Objective:Our aim was to study the levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and pulmonary perfusion imaging in determining of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). Methods: We measured ANP levels by using radioimmunoassay after making various types of PAH in rabbits. Catheterization and pulmonary perfusion tomographic imaging were used in the control group. Results: When the pulmonary artery pressure increased slightly, the ANP levels were lower in PAH group than that of control group, but the difference was not significant (t=1, P>0.05). At the same time, pressure measured by catheterization did not change as the control group, but the ratio of back/abdomen radiopharmaceuticals distribution which was measured with pulmonary perfusion tomographic imaging was significantly higher in PAH group than that of the control (t=2.5, P<0.05). The difference between the ANP levels when the pulmonary artery pressure increased medially and seriously was significant (t＝4.0 and 6.5, P＜0.05). The other two methods got the same result (P＜0.05). Results of three examining methods were positively related. Conclusion:The ANP levels can determine the degree of PAH, and it was simple. But it was not as sensitive as that of pulmonary perfusion tomographic imaging.

Objective: To investigate the possible mechanisms in acupuncture analgesia by interaction of &opioid receptor with neurotransmitter transport proteins or the Na+-K+pump. Methods: Microinjection of respective heterologous cRNA into the Xenopus oocytes as a model system, and measurement of steady-state currents under two-electrode voltage clamp. Results: The co-expression of the δ-opioid receptor with GAT1, EAAC1 or the sodium pump resulted in reducing activity of the respective transporter. Opioid receptor activation affected transporter activity in different ways: 1) GAT1 was further inhibited; 2) EAAC1 was stimulated; 3) Na+-K+ pump activity interfered with agonist sensitivity of DOR. Pump inhibition led to higher sensitivity for DPDPE. Conclusion: GABA transporter inhibition and glutamate transporter stimulation may counteract pain sensation by affecting the neurotransmitter concentration in the synaptic cleft and, therefore, may contribute synergistically to pain suppression by acupuncture. Sodium pump inhibition by endogenous ouabain may amplify these effects. These synergistic effects may be the molecular mechanism of inhibiting pain sense and/or acupuncture analgesia.

Objective To explore the effects of gait training with an alternative gait orthosis (AGO) on the neurogenic bladders of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Method Twelve patients with complete SCI at the thoracic and lumbar level were trained for 8 weeks on motor and bladder function. After that, specific gait training with an AGO was given for another 8 weeks. American Spinal Injury Association ( ASIA ) sensation and motor function assessments were done before and after the gait training with the AGO, and bladder capacity, residual urine and urine flow rates were also assessed. Results Compared with pre-treatment there was no significant difference in average ASIA senzsation and motor scores after training, but the maximum rate of urine flow, average urine volume and single urination had significantly increased and residual urine volume had significantly decreased. Conclusions Therapeutic gait training with an AGO can improve bladder function after SCI.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of early and late open reduction and internal fixation on multiple rib fractures.Methods:The related literatures of early and late open reduction and internal fixation of multiple rib fractures were searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang database, VIP database and China Biology Medicine database. The retrieved literatures were screened according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. The quality of the literature was strictly evaluated and Meta analysis was carried out by using Stata 15.0 software. The open reduction and internal fixation within 72 hours after injury (early operation group) and more than 72 hours after injury (late operation group) were compared in the incidence of pulmonary complications, chest pain improvement rate, duration of postoperative ventilator-assisted ventilation, postoperative chest X-ray improvement time, postoperative bed rest time, duration of postoperative chest tube retention, length of hospitalization, operation time and mortality rate.Results:A total of 11 studies with 712 patients were included. There were 360 patients in early operation group and 352 patients in late operation group. The two groups showed significant differences in the incidence of pulmonary complications ( OR=0.25, 95% CI 0.16-0.37, P<0.01), chest pain improvement rate ( OR=6.15, 95% CI 1.63-23.27, P<0.01), duration of postoperative ventilator-assisted ventilation ( SMD=-0.97, 95% CI -1.70--0.24, P<0.01), postoperative chest X-ray improvement time ( SMD=-15.91, 95% CI -18.42--13.41, P<0.01), postoperative bed rest time ( SMD=-11.07, 95% CI -12.31--9.84, P<0.01), duration of post-operative chest tube retention ( SMD=-0.98, 95% CI -1.77--0.20, P<0.05) and length of hospitalization ( SMD=-0.96, 95% CI -1.26--0.66, P<0.01). The operation time ( SMD=-2.44, 95% CI -4.89-0.02, P>0.05) and mortality rate ( OR=0.24, 95% CI 0.04-1.51, P>0.05) were not statistically different between the two groups. Conclusion:Early open reduction and internal fixation in the treatment of multiple rib fractures can reduce pulmonary complications and chest pain and shorten postoperative ventilator-assisted ventilation time, postoperative chest X-ray improvement time, postoperative bed rest time, duration of postoperative chest tube retention and hospital stay, but cannot shorten operation time or reduce mortality.

Objective To investigate the effect of esmolol pretreatment on Toll like receptor-4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-кB) pathway in rats with repeated cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Methods Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into sham-operated group, IR group and esmolol group (n=16). Rats in the IR group and esmolol group were injected intravenously with esmolol at a dose of 200 g/(kg?min) or normal saline for one h before surgery, and then, bilateral common carotid arteries were clipped to establish the repeated IR injury models. Bilateral common carotid arteries in rats of sham-operated group were only isolated but not clipped, and injected intravenously with normovolemic normal saline for one h. Learning and memory abilities of rats were measured by Morris water maze test before, and one, 3 and 7 d after surgery. Rats were euthanized and hippocampus tissues were excised. The wet to dry (W/D) ratio of the hippocampus was tested. The permeability of blood-brain barrier was determined by Evans blue (EB) method. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β in the hippocampus were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The NF-кB p65 and TLR4 mRNA expressions in the hippocampus were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The NF-кB p65 and TLR4 protein expressions in hippocampus were detected by Western blotting. Results As compared with those in the sham-operated group, the escape latency was significantly prolonged and swimming distance was signficantly longer in rats of IR group one, 3 and 7 d after surgery (P<0.05), the W/D ratio of the hippocampus and the content of EB in brain tissues were significantly increased in the IR group (P<0.05), the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in hippocampus were significantly increased in the IR group (P<0.05), and the NF-кB p65 or TLR4 mRNA and protein expressions in the hippocampus of IR group were statistically higher (P<0.05). As compared with IR group, the escape latency and swimming distance of rats in the esmolol group were significantly shortened one, 3 and 7 d after surgery (P<0.05), the W/D ratio of the hippocampus and content of EB in brain tissues of esmolol group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the hippocampus of esmolol group were signficantly lower(P<0.05), and the NF-кB p65 or TLR4 mRNA and protein expressions in hippocampus of esmolol group were statistically lower in the esmolol group (P<0.05). Conclusion Esmolol preconditioning can alleviate cerebral injury and improve learning and memory abilities of rats with repeated cerebral IR injury, which may be involved in alleviating inflammation and suppressing TLR4/NF-кB pathway.

Metabolomics analyzes the physiological or pathological states of an organism by evaluating small molecules in various biological fluids or tissues. The early diagnosis, differentiation and evaluation of pituitary adenoma are difficult and lack of special biological markers. In recent years, in order to search for specific biological markers and their molecular biological mechanisms, many scholars have applied a variety of metabolomics analysis techniques to study the metabolites in the pathological tissues of pituitary adenoma and the serum, urine and other biological fluids of the patients. This paper reviews the progress and achievements of metabolomics in pituitary adenoma.

Objective:To establish a sequencing method for the genome of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) based on next-generation sequencing (NGS).Methods:SFTSV RNA was extracted from serum samples of patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. SFTSV-specific primers were designed using Primer 5.0 software. A multiplex PCR method was constructed and used to amplify the nucleotide sequence of SFTSV. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on the NGS platform.Results:The whole genes of SFTSV isolates in 28 serum samples were amplified by the multiplex PCR with a coverage over 94%. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of those strains revealed that the predominant strains ( n=20) belonged to genotype A, followed by genotypes B ( n=4) and E ( n=3). Conclusions:A high-throughput sequencing method for SFTSV based on multiplex PCR was established in this study. This method was characterized by high specificity and good quality and could improve the sequencing efficiency.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal characteristics of human brucellosis in Henan Province.Methods:Data of human brucellosis in Henan Province from 2005 to 2021 were collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and a descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemic profile of brucellosis in Henan Province and the three distribution characteristics. Global and local spatial autocorrelation were used to analyze the spatial distribution and the hot spots of brucellosis in Henan Province, respectively, and spatiotemporal scanning was used to analyze the spatiotemporal clustering regions of brucellosis in Henan Province.Results:A total of 39 862 brucellosis cases were reported in Henan Province from 2005 to 2021, with an average annual incidence of 2.44/100 000, and the number of cases showed an overall increasing trend each year (χ 2trend = 11 127.85, P = 0.001). The onset months were mainly concentrated from March to July, accounting for 59.00% (23 517/39 862), with May as the peak (5 478 cases). Cases of brucellosis were reported in 157 counties (cities, districts) of the province. The ratio of male to female was 2.52∶1.00 (28 542/11 320). Farmers were the main occupation, with 32 985 cases (82.75%). The age of onset was mainly 45 to 65 years old, with 20 226 cases (50.74%). The global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the global Moran's I was > 0, Z > 1.96, and P < 0.05 in all years except 2006 - 2008, showing spatial clustering. Further local spatial autocorrelation analysis was performed, and high-high and low-low clustering areas existed in 2012 - 2021 ( P < 0.01). Spatiotemporal scanning analysis showed that there was one spatiotemporal cluster in the high incidence area and two spatiotemporal clusters in the low incidence area. The high incidence cluster was centered in Neixiang County, covering 48 counties (cities, districts) including Song County and Ruzhou City, and the aggregation time was from 2014 to 2021. The two low incidence clusters were centered in Yongcheng City and Boai County, covering 58 and 18 counties (cities, districts), respectively, and the aggregation time was 2016 - 2021 and 2005 - 2012, respectively. Conclusion:The overall incidence of brucellosis in Henan Province is on the rise from 2005 to 2021, with middle-aged and elderly male farmers as the main affected population, and there are spatiotemporal clusters of brucellosis in Henan Province.

Objective    To evaluate the effect of surgical and traditional treatments for multiple rib fractures through systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods    CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, OVID, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, Thieme and Springer Link database for information from inception to July 2019 were screened by computer. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of surgical and conventional methods for the treatment of multiple rib fractures were screened, assessed and extracted. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. Results    Twelve studies were included, including 1 039 patients. There were 512 patients in the operation group and 527 patients in the traditional treatment group. The results of meta-analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of pneumonia (RR=0.41, 99%CI 0.29 to 0.58, P<0.000 01), incidence of atelectasis (RR=0.24, 99%CI 0.06 to 0.94, P=0.007), duration of mechanical ventilation (SMD=–2.64, 99%CI –4.38 to –0.91, P<0.000 1), duration of intensive care unit stay (SMD=–1.33, 99%CI –2.26 to –0.40, P=0.000 2), duration of hospital stay (SMD=–2.25, 99%CI –3.30 to –1.19, P<0.000 01) and incidence of chest wall deformity (RR=0.08, 99%CI 0.04 to 0.17, P<0.000 01). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the hospital mortality (RR=0.75, 99%CI 0.23 to 2.46, P=0.53), incidence of tracheostomy (RR= 0.69, 99%CI 0.39 to 1.21, P=0.09), ventilator support rate (RR=0.65, 99%CI 0.41 to 1.05, P=0.02) and chest drainage time (SMD=–2.58, 99%CI –6.41 to 1.25, P=0.08). Conclusion    Surgical treatment of multiple rib fractures can reduce pulmonary complications, shorten hospital stay, and reduce the incidence of chest wall deformity, which is conducive to rapid recovery and improves quality of life.

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of SR8278,a synthetic antagonist of nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1(NR1D1),in alleviating the structural and functional impairment of the extraorbital lacrimal glands induced by jet lag in mice.Methods Totally 36 healthy wild C57BL/6J mice aged 8-10 weeks were randomly divid-ed into 3 groups(normal group,jet-lag group,and jet-lag+SR8278 group)after adapting to a circadian rhythm chamber under the 12 h light/12 h dark(12 h/12 h LD)cycle for 2 weeks,with 12 mice in each group.Mice in the normal group were fed in a circadian rhythm chamber in a 12 h LD cycle,mice in the jet-lag group were fed in a 12 h/12 h LD cycle with an 8-hour advanced LD schedule,and mice in the jet lag+SR8278 group were fed in a 12 h/12 h LD cycle with an 8-hour advanced LD schedule and received 25 mg·kg-1 SR8278.At the end of 5 days of intervention,locomotor activity,core body temperature and tear secretion of mice in each group were collected,and the weight of lacrimal gland tissues and size of lacrimal gland cells were measured.Immunohistochemical methods were used for histological evaluation of the extraor-bital lacrimal glands in mice.Lacrimal ribonucleic acid(RNA)was extracted for high-throughput RNA-sequencing analysis containing NR1D1,and the obtained transcriptomic data were used for KEGG and GO functional enrichment analysis.Re-sults Compared with the normal group,the jet-lag group had higher daytime activity,lower nighttime activity,higher daytime core body temperature,and lower nighttime core body temperature,with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05).Compared with the jet-lag group,the jet-lag+SR8278 group had lower daytime activity,higher nighttime activi-ty,lower daytime core body temperature,and higher nighttime core body temperature,with statistically significant differ-ences(all P＜0.05).Compared with the normal group,the jet-lag group showed a decrease in lacrimal gland weight and tear secretion and an increase in size of lacrimal gland cells,with statistical significance(all P＜0.05);compared with the jet-lag group,the jet-lag+SR8278 group had an increase in lacrimal gland weight and tear secretion and a decrease in size of lacrimal gland cells,with statistical significance(all P＜0.05).Compared with the normal group,the jet-lag group showed a higher expression of NR1D1 in the lacrimal gland at night;compared with the jet-lag group,the jet-lag+SR8278 group showed a lower expression of NR1 D1 in the lacrimal gland at night(both P＜0.05).Bioinformatics analysis showed 947 significantly different genes in the jet-lag group and the jet-lag+SR8278 group,of which 43 are significantly upregulated genes,and 904 are significantly downregulated genes.The Notch signaling pathway has the most significant difference.Conclusion SR8278 effectively enhances the tear secretion function of jet-lagged mice by targeting NR1D1 inhibition.This process may be completed through the Notch signaling pathway.