Objective To investigate the quantity and species distribution of diatoms in Chuanyang River of Pudong new area of Shanghai and provide references for the invesitigation of water body in forensic practice. Methods The water samples collected from 15 areas in Chuanyang River of Pudong new area in September 2012 were examined by microscope to identify the species of diatoms. Results Cyclotella and Pinnularia were found to be the dominant species within the 12 species of diatoms in Chuanyang River, which showed differences in species among the sections of Huangpu River, the center and the East China Sea. Conclusion The differences in subsectional distribution of diatom species in Chuanyang River may provide a new foundation for forensic identification in drowning cases especially in the deter-mination of falling location.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of erectile dysfunction(ED)in aged men.Methods Erectile dysfunction(ED)was diagnosed according to the International Index of Erectile Function(IIEF).78 aged men(average 65.9 yrs)as the study group,and 82 young patients(average 36.0 yrs)as the control group,all with ED,Were compared in complicating diseases,self-rating SDS scores,penile-brachial indexes(PBI),the time of achieving erection,and ejaculatory latency time.Results The main complicating diseases in study group were cardiovascular diseases(42 cases,53.9%),lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS)(31 cases,39.7%)and diabetes(26 cases,33.3%).In the control group,the main complicating diseases were chronic prostatitis(52 cages,63.4%),premature ejaculation(PE)(32 cases,39.0%)and depression(12 csses,14.6%).SDS scores of study group and control group were(29.13±5.63)and(39.59±13.31),PBI were(0.78±0.12)and(0.91±0.06),the time of achieving erection were(13.85±5.75)min and(3.61±4.29)min,ejaculatory latency time were(7.03±5.35)min and(3.81±5.53)min.All with significant difference(P＜0.01).Conclusion Most of the ED old men were complicated with organic diseases,such as the time of achieving erection,PBI low scores and longer ejaculatory latency time.

The technology of color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) was more and more popularly applied to the clinical diagnosis of erectile dysfunction (ED) in recent years since its introduction into this domain by Lue et al. CDU is preferable as a diagnostic means for its advantages of being convenient, non-impairing and easily repeatable. Nowadays, CDU is becoming a hotpoint of research. However, CDU still has some defects that have limited its application. This article reviews its mechanism, usage, research development and application combined with other diagnostic means, and introduces a new type of power-Doppler imaging.
Erectile Dysfunction ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; methods

Objective To study the relationship between apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) gene rs12721026 polymorphism and cerebral hemorrhage.Methods One hundred and eighty patents with cerebral hemorrhage,admitted to our hospital from May 2014 to June 2015,were enrolled as ICH group,and 100 normal subjects were chosen as control group.ApoAI gene polymorphisms and related serum lipid parameters of the patients between the two groups were compared.Results The frequency of ApoA I gene polymorphism rs 12721026 alleles G and T in the ICH group showed no significant difference as compared with that in the control group (P＞0.05).The total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels in the ICH group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05),and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level in the ICH group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05);There was no statistically significant difference on the low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),ApoAI and lipopolysaccharide (Lp) levels between the ICH group and control group (P＞0.05).In the ICH group,the TC,TG,LDL-C,ApoAI and Lp levels showed no significant difference between TT and GG/TG rs12721026 genotypes (P＞0.05);HDL-C level ofTT genotype was significantly lower than that of GG/TG genotype (P＜0.05).Conclusion ApoAI gene rs12721026 polymorphism shows no obvious role in the pathogenesis of cerebral hemorrhage,but may be associated with reduced HDL-C level.

Objective:To investigate the associations between small diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) hyperintensities lesions and total cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) burden and the influence on prognosis in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).Methods:Consecutive patients with acute spontaneous ICH from January 2018 to June 2021 were recruited in the Stroke Center of Zhengzhou People′s Hospital. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to quantify DWI hyperintensities lesions and cSVD imaging markers, including white matter hyperintensities, enlarged perivascular spaces, lacunes and cerebral microbleeds, which were calculated for the total cSVD burden (0-4 points). The prognosis was assessed with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge and 90-day. Multivariable Logistic regression models were adopted to explore the associations between DWI lesions and total cSVD burden and clinical outcome.Results:Of 283 included patients, 59 (20.8%) had small DWI lesions, 32 (11.3%) had multiple lesions. They were mostly punctate, mainly located in the cortical and subcortical regions, and scattered in multiple vascular territories. With the increase of cSVD burden, the number of DWI lesions gradually increased. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the total cSVD burden was positively correlated with the number of DWI lesions ( r=0.21, P<0.001). In multivariable regression analyses, the total cSVD burden was independently associated with DWI lesions ( OR=1.63, 95% CI 1.23-2.15, P=0.001). The 90-day poor outcome (mRS scores≥4) in patients with DWI lesions was significantly higher than those without DWI lesions (39.3% vs 16.3%, χ 2=14.38, P<0.001), while there was no statistically significant difference in the poor outcome of discharge between the two groups (26.5% vs 17.7%, χ 2=3.06, P=0.080). With the increase in the number of DWI lesions, the 90-day poor outcome increased significantly (trend chi-squared test χ 2=11.50, P=0.001). Multivariable analyses showed that DWI lesions ( OR=4.39, 95% CI 1.92-10.03, P<0.001) and their number ( OR=1.42, 95% CI 1.06-1.90, P=0.018) were independently associated with the 90-day poor outcome. Conclusions:Higher total cSVD burden is an independent risk factor for small DWI lesions in patients with ICH. Small DWI lesions were independently associated with the 90-day poor outcome, but not with the discharge outcome.

【Objective】 To confirm Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections and identify infection status by excluding false positive in blood donors reactive to nucleic acid testing (NAT) but without serological markers (Seroneg-NAT). 【Methods】 Seroneg-NAT yields were selected among blood donors in Dalian Blood Center from November 1, 2010 to February 28, 2021, and their HBV DNA was further confirmed with TaqMan HBV DNA quantification or virions concentration by polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation combined with in-house nested PCR targeting the S, BCP, PreS/S and Precore/core regions of the viral genome, and follow-up test was carried out, including blood routine screening and HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc testing. HBV infection was confirmed by HBV DNA yielding and anti-HBs/anti-HBc seroconversion in follow-up testing, and HBV DNA was further sequenced if necessary. 【Results】 During the period of 10 years and 4 months, 0.03% (126/466 911) Seroneg-NAT yields were selected, of which 46.8% (59/126) were HBV DNA+ and 53.2% (67/126) were unconfirmed. Among 126 Seroneg-NAT yields, 40.5% (51/126) were involved in follow-up test, of which 28 were HBV DNA+ and 23 were unconfirmed. HBV infections were confirmed in 48% (60/126) of Seroneg-NAT yields. Of follow-up donors, 54.9% (28/51) were identified as early infection before seroconversion, 2.0% (1/51) seronegative occult HBV infection (OBI), and 37.3% (19/51) NAT false positive. There were still 5.9% (3/51) classified as the indetermination. 【Conclusion】 Nearly half Seroneg-NAT yields in Dalian blood donors were infected with HBV and more than 50% were early infections before seroconversion. The majority of HBV DNA unconfirmed without serological markers were false positives.