In China, the evaluation of hemocompatibility of biomaterials is limited to hemolysis, coagulation time,and the number and morphology of platelets adhered on biomaterials. The present research, however, is aimed to establish a method for evaluating the function of sheet biomaterials in platelet activation. Platelet activation caused by glass, polyvinyl chloride or polymethylvinylsiloxane sheets was evaluated by measuring alpha-granule membrane protein (GMP-140) in platelet poor plasma, using a reasonable blood-material contact model vibrating at different speed. The result showed that the difference in platelet activation was not significantly different among the three above-mentioned materials at 140r/m or 200r/m. However, when it comes to 230r/m, significant difference was observed among these three groups, with glass > polyvinyl chloride > polymethylvinylsiloxane. But the order was reversed at 270r/m, which may be due to the different interfacial tension of different materials. Therefore, the method is suitable to evaluate platelet activation caused by sheet biomaterials, but an appropriate vibrating speed should be chosen. The interfacial tension plays an important role in the model and should be considered for results assessment.
Biocompatible Materials ; Humans ; Materials Testing ; methods ; Platelet Activation ; Surface Properties

OBJECTIVES: To achieve the ambitious goal of eliminating schistosome infections, the Chinese government has implemented diverse control strategies. This study explored the progress of the 2 most recent national schistosomiasis control programs in an endemic area along the Yangtze River in China. METHODS: We obtained village-level parasitological data from cross-sectional surveys combined with environmental data in Anhui Province, China from 1997 to 2015. A convolutional neural network (CNN) based on a hierarchical integro-difference equation (IDE) framework (i.e., CNN-IDE) was used to model spatio-temporal variations in schistosomiasis. Two traditional models were also constructed for comparison with 2 evaluation indicators: the mean-squared prediction error (MSPE) and continuous ranked probability score (CRPS). RESULTS: The CNN-IDE model was the optimal model, with the lowest overall average MSPE of 0.04 and the CRPS of 0.19. From 1997 to 2011, the prevalence exhibited a notable trend: it increased steadily until peaking at 1.6 per 1,000 in 2005, then gradually declined, stabilizing at a lower rate of approximately 0.6 per 1,000 in 2006, and approaching zero by 2011. During this period, noticeable geographic disparities in schistosomiasis prevalence were observed; high-risk areas were initially dispersed, followed by contraction. Predictions for the period 2012 to 2015 demonstrated a consistent and uniform decrease. CONCLUSIONS The proposed CNN-IDE model captured the intricate and evolving dynamics of schistosomiasis prevalence, offering a promising alternative for future risk modeling of the disease. The comprehensive strategy is expected to help diminish schistosomiasis infection, emphasizing the necessity to continue implementing this strategy.

Objective:To explore the safety of inactivating coronavirus disease 2019(covid-19)vaccine in liver transplantation(LT)recipients.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed for clinical data of 151 LT recipients from March 2003 to October 2019.They had stable conditions and completed the course of covid-19 vaccine.Frequencies of pain at injection site, fatigue, headache and pruritus after vaccination were recorded.The safety profiles were compared between recipients with and without local and general adverse reactions after vaccination.At the same time, recipients completing two doses of covid-19 vaccines were grouped.According to vaccine companies, they were classified into Sinovac Biotech Ltd and Beijing Biological.Based upon more than or less than 60 years, they were grouped into <60 years and ≥60 years.The safety profiles of inactivating COVID-19 vaccine were compared in subgroups.Results:Among 151 eligible LT recipients, 98 of them were in group of age <60 years and 53 in group of age >60 years.The median period between vaccination and LT was 8.44(4.37, 12.39)years and the median concentration of tacrolimus 2.5(1.8, 3.9)ng/L.Eighty-three cases completed two doses of Sinovac Biotech Ltd(Sinovac Biotech Ltd group)and 40 cases Beijing Biological(Beijing Biological group); 14 cases had combined course of Sinovac Biotech Ltd and Beijing Biological, four recipients were vaccinated with inactivated vaccine from other companies and ten recipients did not know their inactivated vaccine' companies.After immunization, 24/151(15.9%)recipients had a local and general adverse reaction.The prevalence of pain at injection site, fatigue, headache and pruritus was 9.9%( n=15), 5.2%( n=8), 1.3%( n=2)and 0.7%( n=1)respectively.No significant differences existed in age( P=0.602), gender( P=0.752), period after LT( P=0.890), trough concentration of tacrolimus( P=0.377)or versions of covid-19 vaccine( P=0.582)between 24 cases with general adverse reaction and 127 without.Local and general reactions occurred in 16/83(19.3%)in Sinovac group and 5/40(12.5%)in Beijing Biological.There was no significant inter-group difference( P=0.769). There were 98 cases(64.9%)in <60 years group, 17 cases(17.3%)had local and general reaction, 53 cases(35.1%)in ≥60 years group and 7 cases(13.2%)had a local and systemic reaction.There was no significant inter-group difference( P=0.507). Conclusions:Covid-19 vaccine is safe for long-term survival LT recipients with normal liver function.Few participants present with mild fatigue and pain at injection site.

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy of three-dimensional (3D) navigation-assisted percutaneous sacroiliac screw fixation in the treatment of Tile C1 pelvic fractures.Methods:A total of 12 patients with Tile C1 pelvic fractures who underwent percutaneous sacroiliac screw fixation assisted by 3D navigation in Liuzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University from September 2019 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 8 males and 4 females, aged 43.08±16.93 years (range, 21-72 years). 24 patients with Tile C1 pelvic fractures who underwent fluoroscopy-assisted percutaneous sacroiliac screw internal fixation during the same period were selected as controls by pairing them according to age and sex in a ratio of 1:2. There were 15 males and 9 females, aged 45.75±11.69 years (range, 32-75 years). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, number of screws, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, guide pin drilling times and pelvic function scores were compared between the two groups. The quality of pelvic fracture reduction was evaluated based on the Matta scoring criteria, the screw cut-out rate was calculated according to the Lonstein evaluation criteria, and the degree of postoperative heterotopic ossification was evaluated according to the Brooker grading system.Results:All patients were followed up for 18.1±4.7 months (range, 12-30 months). In the 3D navigation group, the operation time was 110.67±44.85 min, the number of intraoperative fluoroscopies was 24.42±9.94, and the number of guided needle drilling was 7.33±4.70, which was lower than 145.00±48.51 min, 75.75±29.47, and 13.92±5.78 in the fluoroscopically-assisted group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). At the last follow-up, the Majeed pelvic function score of 3D navigation group was 89.08±3.89, and the excellent and good rate was 100% (12/12). The score of fluoroscopy-assisted group was 74.00±10.71, and the excellent and good rate was 79% (19/24). The difference was statistically significant ( χ2=10.23, P<0.001). The excellent and good rate of Matta grading was 92% (11/12) in the 3D navigation group and 79% (19/24) in the fluoroscopic assisted group, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=2.93, P=0.403). The screw cut-out rate and heterotopic ossification rate in the 3D navigation group were 17% (2/12) and 8% (1/12), which were lower than 71% (17/24) and 13% (3/24) in the fluoroscopy-assisted group, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=9.76, P=0.021; χ2=31.71, P<0.001). Conclusion:3D navigation-assisted percutaneous sacroiliac screw fixation for Tile C1 pelvic fractures can reduce the operation time and radiation exposure, improve the postoperative pelvic function, and reduce the incidence of screw cut-out and heterotopic ossification.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common childhood infectious disease caused by various enteroviruses. China has the most significant number of reported cases and deaths of HFMD over the globe. Understanding the epidemic laws of HFMD can provide a scientific basis for designing prevention and control measures. The dynamic transmission models focus on the transmission mechanism of infectious diseases. They can simulate the actual situation to study the epidemic rules of diseases by adding, deleting, and subdividing compartments. More researchers have paid attention to dynamic models because of their high flexibility. To carry out the dynamic model of the HFMD research more effectively, a comprehensive understanding of related research progress in this field is deeply needed. In this paper, based on various researchers' different research purposes of dynamic models, the research progress was classified and summarized, providing meaningful guidance for model construction methods and future research directions and references for dynamic modeling of other models of infectious diseases. It was found that most studies used the SIR dynamic model or its extended model (such as the SEIR model), and few studies contained a complex factor compartment. Some important epidemiological parameters (such as R0) were obtained by studying the HFMD cases in a specific region, simulating different intervention scenarios to evaluate the effect of measures, or revealing the future trend by model prediction. However, there is no dynamic model simultaneously considering age structure, population moving, seasonality and periodicity, and vaccination.

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a widespread infectious disease mainly affecting children aged five and under. In China, the current epidemic situation of HFMD remains severe, with a persistently high and increasing incidence rate, causing a substantial disease burden. A monovalent vaccine against Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), the most common cause of severe and fatal HFMD cases, has been available in China since 2016. Although randomized controlled trials established the vaccine's efficacy among research subjects, this may not reflect the impact under "real world" conditions in the general population. Therefore, based on a systematic literature search, this paper comprehensively reviewed and analyzed relevant studies based on real-world data and collected real-world evidence about the EV-A71 vaccine on the controlling HFMD incidence. It was found that the real-world study of the EV-A71 vaccine on HFMD was few; most were limited to a province or city; there is no study comprehensively considered other important influencing factors in addition to immunization, such as temperature, relative humidity, the age structure of the population, gross domestic product, etc. The progress of using real-world data to study the impact of the EV-A71 vaccine on HFMD reviewed in this study is helpful to have a clear and comprehensive understanding of the status quo and will provide guidance and reference for future studies to assess the short-term and long-term effects of EV-A71 vaccine and other vaccines.

Objective:To evaluate the development and application of gastrointestinal endoscopy technology in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region from 2016 to 2020, and the impact of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic on gastrointestinal endoscopy screening and lesion detection rate of medical institutions.Methods:Data of gastroscopy and colonoscopy cases from 26 cooperative institutions in BTH Region Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Medical Association from January 2016 to December 2020 were collected by questionnaire. The number of gastrointestinal endoscopy, the detection of main lesions (including upper gastrointestinal malignant tumors, early gastric cancer and colon cancer), and the number of endoscopic treatment were retrospectively analyzed by year.Results:From 2016 to 2019, the number of gastroscopy and colonoscopy showed a yearly increasing trend with an annual growth rate of over 10%. Compared with 2019, the number of gastroscopy and colonoscopy decreased by 10.86% and 8.29%, respectively, in 2020 due to the impact of the epidemic. The annual detection rates of upper gastrointestinal malignant tumors, early gastric cancer and colon cancer were on a rise, from 7.22%, 1.49% and 8.98% in 2016 to 9.87%, 2.71% and 12.04% in 2020, respectively. The number of gastroscopic mucosal resection, submucosal dissection and colonoscopic endoscopic submucosal dissection increased yearly, from 2 132, 300 and 217 cases in 2016 to 5 466, 872 and 560 cases in 2020, respectively.Conclusion:The Medical Association has promoted the expansion of endoscopic screening and the application of endoscopic treatment techniques, resulting in a continuous increase in the endoscopy detection rate and early cancer diagnosis rate in the BTH region. The sharp decrease of gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures and the increase in the lesion detection rate in 2020 reflect the impact of epidemic COVID-19 on detection of gastrointestinal cancers.