Objective To investigate the application value of transcystic choledochoscopy combined with holmium laser for common bile duct stones . Methods Clinical data of 16 patients with common bile duct stones who underwent transcystic choledochoscopy and holmium laser cholelithotripsy between March 2012 and December 2013 in this hospital were retrospectively analyzed.During holmium laser cholelithotripsy (1.0 J/10 Hz, 400 μm fiber), the stones were fragmented under direct vision of choledochoscopy and were extracted by using water flushing or a stone basket . Results The stones were successfully removed in 15 patients, including 6 cases of laparoscopic operation and 9 cases of open operation .The operation time was (132 ±27) min for open surgery and (156 ±33) min for laparoscopic surgery .The stone fragment and removal time was (30.2 ±8.5) min for open surgery and (45.6 ±10.4) min for laparoscopic surgery .The hospital stay was (9.7 ±1.4) d.There was 1 case of failed cholelithotripsy due to obstructed water flow and blurry vision .Follow-up examinations in 14 cases for 2-24 months found no recurrence of stones or biliary strictures. Conclusion Transcystic choledochoscopy and holmium laser cholelithotripsy is intuitive , accurate, and effective, being a safe and reliable alternative for choledocholithiasis .

Objective To review the relationship between the expression levels of bcl-2,bax and bad gene and other biological factors of breast cancer in the growth and development of breast cancer.Methods Related literatures were summarized and reviewed.Results The expression level change of antiapoptosis gene bcl-2 was still under research and the expression levels of apoptosis gene bax and bad were down-regulated progressively in the evolution from benign breast tissue to breast cancer tissue.The expression level of bcl-2 had positive correlation with some positive factors in breast cancer such as estrogen receptor(ER) and progesterone receptor(PR),while it had negative correlation with some negative factors such as p53,EGFR,c-erbB-2 and lymph node metastasis.The levels of ER,PR and the expression level of p53 of breast cancer had no relationship with the expression level of bax.Up to now there was no report about the relationship between the expression level of bad and other biological factors of breast cancer.Conclusion The role of altered expression level of bcl-2,in the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer is still controversial,and the relationship between the expression of bad and the prognosis of breast cancer is still unknown,but expression level of bax is correlated positively with the prognosis of breast cancer.Research on these genes can provide us some new index to evaluate the prognosis of breast cancer and new ideas on treatment of breast cancer including gene therapy.

Objective To investigate the degradation rate of profenofos in soil. Methods The residues of profenofos at different times after spraying on soil were determined by GC-FPD method. Results Detection limit of profenofos in soil was 0.04 mg/kg. The recovery rates and relative standard deviation obtained by adding standard assay were 95.2%～98.7% and 3.4%～4.5% respectively. According to the dose recommended, degradation of profenofos sprayed on soil was consistent with one range dynamics. The half-life of profenofos in soil was 1.09 days. At the 13th day after spraying on soil, 98.3% of profenofos had degraded. Conclusion This method was simple, rapid, accurate and precise. The degradation of profenofos was more rapid and profenofos contamination in soil was not a serious problem.

The principle, basis, necessity and significance of formulating the local standard of Microtu fortis as a laboratory animal were described in this paper, and the standard was compared with the relationship between this standard of Microtu fortis as laboratory animal and the existing laws, regulations of other standards of laboratory animals.The specific procedures and the degree of adoption of domestic standards and advanced foreign standards were introduced.Furthermore, the proposal and the reasons of recommendatory standards were presented.

Objective To investigate the changes and its clinical significance of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level and plasma tissue plasminogen activator( t-PA ) level in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Methods 99 aMCI patients (aMCI group) and 99 matched normal controls (NC group) were recruited for the present study. Multi-dimension neuropsychologic tests were used to extensively assess cognitive function of subjects. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to measure serum BDNF level and plasma t-PA level. The correlation analysis between serum BDNF level and plasma t-PA level tested by ELISA and cognitive function were also made. Results (1) The results neuropsychologic tests in aMCI guoup were significantly lower than those in NC group (all P

Objective To evaluate the effect of procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoid(PPH)for the treatment of prolapsed internal hemorrhoids. Methods 23 patients with the third or fourth degree circular prolapsed internal hemorrhoids were managed by means of PPH. Results The mean operative time was 22 minutes,and hospital stay was 3.5 days after operation.Pain in 48 hours after operation was evaluated and 18 cases had no pain(78 3%),5 cases less pain(21 7%).The anastomoses healed in (4～5) weeks and there was no recurrence in (1～6) months after the patients were discharged from hospital. Conslusions Compared with the traditional operation,PPH has the advantages of simpleness,less pain,less complications and quiker recovery,but the cost is higher.

AIM: To provide scientific references for leeches by means of the antithrombin,antitrypsin and antichymotrypsin activities of the four kinds of leeches. METHODS: Using antithrombin,antitrypsin and antichymotrypsin activity analysis methods,the four kinds of leeches,they were,Whitmania pigra Whitman,Hirudo nipponia Whitman,Hirudo medicinalis Linnaeus,Hirudinaria manillensis Lesson,were detected. RESULTS: The blood-sucking leeches except whitnania pigra whitman had high antithrombin activity,and these four kinds of leeches were the same antitrypsin and antichymotrypsin activities. CONCLUSION: These three biological activity methods could be considered as reliable indexes in assessing the qualitity of leeches.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a potentially blinding retinal vascular disease that occurs in premature infants and low birth weight infants.Along with the development of perinatal medicine,the incidence of ROP has increased.If infants with ROP could get treatment in time,the disability rate due to ROP would significantly reduce.Now,the present situation and advances in treatment of ROP were reviewed.

Objective To develop an anatomically based method of accurate pedicle screw insertion for cervical spine fixation. Methods Forty adult cervical spine were mounted onto a specially designed jig. Parameters including height, width, length, and axis angulation of pedicles,depth of lateral fovea, height of superior posterior border of arcus vertebrae and angles of posterior articular prominance as well were mea sured with vernier calibre or goniometer either directly or radiographically. Results Lateral fovea did exist in all C2-C7 vertebrea. The pedicles of the cervical spine were wide and long enough to accept 28 mm long 3.5 mm screws. The abduction angle of the screw was 20? at the C1 level, 25? superiorly and 44? inferiorly at the C2 level, 45? to 47? from level C3 to C5, and 40? from level C6 to C7. The angle of posterior plane of articular mass was minus 2.30? at C3,it was 2.32? to 2.42? from level C4 to C6, and it was 15.22? at C7. The stability of cervical spine fixation and neurological improvement were satisfactory. Conclusion Transpedic ular screw fixation for the cervical spine is practicable. Anatomical symbol of the superior posterior border of the arcus vertebrae and the posterior plane of articular mass and the lateral fovea is easy to be exposed and identified in the operation. Transpedicular screw can be precisely inserted easily and safely for the cervical spine fixation with limited exposure and without using fluoroscopic guidance.

[Objective]To compare the difference between single and double balloon kyphoplasty to treat osteoporotic vertebral body.[Method]Twenty osteoporotic vertebral bodies were harvested from 10 embalmed cadavers,alternatingly assigned to either the single and double group.All vertebraes were compressed by 25% of their initial height using materials testing machine to create vertebral compression fractures and determine their augmented strength and stiffness before and after injecting the cement.Precompression,postcompression and posttreatment height of vertebrae were measured.[Result]Both treatments resulted in significantly stronger vertebral bodies relative to their initial state(P