A ELISA indirect sandiwich method using McAb against for HFRS virus and the roughly purified antigen has been developed for detections of IgM and IgG antibodies in sera from HFRS patients.The specificity of this technique was proved by the sera cross test,antibody-blocking test and 2-Mercaptoethnol method.The IgM antibodies of 121 sera from HFRS patients were examined by the ELISA and IFAT.The positive rates were 90.1% and 83.5%,respectively and the difference was significant(p

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor,linagliptin,in subjects aged 60 years or older with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods Data from eight 24-week,multinational,multicenter,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,parallel-group studies were analyzed.Patients aged 60 years or older with T2DM were received oral linagliptin (5 mg/d) or placebo in combination with mefformin,or metformin plus sulfonylurea.Efficacy was assessed by the changes in glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline to 24 weeks of treatment.Safety endpoint included the frequency and intensity of adverse events.Results A total of 1 421 patients (placebo 429,linagliptin 992) were included in the full analysis set (FAS).Mean ages of the subjects were (67.4 ± 5.6) years in the linagliptin group and (66.7-± 5.6) years in the placebo group.Baseline HbA1c was (8.0 ±0.8) ％ in the linagliptin group and (8.1 ±0.9) ％ in the placebo group.At the end of 24-week,placebo-adjusted reduction in HbAlc in subjects with linagliptin was (0.7 ±0.1)％ (95％ CI 0.6-0.8,P ＜0.000 1),and placebo-adjusted reduction in FPG in subjects with linagliptin was (0.88 ±0.12) mmol/L(95％ CI 0.65-1.11,P ＜0.000 1).Overall safety and tolerability in the two groups were similar.Adverse events occurred in 57.1％ of patients in the placebo group and 61.1％ of patients in the linagliptin group,and the incidence of adverse events leading to discontinuation was 3.2％ in the placebo group and 3.8％ in the linagliptin group.Serious adverse events occurred in 1.6％ of patients in the placebo group and 2.8％ of patients in the linagliptin group.Investigator-defined hypoglycaemia occurred in 7.3％ of patients in the placebo group and 11.9％ of patients in the linagliptin group.Among them,most were mild or moderate hypoglycaemia,and severe hypoglycaemia only occurred in 0.2％ of patients in the placebo and 0.5％ in the linagliptin groups.Overall incidence of hypoglycaemia in linagliptin group was slightly higher than that in placebo group,which might be due to the fact that more patients were taking sulfonylureas in linagliptin group than in placebo group (26.8％ linagliptin;18.4％ placebo).No difference could be viewed in hypoglycaemia between the two groups in patients without sulfonylureas (1.2％ linagliptin,1.1％ placebo)Moreover,no severe hypoglycaemia was reported in subjects without sulfonylureas.The incidences of other adverse events were similar in both groups.Conclusion Linagliptin was efficacious in lowering glucose with a safety profile similar to placebo in type 2 diabetic patients aged 60 years or older.

Objective To discuss the value of three-dimensional (3D) transrectal ultrasound (3DTRUS)in diagnosing prostatic diseases.In this study ,73 patients were examed.Methods 73 patients underwent three-dimensional reconstruction of prostatic ultrasonic echo were performe.At sametime we did 2DTRUS in these 73 patients.We compare these two groups` ultrasonic echo characteristics.Results 3DTRUS can provide more detailed three-dimensional makeup of prostatic lesions when compared with 2DTRUS.Overall informative value 3DTRUS in detection of prostatic lesions was 94.5%,2DTRUS is 83.6%.3DTRUS produced a significantly higher detection rate (P

Objective To review the current situation and developments of researches into important pathogenic microorganisms domestically and abroad,and to suggest the orientation of research work and development in pathogenic microbiology in PLA.Methods The achievements and advances of research work achieved domestically and abroad in the past five years regarding important viruses(such as hepatitis viruses,human immunodeficiency virus,influenza virus,encephalitis viruses and hantaanvirus)and bacteria (such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Streptococcus suis serotype 2,Yersinia pestis,Bacillus anthracis and Helicobacterp ylori)were retrieved and reviewed using intelligence research methods.Results Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms were the most severe hazards to health and life of human beings.Especially in the past thirty years,newly emerging infectious diseases and recurrence of previonsly controlled infectious diseases had received wide attention.Infectious diseases control had been greatly improved owing to the increasing discoveries in the knowledge about pathogenic microorganisms.Conclusions During the period of "Twelfth Five-Years Plan" ,a big team of science and technology personnel with strong innovative ability in the domain of medical microbiology should be brought up in PLA;and a number of advanced and consummate research bases and technology platforms should be built up;to apply for and realize a batch of major research projects,strive to make a number of scientific achievements with innovation and important application prospects,improve the transformation efficiency of scientific and technological achievements and contribution of scientific and technological progress,and strive to achieve important progresses and breakthrough in mainstream research.

Aim To express hepatitis C virus glycoprotein E (gE) deleting carboxy-terminal 31 amino acids, and detect anti-E antibody in HCV patients using expressed gE. Methods E gene derived from HCV H strain was inserted into baculovirus transfer vector containing a polyhedrin promotor. The recombinant plasmid was cotransfected into insect cell sf9 with a viral expression vector. The expression of gE was analyzed with Western blot, and the cells were used for dectecting antibodies against E1 and E2 in 35 hepatitis C patients by indirect immunofluorescence. Results A series of proteins with different relative molecular masses(Mr) could be detected by Western blot. Results from indirect immunofluorescence staining showed and only 4 patients were anti-E antibody positive gE was located in cytoplasm. Conclusion HCV gE is expressed successfully in insect cells, the study lay the foundation for further developing HCV vaccine.

The cultured HUVE cells were infected with HFRS veruses. At different intervals after in-fection cytotoxicity of NK and LAK by 4 hours Cr release method. It was found that the infec-tion of endothelial cells inhibit the lytic activity of NK and LAK cells. Theinhibition. It is sug-gested that the deceased susceptibility of HFRS virus infected endothelial cells to NK and LAKcells may protect the viruses from the cellular immunity during the course of HFRS.

Objective To investigate the immunological properties of Rv1009 domain. Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with Rv1009 domain three times at 2-week interval. ELISA was used to detect the antiRv1009 domain antibody titer in the sera of immunized mice sera. The spleen lymphocytes of the immunized mice were separated and the stimulation index (SI) was measured by MTT colorimetry. Levels of secreted IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-12 upon specific antigen stimulation were detected by ELISA. The BALB/c mice immunized with Rv1009 domain were intravenously infected with MTB H37Rv. Four weeks after the final injection, the number of CFU in spleens was determined. Results The titer of the specific antibody in sera of the immunized BALB/c mice was 1:12 800. The SI of Rv1009 domain immunized group (2. 40±0. 18) was significantly higher than that of saline immunized group (0.90±0.21). The IFN-γ,IL-10 and IL-12 levels in culture supematant of spleen lymphecytes from the fusion proteins immunized mice was (1 432±30) ng/L, (503±11) ng/L and (311±11) ng/L respectively, significant different from that of saline immunized group[(256±20) ng/L, (76±6) ng/L and(56±8) ng/L,P<0.01]. Four weeks after the final injection,compared with normal saline immunized mice (6.64±0.13), dramatic reduction in MTB replication was observed in the spleen (4.86±0.14) from BALB/c mice immunized with fusion proteins following a subsequent MTB H37Rv challenge, but the protection efficacy of mice immunized with Rv1009 domain was not as good as that of BCG vaccination group (3.81±0.16). Conclusion Rv1009 domain can be used as a candidate for the new TB vaccine.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of solid phase transformation on the metal-ceramic compatibility of Co-Cr alloy during firing programs.

METHODS9 foils of Co-Cr and Ni-Cr alloy with the dimension of 25 mmx3 mmx0.5 mm were casted using lost wax technology respectively. Among them, 6 specimens were subjected to metal-ceramic bonding strength test (three point bending method), the ceramic layer of 3 specimens were removed for X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. One cylindrical specimen of each alloy was casted for the test of coefficient of thermal expansion, cooling curves were recorded.

RESULTSThe metal-ceramic bonding strength of Ni-Cr, Co-Cr alloy was (49.1 +/- 3.40), (40.9 +/- 2.02) MPa respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups' bonding strength (P = 0.00). The coefficient of thermal expansion in the 20-500 degrees C interval of Ni-Cr and Co-Cr alloy was 13.9 x 10(-6), 13.8 x 10(-6) x K(-1) respectively. XRD analysis indicated that the microstructure of Ni-Cr alloy was austenite. While Co-Cr alloy was constituted by fcc phase, hcp phase and sigma phase.

CONCLUSIONDuring the cooling procedure, the transformation of fcc phase to hcp phase and segregation of needle-like sigma phase intensify the linear contraction speed of Co-Cr alloy, which decreases the metal-ceramic adaptability.

Objective To explore the HRCT characteristics of solitary pure bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.Methods Compared with postop pathological appearance,21 patients with 22 affections tumors which were pathologically confirmed pure bronchioloalveolar carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed.Results the histopathological results prior to surgery showed that 20 patients with 21 affections tumors were non-mucilaginous BAC and 1 patient was mucilaginous BAC.Noguchi's classification:Type A 3 cases,Type B 12 cases,Type C 5 cases.(Mucilaginous BAC was not classified)Stage classification:There were 21 cases with stage ⅠA,the maximum tumor diameter was from 0.3 to 3.0 mm (average diameter 1.3 mm).No case showed pleura metastasis,vessel invasion and lymphaticmetastasis.Appearance of HRCT:according to the amount of GGO,all affections were divided into 4 groups.A group(5/22),B group(7/22),C group(7/22),D group(3/22).There were 11 cases with pleura traction,5 cases with clear boundary and trimmed edges and other 17 cases were contradistinction.There were 21 cases with blood vessel or bronchus shadow.Conclusion HRCT can show scan can provide details of structure characteristics of BAC's pathological histology,so it plays an important role in prediction of pathological infiltration of tumor cells and prognosis assessment.

Objective: To study the relationship between human herpes vi rus 6 (HHV-6) infection and oral squamors cell carcinoma. Methods: The serum anti-HHV-6 antibody titers from 16 cases of oral squamors cell carcinoma (OSCC) and 16 control subjects were detected by indirect immunofluores cence assay. HHV-6 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was amplified by P CR and the specificity was confirmed by Southern-blot hybridization with an int ernal probe oligonuclotide. An immunohistochemical staining was used to detect H HV-6 antigen in OSCC tissues. Results: Positive expression of s erum HHV-6 IgG antibody was found in all the cases of OSCC and in 12 of the 16 controls. Geometric mean titer of OSCC group and control group was 1∶118 and 1 ∶64 respectively (P