Aim To investigate the relationship between spinal cord noradrenergic neurons ? 1 adrenoceptors and the spinal analgesia of ketamine. Methods Kunming mice were used. Analgesia tests were investigated with warm water tail flick test. The effects of intrathecal injection (ith) of ketamine (50,100,200 ?g)on tail flick latency of animals were observed. And the effect of pretreatment with intrathecal 6 hydrodoapa(6 OHDA, 6?g ) and ? 1 adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin (5, 15 ?g) or terazosin (5, 15 ?g) , respectively on the spinal analgesia of ketamine (100 ?g,ith) was studied. Results Dose dependent analgesia was observed following ith ketamine (100,200 ?g, P

The exon 1 of the human androgen receptor gene contains CAG(polyglutamine) repeat length polymorphism. The CAG repeat sequence is closely relevant to many diseases. In this article, we reviewed the relationship between androgen receptor gene(CAG)n polymorphism anti primary liver cancer.

Macrophages,as an important member of innate immune system,constitute a major component of the microenvironment of tumours,and play an important role in the occurrence and development of tumor.According to particular phenotypes and functions,macrophages can be divided into M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages.In the research of breast cancer,lung cancer,gynecological malignancies,researchers have found that tumor-associated macrophage has the similar phenotype and function of M2 macrophages.Tumor-associated macrophage can promote the formation of new blood vessels and lymphatic vessels in tumor tissue,thus contributing to the occurrence and development of tumor.The relation between tumor-associated macrophage and poor prognosis was also be found.The tumor microenvironment can affect the phenotype and function of macrophages,such as TGF,IL-10 and PGE-2.This paper reviewed the role and mechanism of macrophages in the tumorigenesis.

BACKGROUND: Vascular injuries to the extremities are frequently concomitant with vascular defects. Vascular transplantation repair can induce infection and vascular occlusion, etc.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the outcome of vascular reconstitution in 44 patients with vascular injuries of the extremities undergoing vascular transplantation.DESIGN: A retrospective case analysis.SETTING: Department of Vascular Surgery and Department of Orthopaedics of Hospital Affiliated to Jinhua College of Profession and Technology.PARTICIPANTS: Forty-four patients with vascular injuries to the extremities undergoing autologous and artificial vascular transplantation were selected at the Department of Vascular Surgery and Department of Orthopaedics of Hospital Affiliated to Jinhua College of Profession and Technology from April 1994 to October 2003. There were 29 patients with open injury and 15 patients with closed injury.METHODS: A total of 52 blood vessels were transplanted into 44 patients, including 42 blood vessels in autologous vein transplantation (35 blood vessels in great saphenous vein transplantation by end-to-end anastomosis, 5 blood vessels in small saphenous vein transplantation by end-to-end anastomosis and 2 blood vessels in superficial femoral vein and popliteal vein transplantation) and 10 blood vessels in artificial and trimming vascular transplantation by interrupted suture technique in end-to-end anastomosis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcomes of autologous and artificial vascular transplantation.RESULTS: Three patients received amputated extremity. Six patients developed ischemic contracture. Seven patients developed imperfect recovery of nerve function. In other patients, blood flow in the graft was satisfactory, and there was good condition of blood circulation at the distal extremities.CONCLUSION: Autologous vein is the first choice in vascular transplantation, and prosthetic material is another choice when necessary. It is important to prevent the occurrence of complication after transplantation such as vascular infection.

Objective To investigate the hemostatic effect and influence on coagulation function of hemecongulase during neurosurgical operation.Methods Sixty patients with neurosurgical trauma at American statistical association(ASA) Ⅰ-Ⅱ were randomly divided into hemocoagnlase treatment group (n =30) and control group(n =30).Both two group were injected Baquting 2U at the day before the operation,30 min before the operation,every two day after the operation and end up 3 d.Treatment group were pedormed with Baqyting 4 U + physiological saline 10 ml topical spraying.The intelligibility of operating region,the volume of intraoperative,the volume of bleeding during the operation,transfusion of blood,postoperative drainage,and drainage tube exelcymosis time were recorded in all the patients.Prothrombin time (PT),activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT),fibrinogen level(FIB),fibrinogen degradation product(FDP) and the two D-dimer and platelet count(PLT) before and after the surgery were also determined.All the patients were postoperatively followed up.Results The intelligibility of operating region was 70.0％ (21/30) in the hemocoagnlase treatment group,higher than that in control group (0％,P ＜0.05).The volume of bleeding during the operation in the hemecoagulase treatment group was (680.00 ± 95.22) ml,significantly fewer than that in the control group((790.00 ±47.00) ml,P =0.034).PLT significantly decreased after the surgery in both of the groups compare to that in preoperation (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01) and no significant difference was seen between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).No severe adverse events were found in both groups.Conclusion Hemocoagulase treatment during the operation can improve the intelligibility of operating region,reduce the volume of bleeding and transfusion of blood,and do not affect the coagulation function in the patients.Therefore,hemocoagulase is a safe and effective hemostatic and through local application during the operation it can improve curative effect.

Objective To investigate the effect on ER expression in MCF-7 cell by siRNA against survivin mediated by adenovirus vector.Methods An adenovirus vector of siRNA against survivin was constructed and used to infect MCF-7 cell.The change of expression of survivin and ER was detected by Western Blot.Results The expression strength of survivin are 0.09 ± 0.04、0.86 ± 0.08、0.82 ± 0.17;expression strength of ER are 1.57 ± 0.09、1.16 ± 0.10、1.23 ± 0.01 respectively in the experimental group,negative control group and blank control group.Statistics analysis shows that the adenovirus vector of siRNA against survivin constructed in the study can suppress the expression of survivin significantly,and suppress the expression of survivin can up-regulate the estrogen receptor (ER) expression.Conclusions The results suggest that there may be a certain regulatory mechanism between survivin and ER signal pathway in MCF-7 cell and siRNA against survivin is of important potential value in the endocrine therapy of hormone receptor positive breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the expression of GRP78 in breast cancer,the relationships among the expression and the clinicopathological characteristics,prognosis were also investigated.Methods The expression of GRP78 was detected in 172 paraffin-embedded breast cancer samples with immunohistochemistry Envision method,the relationships among the expression and the clinicopathological characteristics,prognosis were investigated.Results Positive expression of GRP78 is common in breast cancer.Strong expression of GRP78 was detected in 71 cases (41.28％),and weak expression was detected in 101 cases (58.72％).GRP78 expression wasn't associated with the clinicopathological characterristics except T stage and Her-2 status.Univariate analysis (log-rank test) showed that GRP78 expression correlated with disease free survival and overall survival significantly.Patients with strong GRP78 expression had poorer prognosis compared to those with weak GRP78 expression(P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate analysis utilizing Cox regression analysis showed that GRP78 is an independent biomarker of disease free survival (P ＜ 0.05),but not an independent biomarker of overall survival (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Positive expression of GRP78 is common in breast cancer and strong expression is associated with poorer survival.

Metastatic encephaloma from lung carcinoma is one of the nost common intracranial tumors,which is paid to more and more attentions in Neurosurgery.Patients with metastatic neoplasm suffer great physiological and psychological pain for short survival time and survival of poor quality.In terms of treatment,surgery is the major method for metastatic encephaloma of lung cancer.But the subject range of surgery is limited to many factors,therefore many patients can not be treated with surgery.In order to solve the issue of applicability restriction,diversified adjuvant treatment strategies appear successively,such as chemotherapy,targeted therapy,immunotherapy.It has been verified by a number of clinical evidences that these therapies can prolong lifetime and improve living quality of patients.But at the present stage,there is no an uniform standard for the treatment of metastatic encephaloma from lung carcinoma.To give full play the role of each treatment,it is important to understand the advantages and disadvantages.Only in this way,can the patient's interests be optimized.

Objective To observe the expression of novel URB gene in the differentiation display of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and the effects of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and pioglitazone (PIO) on URB mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes at different times. Method The 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with IL-6 and PIO under different concentration and different time phase, and real-time fluorescence monitoring RT-PCR was conducted to measure the URB mRNA level. Fat droplets were verified by oil red O staining. Results 1. URB mRNA level was increased gradually in the whole differentiation process. 2. The expression levels of URB mRNA was decreased along with the treatment of IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes. 3. PIO increased the level of URB mRNA in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and the reducing effect of IL-6 on URB mRNA could be corrected by PIO. Conclusion URB may be an important adipocytokin which affects energy metabolism and may work as a pharmacological gene target in the future.

BACKGROUND: Since there are only cell axons of neurons in peripheral cells, the study on neural stem cells (NSCs) is almost focused on neuronal cells, for which, the study on repair of peripheral nerve may be based on some experiences in NSCs.OBJECTIVE: To observe the repair of peripheral nerve after graft of autologus bone marrow derived NSCs in the injured area. To observe whether the grafted NSCs were survived and migrated in spinal cord as differentiated neurons in the injured area of peripheral nerve or not.DESIGN: Observed controlled experiment was designed.SETTING: Institute of Neurological Medicine of Zhujiang Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical UniversityMATERIALS: Eight New Zealand big white rabbits were employed, of clean grade, mass weighted varied from 1.5 to 2.5 kg and of either sex.METHODS: The experiment was performed in Institute of Neurological Medicine of Zhujiang Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University collected from New Zealand big white rabbits for culture and differentiation was prepared. Sciatic neural injured area of one side was randomized as graft side. Physiological saline, collagen matrix and cellular embedding solution were infused up to 0.01 mL (containing stem cells 1×1010L-1). Another side was taken as the control, in which, collagen matrix suspension 0.01 mL was infused. Peffusion and fixation were followed 3 months after graft and auto-graft was performed in the injured peripheral nerve. The materials were collected for observation from graft area, spinal cord area, injured area on the opposite side and normal neural area.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphology of nerve fibers and neuronal cells in NSC graft area, spinal cord area and non-graft area on opposite injury side.RESULTS: The density and continuity of nerve fibers grown in graft area were higher remarkably than non-graft area on opposite side and more Schwann cells were seen under optic microscope. With amplified ×400 visual field, Ranvier's node of spinal nerve fiber was visible. In addition,mucous matrix and few fibroblasts were seen also in the space of nerve fibers. The survived neuronal cells were no visible in graft area, spinal cord area and non-graft area of sciatic injury on the opposite side.CONCLUSION: Graft of autologus bone-marrow derived neural stem cells in defect area of peripheral area benefits repair of nerve fibers. But the neural stem cells cannot survive as neurons in graft area of peripheral nerve, spinal cord area and the defect control on the opposite side.