Objective To study the impact of vegetation changes on the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis in the marshland and lake regions.MethodsA bottomland from the 14 bottomlands along the Qiupu River in the Guichi District,Chizhou City,Anhui Province was selected,and a 50 m?50 m area of uniform vegetation was choosed as the research field.Low-grass group,boundary-grass group,hay group and control group were designed to represent four types of vegetation's status and the snail density,soil temperature and soil moisture were surveyed half a month after the design.The change of Oncomelania hupensis's distribution due to the vegetation change was analyzed statistically.ResultsThe snail density of the hay group was nearly 0 with high soil moisture and low soil temperature.The snail density of the low-grass group was obviously decreased(32.1/0.1 m2),and the snail density of the boundary group slightly increased,which had no statistical significance compared with the snail density of the control group.ConclusionsOncomelania hupensis moves from the low-grass group to the boundary group after the vegetation is cut down,which changes the distribution of snail.Hay group is the worst environment for Oncomelania hupensis to survive and the method of cut-overlay grass may be used to improve the effect of molluscicide.

Objective To explore a possible method for determining the appropriate sample size of Oncomelania hupensis in the marshland and lake regions. Methods Four bottomlands were selected randomly along the Qiupu River in Guichi District, Anhui Province. Oncomelania snails were surveyed carefully in these bottomlands and brought back to the laboratory to judge whether they were alive or not with mild water. All the data of Oncomelania hupensis were doubly input into the EpiData software and checked for the errors. Repeated sampling was performed in the four databases according to different sample sizes by using SAS software and the corresponding snail density was also calculated. According to the values of sample size and corresponding snail density, sample size-snail density absolutely changing curve and relatively changing curve were drawn to determine the appropriate sample size of snail survey. Results The appropriate sample sizes of snail survey were 40,200,100 and 200 frames in Gutan bottomland, Caizi bottomland, Qiupu bottomland and Ouyang bottomland, respectively. Conclusion Sample size-snail density absolutely changing curve and relatively changing curve could provide some instructions for choosing the appropriate sample size during the process of snail survey in the marshland and lake regions.

The cognitive impairment of type 2 diabetes patients caused by long-term metabolic disorders has been the current focus of attention. In order to find the related electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics to the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) of diabetes patients, this study analyses the EEG synchronization with the method of multichannel synchronization analysis--S estimator based on phase synchronization. The results showed that the S estimator values in each frequency band of diabetes patients with MCI were almost lower than that of control group. Especially, the S estimator values decreased significantly in the delta and alpha band, which indicated the EEG synchronization decrease. The MoCA scores and S value had a significant positive correlation in alpha band.
Cognitive Dysfunction ; diagnosis ; Cortical Synchronization ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Electroencephalography ; Humans

Objective To evaluate the myocardial protective effects of Histidine-TryptophanKetoglutarate (HTK) solution on infants with tetralogy of fallot in cardiac operation through comparison with St.Thomas Ⅱ cardioplegia(STH) and HTK cardioplegia in the operation of tetralogy of fallot.Methods Forty infants with tetralogy of fallot(TOF) were enrolled in this study.Their age ranged from 7 to 35 months,and body mass from 5.3 to 9.5 kg.The infants were randomly divided into HTK (n =20) group and STH (n =20) group who received HTK or STH solution respectively.Then 3 ml blood sample were got at 1,2,4,8,24 and 48 h after the opening of ascending aorta.The serum levels of cardiac troponin Ⅰ(cTnI),creatine kinase(CK) and creatine kinase MB(CK-MB) were measured.Results There was significant difference between two groups in terms of the level of cTnI at different time (F(inner group)=49.94,P＜0.001;F(between group) =10.23,P＜0.001;F (across group) =28.49,P＜0.001),and the level of cTnI in HTK group was lower than that of STH group at 1,2,4,8,24 and 48 h after the opening of ascending aorta (P＜0.05).There was significant difference between two groups in terms of the level of CK at different time (F(inner group) =58.85,P＜0.001;F(between group) =16.43,P＜0.001;F(across group)=18.32,P＜0.001),and the level of CK in HTK group was lower than that of STH group at 1,2,4,8,24 and 48 h after the opening of ascending aorta (P＜0.05).There was significant difference between two groups in terms of the level of CK-MB at different time (F(inner group)=34.51,P ＜0.001;F(between group)=11.03,P＜0.001;F(across group)=10.28,P＜0.001),and the level of CK-MB in HTK group was lower than that of STH group at 1,2,4,8,24 and 48 h after the opening of ascending aorta (P ＜0.05).Conclusion HTK is more valid than STK for improving the ability of anti ischemia of myocardium and cardiac function,reducing arrhythmia and ischemia reperfusion injury on infants with TOF in cardiopulmonary bypass.

Objective To analyse the effect of dual-antiplatelet drugs on S100β,IL-1β, adiponectin(ADPN)and NIHSS score in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods 58 patients diagnosed with acute cerebral infarction in first hospital of Qinhuangdao.All patients were collected and randomly divided into experimental group and control group according to random number table , 29 cases in each group.Both group were given the treatrnent of improvng the cerebral vascular circulation, protect brain cells, control blood pressure, blood glucose, oxygen when necessary.On the basis of conventional treatment, control group was treated with aspirin 200 mg, one time per day,orally.And experimental group was treated with clopidogrel 75 mg/d on the basis of control group,one time per day,orally.After treatment, the serum levels of S100β, IL-1β, ADPN and NIHSS score were detected in all patients.ResuIts After treatment, compared with control group,the serum S100βprotein level was significantly lower in the experimental group (P<0.05); the serum IL-1βlevel in experimental group was significantly lower (P<0.05);ADPN level in experimental group was significantly higher (P<0.05); NIHSS score of patients in experimental group was significantly lower (P<0.05).ConcIusions Dual antiplatelet drugs can reduce serum S100βprotein,IL-1βin serum of patients with acute cerebral infarction, increase the level of serum adiponectin, decrease NIHSS score, can effectively improre neurological function in patients with acute cerebral infarction.

Objective To analyse the effect of dual antiplatelet drugs on fibulin-5, vWF and P-selection in serum of patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods Diagnosed 60 patients with acute cerebral infarction in our hospital and collected. All patients were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, 30 cases in each group.The control group was treated with conventional treatment and aspirin, and the experimental group was treated with clopidogrel on the basis of control group.After treatment, the serum levels of Fibulin-5, vWF, P-selection and adverse reactions were detected in all patients.ResuIts After treatment, compared with control group, the serum Fibulin-5 level was significantly lower in experimental group ( P<0.05 );the serum vWF level in experimental group was significantly lower ( P<0.05 );the serum P-selectin level in experimental group was significantly lower (P<0.05);there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups. ConcIusion Dual antiplatelet drugs can reduce serum vWF, P-selectin and fibulin-5 in serum of patients with acute cerebral infarction, adverse reactions do not significantly increase, have guiding significance to clinical application.

The diabetes-induced cognitive impairment complications have serious effects on the patients' lives, and there is an enormous and financial burden on patients, their families and society as a whole. This review investigates the current research status of diabetes-induced cognitive impairment from different view points including molecular, models, clinics and electrophysiology. The relationship between diabetes and cognitive function and developments of research are hereby summarized. And finally, future issues of diabetes-induced cognitive impairments are pointed out, and the effective rehabilitation methods should be considered.
Animals ; Cognition Disorders ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Diabetes Complications ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The liver injury induced by Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM) was investigated based on idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity model co-treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a non-hepatotoxic dose. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were intragastrically administered with three doses (18.9, 37.8, 75.6 g crude drug per kg body weight) of 50% alcohol extracts of PM alone or co-treated with non-toxic dose of LPS (2.8 mg·kg(-1)) via tail vein injection. The plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were assayed and the isolated livers were evaluated for histopathological changes. The dose-toxicity relationships of single treatment of PM or co-treatment of LPS were investigated comparatively to elucidate the idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of PM. The results showed that no significant alterations of plasma ALT and AST activities were observed in the groups of solo-administration of LPS (2.8 mg·kg(-1), i.v.) or different dosage (18.9, 37.8 and 75.6 g·kg(-1), i.g.) of PM, compared to normal control group (P > 0.05); while significant elevations were observed in the co-administration groups of PM and LPS. Treatment with LPS alone caused slight infiltration of inflammatory cells in portal area but no evident hepatocytes injury. Co-treatment with LPS and PM (75.6 g·kg(-1), i.g.) caused hepatocyte focal necrosis, loss of central vein intima and a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration in portal areas. When further reduce the dosage of PM, significant increases of plasma ALT and AST activities (P < 0.05) were still observed in co-administration groups of LPS and PM (1.08 or 2.16 g·kg(-1)), but not in LPS or PM solo-administration groups. Nevertheless, the co-treatment of low dosage of PM (0.54 g·kg(-1)) with LPS did not induce any alteration of plasma ALT and AST. In conclusion, intragastric administration with 75.6 g·kg(-1) of PM did not induce liver injury in normal rats model; while the 2 folds of clinical equivalent dose of PM (1.08 g·kg(-1)) could result in liver injury in the LPS-based idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity model, which could be used to evaluate the idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of PM.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on endoplasmic reticulum stress during intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in mice.Methods Thirty SPF healthy male C57BL/6 mice,aged 8 weeks,were divided into 3 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table method:sham operation group (S group),intestinal I/R group (I/R group) and dexmedetomidine group (DEX group).The superior mesenteric artery was only isolated but not clamped in S group.The model of intestinal I/R injury was established by clamping superior mesenteric artery for 20 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion in I/R group and DEX group.Dexmedetomidine 25 μg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 30 min before ischemia in DEX group,while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead of dexmedetomidine in S group and I/R group.Mice were sacrificed at 24 h of reperfusion,and small intestinal tissues was obtained for examination of the pathological changes and ultrastructure of intestinal epithelial cells and for determination of cell apoptosis,expression of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP),transcription factors (ATF4),and X-4 box binding protein 1 (XBP1) mRNA (by real-time polymerase chain reaction),and expression of CHOP,Bcl-2,Bax and caspase-3 in intestinal tissues (by Western bolt).The apoptosis index (AI) and ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax were calculated.Intestinal damage was assessed and scored according to Chiu.Results Compared with S group,Chiu's score and AI were significantly increased,the expression of CHOP,ATF4 and XBP-1 mRNA,CHOP,Bax and caspase-3 was up-regulated,and the expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated,and Bcl-2/Bax ratio was decreased in I/R group and DEX group (P＜0.05).Compared with I/R group,Chiu's score and AI were significantly decreased,the expression of CHOP,ATF4 and XBP-1 mRNA,CHOP,Bax and caspase-3 was down-regulated,and the expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated,and Bcl-2/Bax ratio was increased in DEX group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine reduces intestinal I/R injury may be related to regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibiting cell apoptosis in mice.

Objective To explore the influence of health education and treatment compliance on COPD patients' outcome.Methods 258 subjects (186 males,72 females,average age 75.2±8.5 years) were enrolled from patients diagnosed with COPD between June 2013 to June 2014 in huashan hospital north compus.Study began in July 2014,health condition assessment and grading、telephone follow-up and education were performed once every half a year together with COPD lectures,the number of patients participated in education sessions,and status of smoking cessation,exercise\home oxygen therapy and medication were recorded as indicators for health education compliance.Clinic/hospital stay and cost,condition change were also recorded.The study ended in December 2015 with final assessments of conditions and classification of patient outcome.Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze factors influencing the COPD patient's outcome;Independent sample t test was applied to compare different compliance in patients with outpatient and hospitalization per-time cost difference.Results Higher reimbursement ratio,the better adherence for health education,no complications and the low grade of disease classification at the beginning of the study were protective factors (OR=10.35,2.147,5.791,4.51,P＜0.05);Underweight to normal weight,5 times or more acute attacks during during the study,poor health education compliance were risk factors for disease progression (OR=0.031,0.131,0.010,P＜ 0.05);Never exercise and never participating in health education management are the risk of illness/death((OR=6.793,P=0.005,95％CI:1.766～26.125) vs.(OR=11.872,P=0.002,95％CI:2.525～55.815));for mild COPD patients,these never participating in health education management had a higher per hospitalization than patients with health education management (6 619 yuan,t=2.681,P=0.010).The outpatient cost of more severe COPD patients who are smoking or quitted smoking in less than 5 years was higher than these quitted smoking more than 5 years (985 yuan,t=-2.225,P=0.028).Conclusions Health education management can help medical staff to provide guidance to patients to quit smoking,encouraging the regular use of home oxygen therapy,doing more exercise,taking prescription of preventive drugs,these will in turn improve patient compliance for disease control and prevention.These efforts can effectively slow disease progression and improve patient outcomes,reduce medical costs,reduce the burden of the family and society.