved by comprehensive assessment.The standards for genu varum and genu valgum in PLAAF were based on morphology while those in the USAF based on the function of knees.According to the USAF medical standard directory, 9 of the candidates rejected because of genu varum and genu valgum were qualified and 9 disqualified.Among the candidates with genu varum and genu valgum approved by comprehensive assessment, 32 were qualified and 3 disqualified.Conclusion The standards for genu varum and genu valgum in PLAAF medical standard directory are of lower accuracy.The standards of USAF should be referred to and the function of knees should be considered in selection of flying cadets.Femur-tibia angle should be measured to improve the morphological standards.

Objective To improve and determine the Medical Standards Directory of the Air Force of People′s Libera-tion Army of China( PLAAF) by analyzing the differences in lumbar spondylolysis and scoliosis between PLAAF and the US Air Force( USAF) .Methods All candidates of flying cadets participating in the final radiographic selection between 2013 and 2015 were chosen.They were judged to be qualified or not according to PLAAF and USAF Medical Standards Directory. Results The average morbility of lumbar spondylolysis and scoliosis in PLAAF was 47%and 30.3%respectively.Arnong those who were eliminated in China,86.0%and 92.5%could be regarded as qualified according to the standard of USAF in 2015.The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).Conclusion Our selection standards for lumbar spondylol-ysis and scoliosis should be improved based on this study.