Aim To observe the effect of recombinant human interferon and verazole used alone or in combination in resisting respiratory synthesis virus (RSV) in vitro. Methods RSV strains were proliferated with Hela cells in Eagles solution on a 96 hole plate. The recombinant human interferon and virazole were diluted to different concentrations and were separately added in the dose of 100 ?l to each hole of the plate. After 48 hours cultured, the concentrations of the drugs for inhibiting cytopathogenic effect(CPE)of RSV were determined. Results When the concentration of interferon was ≥5 U?ml -1 and virazlole ≥24 ?g?ml -1 ,respectively,the effect of the two drugs on inhibiting the CPE of RSV was remarkable and was improved with their concentration increasing .When the concentrations of the two drugs were lower than that of their effect respectively , their united use also had obvious effect in resisting the virus. In addition, the different using methods of interferon have also different results. Conclusion Both recombinant human interferon and virazole are effective in inhibiting RSV in vitro and will bring about better effect when used in combination.

Objective To evaluate the effects of respiratory on dose distributions in threedimensional conformal radiotherapy (3 DCRT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).Methods The dose distributions were measured with a PTW 2D-ARRAY seven29 placed on a home-made moving platform to simulate the respirator.Dosimetric comparisions for 3DCRT and IMRT plans were performed by means of Gamma analysis with 3％ and 3 mm,respectively.Dose distribution measured for static treatment plans.Results The respiratory could reduce the target does and conformal index.The r pass rate (3％3 mm in 3 DCRT was greater than it in IMRT ((53.58 ± 0.74) ％,(30.71 ± 1.00) ％,t =57.91,P ＜ 0.01).The failed points were mainly near the field edge,but located in the whole target volumes for IMRT plans.Conclusions It is undesirable to use IMRT techniques for tumors with large motion amplitude.3DCRT can give a reliable dose distribution by reasonably selecting the PTV margin.

Objective To investigate the gamma (γ) passing rates for volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) dosimetric verification with different techniques.Methods A total of 12 VMAT plans for the treatment of different anatomical sites in cancer patients were chosen.The Octavius 4D system was used to measure the dose distributions in two different settings:the gantry was rotating (three-dimensional (3D) and 2D γ-analysis) and the gantry was fixed at 0°(2D γ-analysis).The γ passing rates were analyzed with 3%/3 mm and 2%/2 mm criteria, using the paired t test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test.The 2D γ passing rates for different irradiation methods were calculated.Results For the 3D and 2D dose distributions obtained at a rotating gantry angle as well as the 2D dose distribution obtained at zero gantry angle, the average γ passing rates were 96.03%, 96.98%, and 98.90% for 3%/3 mm (P=0.227, P=0.000, P=0.003);82.08%, 84.04%, and 90.90% for 2%/2 mm (P=0.379, P=0.000, P=0.000).For the 2D dose distributions obtained with different irradiation methods, the average γ passing rate was 98.99% for 3%/3 mm and 93.68% for 2%/2 mm.Conclusions The VMAT dosimetric verification based on a 3D volumetric dosimeter at a rotating gantry position can be clinically useful for delivery quality assurance (QA), and can achieve the most reliable dose calculation for VMAT, which has more referential values.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of detector array in Monaco modeling for MLC parameters adjustment.Methods One parameter was fixed, and then the other parameter was changed.The γ pass rates of the test beams, namely 3ABUT, 7SegA, and FOUR L, were assessed to determine the values of leaf transmission and leaf offset.A total of 12 tumor cases from different anatomical sites were randomly selected.Two-dimensional dose verification (rack angle zero) of Step& Shot and dMLC plans as well as three-dimensional dose validation of VMAT plan were performed using Octavius 4D system.The γ pass rates were analyzed at a standard of 3%/3 mm.Meanwhile, the point dose verification for these three plans was analyzed to obtain the dose deviations.Results The values of leaf transmission and leaf offset were 0.0105 and-0.08 mm, respectively.The average γ pass rates (%) of Step& Shot, dMLC, and VMAT plans were 88.59±2.94, 87.81±3.28, and 87.45±2.24 before adjustment and 98.45±1.23, 98.9±1.01, and 96.03±1.66 after adjustment.In addition, the average dose deviations (%) according to the point dose verification were 0.85±0.75, 0.95±0.39, and 0.98±0.40 before adjustment and 0.97±0.57, 1.08±0.76, and 0.86±0.45 after adjustment.Conclusions Octavius detector 729 ionization chamber array is a feasible and reliable device in Monaco modeling for MLC parameters adjustment.

Objective To investigate the association of nitrotyrosine with coronary heart disease (CHD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods The nitrotyrosine levels were determined in 109 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus without CHD (T2DM).One hundred and fifty-two patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with CHD (T2DM-CHD) and 103 healthy control subjects by ELISA.Results T2DM-CHD patients had significantly increased nitrotyrosine compared with T2DM group and the control group [ ( 78.17±10.68 )nmol/L,(70.50 ± 9.13) nmol/L vs ( 63.23 ± 11.55 ) nmol/L,Ps ＜ 0.01 ].Nitrotyrosine was correlated with total cholesterol,triglyceride,fasting glucose and Gensini Score (r=0.361,P=0.009;r =0.206,P=0.001 ;r=0.347,P=0.026; r=0.466,P ＜ 0.001 ).Multivariable logistic regression showed nitrotyrosine was independently associated with CHD combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( OR=1.094,95％ CI:1.053-1.137 ; P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion Nitrotyrosine plays an important role in the formation and development of cardiovascular disease in tvoe 2 diabetes.

Objective To study the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis snails in mountainous regions and the dynamic charaeteristics of the distribution.Methods An environment calledLanbaoclosed to Puge County.Sichuan Provinee WaS selected as the study field.Random sampling was designed to determine the investigation sites.The snails were collected and the hying snaila were identified by the method of dissection in the laboratory.The distribution of snails was analyzed by some statistical indices,such as mean,variance and so on.Then the negative binomial distribution.log-normal distribution and exponential distribution were fitted to the snail data by the method of maximum likelihood estimation to explore the snail distribution in different time.Results The negative binomial distribution was fitted well to the snail data in April,May,July,August,September,November in 2008,and no distribution was fined to the snail data in June,October.December in 2008 and February in 2009.Conclusions The distribution of Oncomelania hupensis in mountainous regions is not simple negative binomial distribution,but pwbably a dynamic process and an uncertain distribution.

Objective To evaluate the effects of two different dosage of rosuvastatin on endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rats. Methods The 24 diabetic rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=8,each): diabetic control group, 20 mg rosuvastatin daily (RV 20 mg group) and 10mg rosuvastatin daily for 8 weeks (RV 10 mg group) and normal control group (SD group). The levels of blood glucose, lipid, nitric oxide(NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were measured before and 8 weeks after treatment. Results The levels of blood glucose were higher in all diabetic rats groups than in SD group before experiment (P＜0. 01). Compared with diabetic rats control group, blood glucose was slightly lower in RV 10 mg group and RV 20 mg group at 8 weeks (P＞0. 05). The plasma NO level was significantly lower in diabetic rats control group than in SD group (P＜0. 05).After 8 weeks, plasma NO levels were significantly higher in RV 20 mg and RV 10 mg groups than in diabetic rats control group (P＜0. 01 or P＜0. 05). The plasma levels of ET-1 was significantly higher in diabetic rats control group than in SD group (P＜0. 01). After 8 weeks, plasma ET-1 levels were significantly lower in RV 20 mg and RV 10 mg group than in diabetic rats control group (P＜0. 01).Meanwhile, the plasma lipids were lower in RV 20 mg and RV 10 mg group than in diabetic control group (P＜0. 05 or P＜0. 01). Conclusions Rosuvastatin can adjust blood lipids and significantly improve endothelial function in diabetic rats by increasing plasma NO level and decreasing plasma ET-1 level.

OBJECTIVETo study the cell morphology change in dormancy and proliferation stage of colorectal cancer stem cells in order to provide reference to the treatment of colorectal cancer.

METHODSThe subpopulation of EpCAM(high)/CD44(+)/CD133(+) was isolated from fresh colorectal cancer tissues. These cells were tested by xenograft assay in NOD/SCID nude mice. Colorectal cancer stem cells underwent three-dimensional culture, and the growth curve of stem cells was drawn by WST-1. The expression of P27 and Ki-67 was examined by flow cytometry to understand the phase of dormancy and proliferation of colorectal cancer stem cells. Then the morphological differences of colorectal cancer stem cells between dormant and proliferation stages were recognized by immunofluorescence staining of actin.

RESULTSThe percentage of EpCAM(high)/CD44(+)/CD133(+) was 1.6%, and the subpopulation was confirmed to be colorectal cancer stem cells by means of the experiment of tumorigenicity in vivo. The growth curve of colorectal cancer stem cells was "S" type. Colorectal cancer stem cells grew slowly in the first three days. The expression of P27 was gradually up-regulated, and the level of Ki-67 was very low. These cells remained quiescence, which was the so-called dormancy. The expression of Ki-67 of colorectal cancer stem cells was at high level since the fourth day, and the P27 level was very low. According to the growth curve, this period belonged to the proliferative stage of colorectal cancer stem cells. On immunofluorescence staining, colorectal cancer stem cells with high level of P27 were round, large, and few pseudopodium, but no obvious death was found. These cells showed characteristics of dormancy. In contrast, the stem cells with high level of Ki-67 had much pseudopodium, showing proliferation and invasion.

CONCLUSIONSCancer recurrence and metastasis may be associated with the change of growth state of cancer stem cells. Colorectal cancer stem cells in the proliferation stage show greater proliferative and invasive ability as compared to the dormancy stage, which provides a new perspective for the treatment of colorectal cancer, and recurrence and metastasis of other tumors.

Animals ; Antigens, CD ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Shape ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule ; Glycoproteins ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, Nude ; Mice, SCID ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; cytology

To identify the regulatory region that are responsible for the expression of mPC-1, we have isolated and characterized the mPC-1 gene promoter. Sequence analysis of the mPC-1 5' -flanking region and a series of truncated constructs were performed, which were transiently transfected into the prostate cancer cell lines and non-prostate cancer cell lines and analyzed through Dual-luciferase reporter assay system. The relative activity of mPC-1 gene promoter was by far higher than pGL3-control containing SV40 promoter and enhancer and p61-PSA containing hPSA 6 kb promoter in AR (androgen receptor, AR ) -positive prostate cancer cell lines. The region from 599 bp to 449 bp of mPC-1 promoter might contain a negative regulatory element. The expression of mPC-1 1.1 kb fragment is mainly restricted into prostate cancer cell lines. The relative activity of mPC-1 1.1 kb 5'-flanking region was regulated by androgen. The results demonstrated that the 1.1 kb fragment of mPC-1 5' -flanking region was relatively strong and prostate cancer cell specific promoter region.The 1.1 kb promoter of mPC-1 gene might be well suited to prostate cancer gene therapy if the promoter was properly modified.

Objective:To observe the effect of intravenous anesthesia with target-controlled infusion (TCI) of remifentanil combined with propofol on hemodynamics in middle-aged and elderly patients with intracranial aneurysm clipping. Methods:Totally 40 cases of middle-aged and elderly patients undergoing intracranial aneurysm clipping were divided into combined anesthesia group and propofol group according to the random number table. The combined anesthesia group was treated with remifentanil combined with propofol target intravenous anesthesia, and propofol group was treated with propofol intravenous hypotension. The changes of mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),cardiac output(CO) and heart index(CI) before the induction of anesthesia (T1), tracheal intubation (T2), before aneurysm clipping(T3), after aneurysm clipping(T4) and extubation (T5) were observed. The anesthesia maintenance time, extubation time, postoperative wake-up time and adverse reactions were compared. Results:There were no significant differences in MAP and HR between the groups(P > 0.05), the levels of MAP,HR,CO and CI at T2,T3and T4were significantly lower than those at T1,and CO and CI were significantly lower in combined group than those in propofol group(P < 0.05). Conclusion:TCI remifentanil combined with propofol can maintain hemodynamic stability, shorten extubation time and wake-up time, and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions in the patients with intracranial aneurysm clipping.