Brain-computer interface(BCI) was a communication system that did not depend on the brain's normal output pathways of the peripheral nerves and muscles.BCI provided a new communication channel for the patients with severe neuromuscular disorders,and also had potential values in virtual reality,entertainment and aviation.Recently,BCI developed rapidly,and its researches mostly concentrated on feature extraction and translation algorithm.Cortical evoked potentials such as steady-state visual evoked potential(SSVEP) and P300 were widely applied in BCI because of simple feature extraction and requiring little training.The progress in SSVEP-based and P300-based BCI was reviewed,and its experimental paradigms and limitations were analyzed in this paper.

Gastroesophageal varices hemorrhage is a common complication of portal hypertension. Drug and endoscopic therapy have become the basic treatments for varices. Transjugular intrahepatic portal venous shunt is recommended for the management of refractory or recurrent variceal hemorrhage. Liver transplantation will be considered when variceal hemorrhage becomes fatal and traditional therapies are with high risk, contraindicated, or have unsatisfactory results. Patients who received traditional treatments can achieve short-term efficacy and even stabilize the disease for a long time. However, if these treatments lead to complications such as portal vein thrombosis and hepatorenal syndrome, it may increase the risk of liver transplantation complications and affect the patient’s prognosis. Elevated portal venous pressure has a variety of adverse effects on systemic circulation, which can cause hepatopulmonary syndrome, portal pulmonary hypertension, refractory ascites, etc. In these cases, liver transplantation should be performed as early as possible. Conventional treatments are unsatisfactory. In addition, frailty may be worsened after traditional treatment, which will significantly increase the risk of liver transplantation. With the increase of model for end-stage liver disease, the requirement for donor liver volume will also has been increased, which will also affect the implementation of living donor liver transplantation. Some patients with portal hypertension may have poor quality of life and it may also become a clinical indication for liver transplantation. These liver transplant-related issues should be evaluated when administering traditional therapies. Traditional therapies aimed at improving the patient's condition, delaying or controlling complications should not interfere with the consequent implementation of liver transplantation. Improving the long-term overall survival rate and quality of life of patients with portal hypertension is the ultimate standard of all treatments.

Usually the blood pressure will elevated in patients with acute ischemic stroke during the first 24 hours after the onset of symptoms, and the blood pressure levels are associated with the prognosis of patients. Regardless of trying to reduce or elevate blood pressure, the management of blood pressure in acute stroke is controversial. This article reviews the relations between the changes of blood pressure in the acute phase of ischemic stroke and the management of blood pressure and stroke prognosis.

The complexity of human organism determines a great deal of research work should be realized by dynamic research in animal models in vivo.The development of micro-magnetic resonance imaging technique and its application in animal model of neurological and psychotic disorders have opened up a new way for promoting the study of neurological and psychotio disorders in depth and development from the information about neurological anatomy in vivo to the measurement of specific molecular target.

The nervous system and the immune system maintain homeostasis mainly through the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis,the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system(vagal cholinergic pahway).The homeostasis is broken after stroke,and results in peripheral immunosuppression,which is called stroke-induced immunodepression syndrome.Its mechanism is still under investigation.The article reviews the mechanism and clinical significance of stroke-induced peripheral immunodepression through the above three mentioned pathways.

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a common complication of stroke. Its patogenesis is complex, mainly including the mechanisms of neurobiotogy and social psychology. So far, there has been no uniform conclusion both at home and abroad. Now it is considered that PSD is the results of comprehensive effect of various neurobiology and social psychology, and its onset is in accordance with the bio-psycho-social medical model.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for rapid identification of genuine and spurious Panax notoginseng.METHODS:19 batches of samples including P.notoginseng of different origins and the common spurious P.notoginseng in China were collected.The infrared spectra of the samples were collected using near infrared spectrometer,then the spectra were pretreated by unitary vector plus second derivative method and the identification model was established by factorization method.RESULTS:The verification on 10 batches of commercial P.notoginseng samples showed that the established model can accurately identify the genuine and the spurious P.notoginseng.CONCLUSION:NIR spectrometry can quickly and accurately identify the quality of P.notoginseng,and it can be applied in rapid drug testing vehiches for extensive use.

Carotid artery stenosis is one of the most important reasons for stroke. Carotid artery stenting possesses more advantages with less damage and pain for patients, which has becaome the most effective treatment for carotid artery stensis, and the use of review the issues related to te carotid artery stenting under cerebral protection. With the accomplishment of many successful large scale clinical trials carried out by multiple centers, it is believed that carotid artery stenting with cerebral protection plays important orle in the prevevtion and treatment of cerebral stroke initiated by carotid artery stenosis.

Objective To investigate the preemptive analgesia therapy of dezocine on postoperative agitation in patients undergoing Esophagectomy under thoracoscopy.Methods Sixty cases of ASA Ⅰ,Ⅱ undergoing thoracoscopic resection of esophageal cancer patients were divided into two groups randomly:dezocine and control group,each group with 30 patients.Patients in dezocine group were intravenously injected with dezocine 0.1 mg/kg before intubation,and patients in control group just intubation as usual.The incidence of postoperative agitation in two groups were observed,and visual analog scale(VAS) score at 0 min,15 min,30 min and 45 min after extubation were registered.The time of wake up and extubatio,the change of hemodynamic were also recorded.Results The incidences of postoperative agitation in dezocine preemptive analgesia group were obviously lower than that in the control group (10％ (3/30) vs.60％ (19/30),P ＜0.01).The VAS score at 0 min,15 min,30 min and 45 min after extubation in dezocine preemptive analgesia group ((1.3 ± 1.2),(2.4 ± 1.7),(2.7 ± 1.3),(2.8 ± 1.2) points) were significantly lower than those in the control group ((3.4±1.5),(4.7±1.8),(5.0±1.6),(4.8±1.7) points) (F within group =18.6,P＜0.05; F between group =20.4,P ＜ 0.05 ; F interaction =20.0,P ＜ 0.05 ; compared different time between two groups,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Preemptive analgesia with dezocine can obviously lessen postoperative agitation in patients undergoing Esophagectomy under thoracoscopy,and dezocine is also effective in postoperative analgesia.

Objective:To explore coping strategies of college students during exam period. Methods:One hundred and ninety-nine subjects were randomly collected and surveyed with a self-developed questionnaire. The obtained data was analyzed with the principal component factor analysis.Results:It was found that begging sympathy or depending on fantasy, seeking support from relatives and friends, escape and abandon, teamwork and effective time management, and learning and review seriously were six common coping strategies. Students with different levels of stress reactions adopted different strategies. However, only the strategy of teamwork and effective time management was effect in stress coping.Conclusion: Teamwork and effective time management is a practical coping of students during exam period.