[Objective]Two high-risk complications following artificial joint replacement were investigated in an attempt to improve medical quality and ensure medical safety.[Method]By searching relative reference database,the author investigated the incidence of two high risk complications following artificial hip or knee joint replacement in China during the past 3 years.Preventive measures were discussed.[Result]A total of 840 cases of artificial hip or knee joint replacement were reported in 6 key orthopedic periodicals from 2005 to 2007.One hundred cases of deep vein thrombosis(DVT) were found with an incidence of 11.9%.in all 6 periodicals,the lowest incidence was 8.06% and the highest one was 20%.Six cases of pulmonary embolism(PE) were reported by 3 periodicals,of which 3 had a successful emergency rescue and 3 died.In the same period,10 orthopedic periodicals reported 171 cases(172 joints) of prosthesis infection after artificial hip or knee joint replacement.[Conclusion]With rapid development of urban/rural construction and transportation,and the increase of elderly people,severe osteoarticular injury cases have increased relatively.Artificial joint replacement has been wider performed in the clinical practice.Although the success rate has been greatly improved benefited from the upgrades of prosthesis technique and surgical instrument,the complications such as PVT,PE and infection are still risk factors.Relevant preventive measures should be taken to keep safety and advance of artificial replacement technique.

Twenty-four cases of carcinoma of biliary duct, 6 of carcinoma of gallbladder and 19 of carcinoma of Vater's ampulla are reported. All of those 49 cases were con- firmed by operation and/or pathology.The diagnostic accuracy by endoscopic retragra-de cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)was 85.7%.The radiological appearances of carcinoma of biliary tract under ERCP were described and classified into 3 types, namely obstruction,stricture and polypoid types. The stricture type was further divided into 3 subtypes of occlusive,annular and diffuse stenosis.The obstruction type and occlusive stenosis type were more common. Carcinoma of gallbladder manifested as a constant filling defect with a wide base in the gallbladder, while carcinoma of ampulla as an irregularly bordered space occupying lesion in it, which could obstruct the biliary duct and/or pancreatic duct. The soft rattan-form change in intrahepatic biliary ducts was the characteristic manifestation of malignant tumor of biliary tract.

Spleen cells of BALB/C mice immunized with medical urokinase were fused with FO and NS-1 myeloma cells three times, and six hybridoma cell lines(I-UB5, I-UD2, 3-UA2, 3-UD12,3-UG2 and 3-UH7)secreting monoclonal antibodies against urokinase were obtained after screening.Of them, I-UB5 and I-UD2 v/ere cloned, frozen, stored, resuscitated and analysed chromosomally.It was found that I-UB5 and I-UD2 were clones obtained by fussing spleen cells of BALB/C mice with FO myeloma cells.Their subclasses are IgG1 and IgG2a respectively determined by immunodifussion and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The titers dctc-termined by ELISA were in the range of 10-2-10-3 in culture supernatants, and 10-6-10-7 in ascitic fluid.The I-UB5 and I-UD2 were proved to be monoclonal antibodies against high molecular weight subunit of urokinase, since they did not react with the purified low molecular weight subunit of, but reacted with mixed subunit of urokinase

Abandon of treatment and euthanasia is a hot topic on the medical ethics.The issue includes the ethical significance,the definition of criteria,the ethical disputes,the legislation,the basic procedure and so on.The paper comprehensive analyzes these issues in different respects and make the necessary explanation.

The common description of the accessory meningeal artery in the textbooks of ana-tomy is either too brief or inaccurate, and some current misconceptions and contradic-tions have not yet been cleared up. Our investigation is based on the results of 57 dissections of 33 cadavers with thefollowing conclusions: 1. Frequency of occurrence: The accessory meningeal artery is found in 50 sidesof 32 cadavers, i.e. in 87.7% of the dissections and 97.0% of the cadavers. 2. The accessory meningeal artery often originates from the middle meningeal artery(the 2nd class 70% and the 4th class 8%), and less frequently originates from themaxillary artery (the 1st class 16%) or from both of them (the 3rd class 6%). 3. The accessory meningeal artery often passes medial (type P 50%) or lateral(type S 28%) to the posterior division of the mandibular nerve (or the inferior dentalnerve and the lingual nerve). Usually the artery courses forwards and upwards intothe pterygospinous foramen. 4. In most cases, the main trunk of the accessory meningeal artery does not passthrough the foramen ovale. 5. The accessory meningeal artery distributes principally to the lateral and medialpterygoid muscle, tensor veli palatini muscle, parts of the sphenoid bone, and the man-dibular nerve. In addition, its small ramus passes through the accessory foraminum ornotch of the foramen ovale into the middle cranial fossa, and supplies the dura materanterior to the foramen ovale. Some possible racial differences between the Chinese and American materials arediscussed.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the quality standard of Jieyin effervescence tablet. METHODS: Dictamnus dasycarpus, Sophora flavescens, Phellodendron chinense,Cnidium monnieri, Zanthoxylum bungeanum were identified by TLC. The content of berberine was determined by HPLC. RESULTS: The TLC was specific for the identification of D. dasycarpus, S. flavescens, P. chinense,C. monnieri, Z. bungeanum. The linear range of berberine was 0.208～1.04 ?g(r=0.997 8)with an average recovery of 101.38% (RSD=1.39%,n=6). CONCLUSION: Established quality standard is applicable for the quality control of Jieyin effervescence tablet.

OBJECTIVE To explore the drug resistance of the infection caused by meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) in ICU and the effect of linezolid in the treatment on MRSA.METHODS The collection of sputum,blood,urine,cerebrospinal fluid,the top and local drainage of central venous needle in 3 years(2006 to 2009) in ICU was carried out,and the bacteriological culture and drug susceptibility testing were executed.Fifteen cases of MRSA infection patients were treated with linezolid.RESULTS There were 72 cases of MRSA infection in 3 years in ICU,most of them were drug-resistant.The sensitivity for MRSA infection was high to 100% by used with vancomycin,teicoplanin and linezolid.The trend of MRSA infection in ICU had increased in the past 3 years.The efficiency and recovery rates of linezolid group(73.3% and 33.3%,respectively) were higher than the vancomycin group(66.7% and 28.6%,respectively)(P

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of theophylline combined with tiotropium dry powder in the treatment of stably chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods 140 patients with stable COPD were divided into the study group and control group according to the random number table method,70 patients in each group.The control group was treated with theophylline,while the study group was treated with theophylline combined with tiotropium dry powder.The quality of life was evaluated by quality of life scale(QLC),the exercise tolerance was estimated by 6min walk distance(6MWD),and the forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1 ),FEV1 /forced vital capacity(FVC),matrix metalloproteinase enzyme -9(MMP -9)and interleukin -8(IL -8)were detected in two groups before and after treatment.The adverse reactions of two groups were compared.Results After treatment, FEV1 ,FEV1 /FVC of the two groups were (1.49 ±0.04)L,(3.21 ±56.02)% and (1.89 ±0.21 )L,(59.98 ± 2.09)% respectively,which were significantly better than before treatment(t =7.98,9.03,8.03,8.32,all P <0.05),and which of the study group after treatment were significantly better than the control group(t =7.21,8.23,all P <0.05).6MWD and QLC after treatment of the two groups were (301.19 ±18.08)m,(67.19 ±2.31)points and (342.89 ±8.07)m,(75.21 ±5.25)points,which were significantly better than before treatment(t =7.98,8.03, 7.28,7.43,all P <0.05),and which of the study group after treatment were significantly better than the control group (t =8.03,8.47,all P <0.05).MMP -9 and IL -8 levels of two groups after treatment were (524.58 ±7.02)ng/mL, (7.23 ±1.04)ng/mL and (419.26 ±6.39)ng/mL,(6.09 ±0.06)ng/mL,which were significantly better than before treatment(t =7.52,8.13,7.23,7.41,all P <0.05 ),and which of the study group after treatment were significantly better than the control group(t =8.45,8.91,all P <0.05).The difference of adverse reactions of two groups was not statistically significant(χ2 =2.13,P >0.05).Conclusion Theophylline combined with tiotropium dry powder has an exact efficacy in the treatment of stable COPD,which can improve the lung function and the quality of life of patients.

Ocular surface is a special interface between the inner ocular tissue and the external environment.It provides effective physical and biological barriers to prevent environmentally harmful substances and pathogenic microbes invading into the eye.This protection is afforded by unique local anatomy and cellular components, especially the resident immune cells such as innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), macrophages, mast cells, Langerhans cells(LCs) and γδ T cells.Recent studies reinforce the importance of LCs and mast cells as inducers of immune tolerance.Most adult tissue macrophage populations are seeded before birth and maintained in the steady state independently of monocytes from blood.However, under inflammatory condition, some transient monocytes enter into tissue and become macrophage compartments.Monocytes are subdivided into two main phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets.The first main subset is dedicated to the surveillance of endothelial integrity.The second main subset compasses classical monocyte functions such as rapid migration to the sites of injury and the replenishment of peripheral dendritic cells and macrophage compartments.In addition, newly identified ILCs are founded in the ocular surface tissues.These cell groups defens the different stimulus from external environment by producing different cytokines and growth factors.Accumulating data highlight some key roles of tissue-resident immune cells in ocular surface homeostasis and pathology.

Ocular surface tissues are vulnerable to various stimuli from the external environment,including microbial invasion,mechanical damage,chemical stimulation,dust,UV light,and allergen stimulation.Conjunctival goblet cells play an important role in maintaining ocular surface self-homeostasis and health.These cells are the only unicellular glands in humans and mammals that are mainly distributed in the epithelium of the digestive tract,respiratory tract,and the ocular surface.Many factors affect goblet cell development and differentiation,especially the newly discovered molecule Spdef,which is a transcription factor found in the ETS family.The main function of conjunctival goblet cells is to secrete mucin to protect and lubricate the ocular surface;however,they also secrete a variety of other bioactive substances.Recent studies have demonstrated that goblet cells are involved in antigen presentation,regulation of dendritic cell phenotype differentiation,and induction of immune tolerance on the mucosa.Many ocular surface diseases,such as dry eye,will alter density and function of conjunctival goblet cells.Therefore,ophthalmologists should be concerned about the biological behavior of conjunctival goblet cells and the relationship between them and ocular surface diseases.