Based on the theory of "shaoyang（少阳） resembling the pivot" and collateral diseases， this article proposes that pulmonary fibrosis （PF） can be divided into three stages including wind bi （痹）， constraint bi， and atrophy bi. The core pathogenesis of PF is the obstruction of the pivot and pulmonary collateral obstruction. In terms of treatment， the basic principles are to harmonize and regulate the pivot， and to promote the circulation of the lung collaterals. Depending on the different characteristics of the "essence-attribute-function"， treatment methods such as harmonizing and regulating the pivot， resolving phlegm and removing stasis， supplementing deficiency and harmonizing collaterals are suggested. This approach ensures the regulation of the pivot， smooth circulation of qi and blood， unblocking of the lung collaterals and nourishing the lung body， achieving the goals of balancing the ascending and descending of qi， removing phlegm and stasis， and relieving cough and wheezing.

ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis (hereinafter referred to as brucellosis) in Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, and to provide scientific evidence for adjusting prevention and control strategies. MethodsBased on the surveillance data of reported brucellosis cases in Baoshan City from 2020 to 2023 and the information collected through individual epidemiological questionnaire surveys, the epidemic status and clinical characteristics of brucellosis in Baoshan City were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods. ResultsA total of 85 brucellosis cases were reported in Baoshan City from 2020 to 2023, and detailed individual information was obtained for 83 of them. Brucellosis in Baoshan City showed a clear seasonal pattern, with peak incidence from May to September. The average annual incidence rate was 0.80/100 000, with a male-to-female ratio of 7.5∶1. And 82.35% of the cases aged 30 to 60 years, with farmers being the predominant affected group. The main clinical manifestations of the cases were myalgia and arthralgia. Regarding transmission routes, 87.95% of the cases had a contact history with cattle, with livestock rearing and grazing being the main exposure modes. Most infections occurred at home. ConclusionFrom 2020 to 2023, the incidence of brucellosis in Baoshan City exhibited a fluctuating upward trend, with a peak period from May to September. Males and farmers were identified as the primary affected populations. It is recommended to strengthen livestock surveillance and control, and to enhance both awareness and self-protection capacity among high-risk groups.

ObjectiveTo analyze the incidence and spatiotemporal distribution of typhus fever in Baoshan City, Yunnan Province from 2005 to 2023, to identify high-risk populations and regions, so as to provide a scientific basis for optimizing the allocation of local prevention and control resources and developing targeted intervention measures. MethodsData of typhus fever cases in Baoshan City from 2005 to 2023 were obtained from the Infectious Disease Information Management System of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the temporal, spatial and demographic distribution of typhus fever cases. Spatial clustering was assessed using spatial dynamic window scan statistics (circular and elliptical windows), flexible spatial scan statistics, and local spatial autocorrelation methods (including local Moran’s I, local Geary’s C, and Getis-Ord G_i*). Retrospective spatiotemporal scan statistics were employed to detect spatiotemporal clusters. ResultsA total of 1 099 typhus fever cases were reported in Baoshan City from 2005 to 2023. The incidence rate peaked at 6.31/ 100 000 in 2007, followed by a decline until reaching its lowest level at 0.21/100 000 in 2015 , and subsequently rebounded during 2016‒2023. The highest proportion of cases was among children under 10 years of age (31.12%), and the top three occupations of cases were farmers, students, and children, accounting for 88.62% of all cases. Cases occurred predominantly between June and September each year. The incidence was relatively high in Jiucheng Town (62.58/100 000), Yaoguan Town (57.15/100 000), and Dianyang Town (46.81/100 000) of Shidian County. Spatial clustering analyses indicated that high-risk areas were mainly located in the southern part of Baoshan City, showing a south-to-north trend. Spatiotemporal scan analyses identified five clusters, with the most likely cluster centered around Yaoguan Town, covering ten towns (subdistricts) during the period 2007‒2010. ConclusionThe incidence of typhus fever in Baoshan City exhibits a clear seasonal and spatial clustering pattern, with peak incidence occurring in summer and autumn. Spatially, cases are primarily distributed in the southern part of Baoshan City, and high-risk clusters exhibit a south-to-north trend. Farmers, students, and children are the high-risk groups.

Objective:To analyze the awareness of and factors influencing the adjusted national immunization schedule for the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine among grassroots immunization service personnel in China.Methods:Based on the snowball sampling method from January to February 2025, immunization service personnel from all provinces of China were selected from the "Tingting Experts Talk" WeChat platform, with concurrent dissemination through the "National Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Communication Group" WeChat group. The questionnaire included basic demographic characteristics and knowledge of the DTaP vaccine immunization policy (13 questions in total). Respondents who answered ≥10 questions correctly were defined as being aware of the policy adjustment. The multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors influencing awareness.Results:A total of 8 030 valid questionnaires were collected from 29 provinces, with a valid response rate of 92.91%. The overall awareness accuracy rates among the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) personnel and the point of vaccination (POV) staff were 74.1% and 62.5%, respectively. The awareness rate of the core points of policy adjustment among the research subjects exceeded 90%. Among the questions regarding the operational details of policy implementation, the correct rate of answering questions related to the catch-up vaccination principles was relatively low (37.1%-74.0%). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with those with primary titles, CDC personnel with senior titles had higher mastery of the policy adjustment, with an OR (95% CI) value of 2.238 (1.343-3.730). Compared with those engaged in disease surveillance and immunization strategy research, CDC personnel with other work types had lower awareness of the policy adjustment, with an OR (95% CI) value of 0.404 (0.195-0.833). Compared with those in western regions, with primary titles, and without relevant training, POV staff in central regions, eastern regions, with intermediate titles, with senior titles, with one relevant training session, and with ≥2 relevant training sessions had better awareness of the program adjustment, with OR (95% CI) values of 1.214 (1.085-1.358), 1.412 (1.246-1.600), 1.606 (1.446-1.784), 1.737 (1.443-2.091), 2.254 (1.509-3.366), and 2.674 (1.769-3.981), respectively. Compared with those engaged in information registration/recipient notification, POV staff with vaccination services and other work types had lower awareness of the program adjustment, with OR (95% CI) values of 0.713 (0.633-0.803) and 0.508 (0.427-0.604), respectively. Conclusion:Although grassroots immunization service personnel show an insufficient mastery of certain catch-up vaccination knowledge, they demonstrate a good understanding of overall principles and routine immunization schedules shortly after the policy adjustment, which can effectively ensure an orderly transition between old and new immunization strategies.

The medical mask,which is used as an important tool of preventing the spread of respiratory diseases,can effectively block the transmission of biological aerosols.The detection for the filtration efficiency of bacteria in medical mask is particular importance.The Andersen sampler,is one kind of device that samples microbial aerosols,is widely used in the inspection for the filtration efficiency for bacteria in medical masks.It mainly consists of six impactors with different pore sizes.It simulates the deposition process of the most of particles at different positions in respiratory system through the bacterial particles in biological aerosols impact respectively the surface of petri dishes with agar under different pore sizes.This paper explored the development background,structure and sampling principle,operation and counting procedures of the Andersen sampler,as well as its application and importance in the inspection for the filtration efficiency for bacteria in medical mask.

Objective To investigate the achievement of early fluid resuscitation targets and factors influencing 28-day outcomes in patients with sepsis.Methods A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted.A total of 164 patients with sepsis admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between January 2022 and January 2024 were enrolled.Patients were divided into survival and death groups based on 28-day survival status,with both groups receiving early fluid resuscitation.Comparisons were made between groups for general characteristics[gender,age,body mass index(BMI),infection site,comorbidities],primary indicators[central venous pressure(CVP),mean arterial pressure(MAP),urine output],and secondary indicators[blood lactate acid(Lac),procalcitonin(PCT),heart rate,sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)on intensive care unit(ICU)admission day,Glasgow coma scale(GCS),duration and dose of vasoactive medication use].Univariate analysis identified variables associated with prognosis,followed by multivariate Logistic regression to select independent risk factors.Receiver operator characteristic(ROC curve)were plotted to assess predictive performance of each risk factor for the 28-day prognosis of patients with sepsis.Results This study included 164 patients.The primary infection sites were mainly the lungs,abdominal cavity,and urinary system,accounting for 42.7%(70/164),38.4%(63/164),and 9.1%(15/164)respectively.The survival group comprised 141 patients,while the the death group included 23 patients.No statistically significant differences existed between groups in gender,BMI,infection site(soft tissue infection vs.others),underlying diseases,MAP,urine output(all P>0.05).Compared to the survival group,the death group showed significantly higher age,pulmonary infection rate,Lac levels,vasoactive drug duration/dose,heart rate,and SOFA scores,while the rates of abdominal,and urinary tract infection,as well as CVP,PCT,and GCS scores were significantly lower(all P<0.05).The achievement rates of early fluid resuscitation parameters:MAP target achievement was highest at 78.7%(129/164),followed by urine output compliance at 78.0%(128/164),while CVP compliance was the lowest at 39.0%(64/164).The overall compliance rate was 21.3%(35/164).Univariate analysis showed that age,pulmonary infection,Lac levels,duration and dose of vasoactive drugs,heart rate,PCT,GCS score,and SOFA score were all risk factors affecting the 28-day prognosis of patients with sepsis(all P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed Lac levels,and pulmonary infection were independent risk factors affecting 28-day prognosis of patients with sepsis[odds ratio(OR)were 0.801,3.966,0.812,95%confidence interval(95%CI)were 0.711-0.903,1.149-13.696,0.674-0.979 respectively,P values were<0.001,0.029,0.029 respectively].ROC curve analysis demonstrated that age,Lac levels,and pulmonary infection all possessed predictive value for 28-day outcomes(all P<0.05).Age exhibited the highest predictive value with an AUC of 0.922.At the optimal cut-off of 76.6 years,sensitivity reached 95.7%and specificity 80.9%.Conclusion The overall achievement rate of early fluid resuscation in sepsis patients was low,with age,Lac levels,and pulmonary infection being major factors influencing poor prognosis.

Gastric carcinoma(GC),a highly prevalent malignant tumor globally,often progresses to advanced stages by the time of diagnosis due to its insidious clinical presentation,thereby significantly reducing therapeutic effectiveness and patient quality of life.Accurate screening and histopathological characterization of early gastric cancer(EGC)are essential for developing individualized treatment approaches.Although endoscopic techniques remain the gold standard for early GC detection,their diagnostic accuracy is largely dependent on the operator's skill,a challenge that current artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted innovations aim to address by stan-dardizing diagnostic procedures.Deep learning(DL)-based computer vision systems have demonstrated remarkable performance in identifying subtle EGC features,not only improving lesion detection sensitivity but also enabling automated assessment of key pathological indicators.These technological advances offer objective,visualized diag-nostic support for clinical decision-making.This review provides a systematic overview of recent developments in DL applications for endoscopic image analysis of EGC and evaluates their potential for clinical integration.

Objective:To investigate the recognition advantage of metaphorical micro-counseling dialogue texts in mental health contexts,and to explore a potential explanatory role of insight.Methods:A total of 104 col-lege students,recruited through a network announcement,were randomly assigned to three groups.In the learning phase,participants read negative cognitions paired with metaphorical or literal solutions and rated the insightfulness of each solution.In the recognition phase,previously unseen solutions were intermixed,and participants judged whether each item had been presented before and rated their confidence.Recognition was assessed after 15 minutes(n=37),1 day(n=33),or 7 days(n=34).Reaction time was recorded,and recognition sensitivity and criterion was calculated using signal detection theory.Results:At three intervals,the scores of insightfulness,recognition sen-sitivity,recognition criterion,and recognition confidence of metaphorical solutions were both higher than those of literal solutions(Ps＜0.001),and the recognition reaction time of metaphorical solutions were all shorter than those of literal solutions(P＜0.001).The insightfulness scores of the solutions were positively correlated with the scores of recognition sensitivity,recognition criterion,recognition confidence,and recognition reaction time(β=0.67,0.13,0.18,-0.39).Conclusion:This study suggests that the use of metaphors in mental health contexts may en-hance long-term memory,with insight playing a significant mediating role in this process.

Objective:To investigate the temporal dynamics of strategy monitoring during prospective memory testin individuals with varying degrees of media multitasking.Methods:Twenty heavy media multitaskers and twen-ty light media multitaskers were identified through the media use questionnaire.Using a dual-task paradigm and e-vent-related potential technique,the two groups' accuracy,response time,and the amplitudes of frontal positive components reflecting strategy monitoring were compared across the early,middle,and late stages of the prospective memory test.Results:Heavy media multitaskers exhibited significantly faster response times compared to light media multitaskers(P＜0.001),with no statistical difference in accuracy(P＞0.05).Moreover,the amplitude of frontal positive components in heavy media multitaskers was greater than that in light media multitaskers(P＜0.05)across all three stages,and the amplitude increased gradually with the passing of time in heavy media multi-taskers(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Heavy media multitaskers tend to allocate more cognitive resources to strategic mo-nitoring over time,while light media multitaskers maintain a relatively consistent level of strategic monitoring.

Objective To validate the diagnostic performance and risk stratification ability of an AI-based recognition system(PE-AI)for pulmonary embolism(PE)using computed tomography pulmonary angiography(CTPA)so as to analyze its diagnostic value in clinical practice.Methods A total of 416 patients with suspected PE who underwent CTPA from January 1,2023 to December 10,2023 at our hospital were included in this study.Two junior radiologists and PE-AI separately detected and diagnosed emboli in the collected cases by double-blind method,and recorded the diagnosis time respectively.Three senior radiologists reviewing with clinical follow-up results were used as the gold standard in this study.Diagnostic performance was evaluated by using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis and Delong-t test.For positive cases,the pulmonary artery obstruction index(PAOI)calculated by AI and manually were collected respectively and consistency analysis was performed.Results The area under the curve(AUC)of PE-AI,manual and combined diagnosis was 85.6％,90.8％and 95.1％,respectively,which differed significantly(P＜0.05).The reading time of PE-AI[(0.16±0.07)min]was significantly lower than the time of manual[(4.42±1.85)min,P＜0.001]and combined diagnosis[(4.58±1.84)min,P＜0.001].The PAOI measured by PE-AI and manually had high consistency(intraclass correlation efficient,ICC=0.80)in the subgroup analysis of confirmed cases.Conclusion AI can quickly identify pulmonary artery emboli in a short time and assist radiologists to improve diagnostic efficiency.At the same time,through the intelligent detection of PAOI,it is helpful for the risk stratification of patients with PE and optimizing the diagnosis and treatment pathway for pulmonary embolism.