Objective To evaluate clinical and endoscopic characteristics of ischemic colitis (IC), and to explore the methods for the early diagnosis of IC. Methods Thirty six patients diagnosed as IC in Hua dong Hospital from June 1975 to December 2000 were reviewed. All patients underwent colonoscopy with biopsy within 5 days of symptoms, and repeated the exam in 2 weeks to 2 months. Results Of the 36 cases (12 men and 24 women, average age 60.5 years old, range 35 84), 31 were over 50 years of age. IC usually presented with sudden onset of left lower quadrant abdominal pain, diarrhea and hematochezia. Patients' ischemic lesions were most often on the left colon. It consisted transient or reversible colitis in 30 cases, stricture colitis in 5 cases and gangrene colitis in only 1 case. Morphologic changes varied with the duration and severity of the injury. Conclusion Colonoscopy with biopsy is the main method for the diagnosis of IC. It should be performed in the early stage of the onset of symptoms.

AIM: To explore the effects of glucocorticoids on fracture healing in a rat model of tibial fracture. METHODS: Sixty three months old female SD rats were divided into control and glucocorticoid-treated group. A glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis model was established by intramuscular injection of prednisolone acetate (5 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) for 3 weeks), in which the tibial was osteotomized by a wire saw as fracture healing model and internal fixed with a Kirschner pin. The rats were scarified at different time points after operation. The callus formation was monitored over a period of 6 weeks by histological method, bone mineral density (BMD) detection and biomechanical examination. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of type II collagen. RESULTS: A glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis model was successfully established and conformed by BMD measurement. The formation of primary callus was observed in both groups 3 days after fracture. At 2 weeks after injury, the glucocorticoid-treated group had a lower BMD and less cartilage matrix as compared to control group. An increase in bone callus and chondrogenesis was observed at 4 to 6 weeks after fracture in glucocorticoid-treated group as compared to control group. The expression of type II collagen was delayed in glucocorticoid-treated group. Biomechanical measurement showed that the actual maximum load was increased by 35.8% in control group as compared to glucocorticoid-treated group at 6th week. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that chondrogenesis and transformation from cartilage callus to bony callus are delayed by glucocorticoids. The retardation of collagen Ⅱ production may be the reason for the inhibition of fracture healing.

High density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C) has received extensive attention because of its cardiovascular protective effects.Recent studies showed that HDL could promote reverse cholesterol transport ( RCT ) , be anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, and induce angiogenesis. Apolipoptrotein A-I (apoA-I), the most abundant protein of HDL, plays a pivotal role in the HDL mediated-functional activities.Short peptides based on the amphiphilic alpha helix structure of apoA-I have been designed and aimed at imitating the function of apoA-I.The function and metabolism of these mimetic peptides depend on their amino acids component and sequence , and have been proved to exert protection in against cardiovascular disease , infection, inflammation and oxidative damage, metabolic syndrome and tumor.Clinical trials confirmed their benefits, but high cost put them out of the practical applications..

Objective To evaluate the effect of colonoscopy with a transparent hood on the adenoma detection rate.Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was performed.A total of 376 patients,who underwent colonoscopy for screening colorectal polyps,were randomly allocated to 2 groups:transparent hood group (TH group,n =190) and conventional colonoscopy group (CC group,n =186).Only one endoscopist performed all the colonoscopy examinations,recorded the withdrawal time,bowel preparation status,the number,shape,location,size of adenoma when withdrawing the endoscope.All the adenoma were removed under the colonoscopy.The pathological results were recorded,and the data and relative factors were analysed.Results A total of 317 adenomas were detected in 175 patients:172 adenomas in 99 patients of TH group,145 adenomas in 76 patients of CC group.Total ADR was 46.54％.ADR of TH group was 52.11％ and ADR of CC group was 40.86％ (P =0.029).A total of 40 adenomas were found behind the fold,32 in TH group and 8 in CC group(P ＜ 0.01).In cecum and transverse colon,there were more adenomas in TH group than in CC group.In cecum,there were 23 adenomas found in TH group,6 adenomas in CC group(P ＜0.05).In transverse colon,there were 46 adenomas in TH group,25 adenomas in CC group (P ＜ 0.05).In descending colon and rectum,there were more adenomas in CC group than in TH group.In descending colon,there were 16 adenomas TH group,and 30 adenomas in CC group.In rectum,there were 14 adenomas in TH group,24 adenomas in CC group(P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in size or shape of adenomas found between two groups.Conclusion Colonoscopy with transparent hood for screening can increase the adenoma detection rate,especially the adenoma behind the fold.

Chinese materia medica (CMM) plays an important role both in the disease prevention and therapy system and also in natural drug screening. Biotechnology exhibits applicable prospects in modern research of CMM with progress of natural science and technologies. Amplification fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), random amplification polymorphism of DNA (RAPD), and microsatellite DNA have been used to discriminate and breed herbal varieties. Genetic transformation and techniques of tissue and cell culture are explored to protect herbal resouces and to produce active components or parts on a commercial scale. High throughput technologies of proteome and biochip are expected to probe molecular targets and routes of CMM with the changes of proteome and gene expression. The results can be helpful to novel drug development and secondary exploitation, so as to promote the modernization process of CMM.

Objective To evaluate the clinical and endoscopic features of ulcerative colitis(UC). Methods The cases of UC were collected from 1975 to 2001. According to the diagnostic criteria of Chengdu conference, 486 and 490 patients were diagnosed as UC in our hospital from 1975 to 1994 and from 1995 to 2001 respectively. Their records were retrieved and the data were analyzed for sex, age, presentation, the course of the illness and lesion range. Results In the two groups from 1975 to 1994 and from 1995 to 2001, the proportion of patients diagnosed as UC under colonoscopy was increased from 3.51% to 4.44%. The ratio of male to female was 1.67 and 1.25 respectively. The mean age at the diagnosis increased from 42.4 years old to 51.5 years old, and the peak age was between 30 and 49 years old, between 40 and 49 years old and greater than 60 years old respectively. The typical clinical manifestations of UC were bloody mucopurulent stool, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Proctosigmoiditis or proctitis was found in 269 patients (55.4%) and 316(64.5%), left side colitis in 84(17.3%) and 68(13.9%), pancoltitis in 58( 11.9% ) and 70(14.3%) respectively. In the two groups, there were 437( 89.9% ) and 443(90.4%) patients who had the course of less than 10 years respectively. The definitive diagnosis of UC was dependent on biopsy. Conclusions The lesions of UC are commonly located in the left side colon, the course of UC is short, the age of onset is relatively high in the middle and old aged group, and the prevalence of both malignancy and complications is low. Colonoscopy with biopsy is considered to be the major means for the diagnosis of UC.

ObjectiveTo assess the diagnostic value of EUS for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.MethodsClinical data of 26 patients with final diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors,who had underwent EUS and EUS-FNA,were retrospectively analyzed.Results On EUS,pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors presented as hypoechoic masses with clear margins and rich blood flow.Of the 26 pancreatic lesions,3 were in the head,2 in unicate process,2 in neck,11 in body and 8 in tail.The tumors presented with function in 16 ( mean size 9 mm),and on function in 10 ( mean size 29 mm).EUS-FNA yeilded positive results in 22 patients and negative in 4.The accuracy rate of EUS for preoperative localization was 100％ in 23 patients who underwent surgery.ConclusionEUS can provide accurate preoperative localization and pathologic evidence for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Objective To improve the knowledge of intestinal Behcet's disease.Methods From October 2012 to January 2014,36 patients with intestinal Behcet's disease were collected.The general information of the patients,manifestation of Behcet's disease,digestive symptoms,lab findings,imaging findings,endoscopic examination results,treatment and prognosis of Behcet's disease were analyzed.Chi square test and Fisher exact probability test were performed for count data analysis.Single factor and multi factors of efficacy were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis.Results Among 36 patients with Behcet's disease (male 19 and female 17),the mean onset age was 26.5 years old and the average course of disease was (8.2±6.8) years.Symptoms of digestive system of 91.7％ (33/36) patients showed up later than system manifestations of Behcet's disease appeared.All 36 patients had oral ulcer.The rates of genital ulcers,skin diseases,inflammation and joint disease were 63.9％ (23/36),58.3％ (21/36),25.0％ (9/36) and 25.0％ (9/36),respectively.The main symptoms of digestive system were abdominal pain,diarrhea,bloating and hemafecia,of which abdominal pain was the predominant symptom and the incidence rate was 75.0％ (27/36).Gastrointestinal bleeding,intestinal perforation,intestinal obstruction and arteriovenous fistula were the common complications of Behcet's disease and the incidence rates were 36.1％ (13/36),2.8％ (1/36),2.8％ (1/36) and 2.8％ (1/36),respectively.Among patients with ocular lesions,male patients were more than female patients (male six and female three),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =0.111,P＜0.05).Erythrocyte sedimentation rate increased in 55.6％ (20/36) patients.C-reactive protein was positive in 27.8％ (10/36) patients.Nine patients received computed tomography (CT) examination,there were five cases with thickened bowel wall and one case with proliferative lesions at ileocecal valve.Ileocecum was the predilection site,and accounted for 36.1％ of the disease (13/36).Endoscopic appearance was mainly ulcers.Pathological examination indicated non-specific acute and chronic gastrointestinal mucosal inflammation and the formation of inflammatory granulation tissue.Twerty-two patients received sulfasalazine (SASP) treatment and 24 patients accepted glucocorticoid therapy.After Behcet's disease recurrence,five patients received combined immunosuppressive therapy,five patients received immunosuppressive therapy and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist treatment,and nine patients received TNF antagonist treatment.All the patients treated together with proton pump inhibitor (PPI).Twelve patients without glucocorticoid treatment took thalidomide and immunosuppressive therapy.The efficacy was good in patients with immunosuppressive therapy or TNF antagonist treatment and the recurrence rate was low (r=3.984,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Most patients with intestinal Behcet' s disease are young adults.Symptoms of digestive system show up later than system manifestations of Behcet's disease appeared.Ileocecum is the predilection site of digestive system.The common endoscopic appearance is ulcers.Corticosteroids and sulfasalazine are the main therapy,which could be much more effective when combined with tumor necrosis factor antagonists or immunosuppressive therapy.

Objective To assess the therapeutic effect of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on osteoporotic fracture healing .Methods Bone marrow of the rat bilateral femur and tibia bone tissue were collected ,and BMSCs were isolated by the whole bone marrow adherence method .Sixty female 11‐week‐old SD rats were ovariectomized (OVX) to induce osteoporosis followed by bilateral fracture generation .Twenty rats were left without giving any further treatment (OVX controls) ,20 received injection of saline (OVX+placebo control) and 20 were given injection of BMSCs (OVX+BMSCs) .X‐ray scan was performed at 3‐day ,4‐week and 8‐week post‐fracture ,respectively .Results Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the isolated BMSCs express sur‐face antigens similar to those reported previously .X‐ray results showed that compared with OVX and OVX+placebo groups ,BM‐SCs treatment markedly accelerated fracture healing of in osteoporotic rats .Conclusion Transplantation of BMSCs can effectively improve the healing of primary osteoporotic fracture .