Objective: To study the expression of P-gp and nm23,P53 in multiple primary breast carcinoma tissues and to evaluate the prediction significance in occurrence of the second primary carcinoma. Methods:Expression of P-gp,nm23,P53 in 34 benign and malignant breast paraffin-embedded specimens, the difference of the rate and the intensity of positive reaction of P-gp,nm23,P53 were checked.Results:The positive rate of P53 was significantly increased in malignant breast tissues compared with benign breast tissues,the positive intensity of P53 was significantly increased in multiple breast carcinoma tissues compared with the tissues of no occurrence of breast carcinoma. Conclusion:The expression of P53 may indicate the proliferating activity of carcinoma cell. The positive intensity of expression of P53 can be certain valuable in prediction of the occurrence of second primary carcinoma.

Objective:To study the diagnosis and treatment of the primary malignant breast lymphoma, Methods:Two cases of the primary malignant breast lymphoma were summarized. Results: Two cases were confirmed by frozen section and paraffin section.No signs of recurrence were found in the follow up after treatment.Conclusion: The confirmed diagnosis of primary malignant breast lymphoma depends on histopathology. The survival rate can be improved through proper combined treatmenf related to different clinical stages.

Objective:To observe the ~(99m)Tc-MIBI myocardial perfusion images in patients with myocardial infarction before/ after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI),so as to screen for the reliable predictors for the therapeutic effect of PCI. Methods:Forty-eight patients with myocardial infarction receiving PCI were included in this study.The rest,stress and nitroglycerin myocardial perfusion imaging tests were performed before PCI.The stress and rest myocardial perfusion imaging tests were repeated 1-2 weeks after PCI.The value of(rest ~(99m)Tc-MIBI imaging in myocardial perfusion scores after PCI-stress ~(99m)Tc-MIBI imaging in myocardial perfusion scores before PCD/stress ~(99m)Tc-MIBI imaging in myocardial perfusion scores before PCI was taken as the curative effect of PCI;the value of(rest ~(99m)Tc-MIBI imaging in myocardial perfusion scores before PCI-stress ~(99m)Tc-MIBI imaging in myocardial perfusion scores before PCD/stress ~(99m)Tc-MIBI imaging in myocardial perfusion scores before PCI was taken as the functional viable myocardium;the value of(stress ~(99m)Tc-MIBI imaging in myocardial perfusion scores before PCI-nitroglycer ~(99m)Tc-MIBI imaging in myocardial perfusion scores before PCD/stress ~(99m)Tc-MIBI imaging in myocardial perfusion scores before PCI was taken as potential functional viable myocardium;and the value of(rest ~(99m)Tc-MIBI imaging in myocardial perfusion scores before PCI-nitroglycer ~(99m)Tc-MIBI imaging in myocardial perfusion scores before PCD/rest ~(99m)Tc-MIBI imaging in myocardial perfusion scores before PCI was taken as drug relative viable myocardium. To screen the proper predictors for therapeutic effects,linear correlation analysis was performed between the curative effect of PCI and the latter 3 factors.Results:Stress and rest myocardial perfusion defects were significantly improved after PCI(P

Objective:To study the expression of VEGF in primary breast carcinoma tissues and to evaluate the predictive significance in recurrence of the primary breast carcinoma.Methods:Expression of VEGF in 63 benign and malignant breast paraffin-embedded specimens was determined and the difference in the positive rate and the intensity of positive reaction of VEGF were compared.Results:The positive rate of VEGF was significantly increased in malignant breast tissues compared with benign breast tissues.While the positive intensity of VEGF was significantly increased in tissues with recurrence of the primary breast carcinoma compared with the tissues of no recurrence of breast carcinoma and multiple breast carcinoma.Conclusion:The expression of VEGF may indicate the proliferating activity of carcinoma cell.The positive intensity of expression of VEGF may be valuable in prediction of the recurrence of primary breast carcinoma.

Objective To review the relationship between T helper cell 1/T helper cell 2 (Th1/Th2) shift and tumor recurrence. Methods Literatures on Th1/Th2 shift and tumor recurrence were collected and reviewed. Results Th1/Th2 shift can be detected in the host after therapy of the tumor. Tumor cells escape from host immune surveillance by altering Th1/Th2, which could lead to tumor recurrence. Conclusion Th1/Th2 shift is related to tumor recurrence after therapy. Impelling the reverse of Th2 to Th1 and renewing the balance of T helper cells come out to be a new way for tumor therapy.

Objective To review the relationship between the expression levels of bcl-2,bax and bad gene and other biological factors of breast cancer in the growth and development of breast cancer.Methods Related literatures were summarized and reviewed.Results The expression level change of antiapoptosis gene bcl-2 was still under research and the expression levels of apoptosis gene bax and bad were down-regulated progressively in the evolution from benign breast tissue to breast cancer tissue.The expression level of bcl-2 had positive correlation with some positive factors in breast cancer such as estrogen receptor(ER) and progesterone receptor(PR),while it had negative correlation with some negative factors such as p53,EGFR,c-erbB-2 and lymph node metastasis.The levels of ER,PR and the expression level of p53 of breast cancer had no relationship with the expression level of bax.Up to now there was no report about the relationship between the expression level of bad and other biological factors of breast cancer.Conclusion The role of altered expression level of bcl-2,in the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer is still controversial,and the relationship between the expression of bad and the prognosis of breast cancer is still unknown,but expression level of bax is correlated positively with the prognosis of breast cancer.Research on these genes can provide us some new index to evaluate the prognosis of breast cancer and new ideas on treatment of breast cancer including gene therapy.

Objective To explore the possibility of dynamic pulse pressure (DPP) being used to predict cardiovascular events in old men with normotension. Methods During May 1995 to September 2001, a 24h DPP monitoring was carried out on 858 old men with normotension (60-91 years old, BP60 mmHg, respectively. The first attack of cardiovascular event was recorded. Results In the 3 groups of subjects, the incidence of total cardiovascular events (100 persons per year) was 3.7, 5.8, and 9.1 respectively (log-rank test, P=0.000 9, 0.000 2, 0.000 0). After adjustment for the other risk factors including age, hypertension history, diabetes and previous cardiovascular disease, it has been found that the data of dynamic pulse pressure is of a significant value for predict cardiovascular events (P

Objective To perform the sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in the patients with early breast cancer by the strict screening conditions and to analyze the accuracy of the sentinel lymph node for predicting the axillary lymph node status .Methods SLNB combined with methylene blue dye and isotope was performed in 266 cases of early breast cancer treated in this department with full treatment courses .Then the axillary lymph node dissection(ALND) was routinely conducted .With the pathological ex-amination as the standard ,the related factors affecting SLNB were analyzed .Results The detection rate of SLN ,accuracy rate ,sen-sitivity and the false negative rate were 100% ,98 .5% ,95 .56% and 4 .44% respectively ;the accuracy of SLN was significantly cor-related with the tumor size ,pathological type and axillary lymph node status(P<0 .01);the false negative rate of SLN was related with the tumor location(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The combination of methylene blue dye and isotope used in SLNB is feasible in the patients with early breast cancer ,SLN could accurately predict the axillary lymph node metastasis status .

Objective To investigate the mechanism of chaos during ventricular fibrillation(VF)after acute myocardial infarction(AMI)and observe the property of nonlinear dynamics of VF in order to provide clinical doctors with theory evidences to prevent VF after AMI.Methods From Jun.2003 to Dec.2005,we made the acute myocardial infacrtion model and induced VF of canine in vivo by using rapid pacing,and recorded the cardiac electrophysiological parameters by using 64-trains multi-polar epicardial-mapping electrocardiogram system to observe the change of the cycle length(CL)of ventricular arrhythmia in the Second Affiliated Hospital of China Medical Univercity.Results The pacing interval of VF in acute ischemia myocardium had been significantly increased; the cycle length(CL)showed the spatiotemporal complexity,such as period doubling bifurcation and quasiperiodicity and its Poincar'e plots formed a ring-like structure meaning nonlinear dynamics property during VF.Conclusion The liminal value of VF has been significantly increased during acute myocardial infarction.VF is induced by system come-into period doubling bifurcation,quasiperiodicity and chaos.

Seminar is an effcient teaching method in cultivation of independent thinking and research ability of residents of obstetric and gynecology.On the basis of introducing the concept of seminar,this paper discusses the application and significance of seminar in standardized training of residents.Seminar teaching can develop the capabilities of each resident to probe into and study some new things by themselves.The wide applications of this method also help to improve the abilities of the residents to understand the theoretical knowledge of gynecology and to elevate their comprehensive competence.