Differentiating bipolar disorder (BD) from unipolar depression (UD) is an important clinical challenge.Review the development of Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( MRI) in distinguishing the BD and UD, identifying objective markers of BD, to optimize clinical decision making.Database including PubMed,Wan Fang,CNKI and so on.The key words were usedunipolar depressionormajor depressive depression,bipolar depression,MRI,modeland so on.A little neuroimaging studies to date have directly compared UD and BD depressions.Most results from these studies suggest more heavy neural circuit abnormalities in BD than UD depression,involved in different brain regions.Predictive models based on neu-roimaging characteristics of BD and UD obtain a higher accuracy and can help differentiate BD from UD.This review serves as a call to highlight the need for more neuroimaging studies to compare individuals with BD depression with individuals with UD depression directly.Using neuroimaging results as objective biological i-dentification markers is a feasible research field.

Non-suicidal self-injury is common in adolescents. At present, the pathological mechanism of non-suicidal self-injury is still unclear, and there is a lack of objective biological markers in diagnosis and treatment, which is an urgent problem to be solved in clinical diagnosis and treatment. The magnetic resonance imaging is an important technique to explore the imaging mechanism of non-suicidal self-injury. The purpose of this review is to systematic evaluation of the latest research results of magnetic resonance imaging of non-suicidal self-injury. It was found that non-suicidal self-injury in people without other mental disorders showed abnormal damage in the orbitofrontal, the dorsolateral prefrontal lobe, the medial prefrontal lobe, the ventrolateral prefrontal lobe, the amygdala, the cingulate gyrus, the supramarginal gyrus, the amygdala, the hippocampus, the insular, the corpus callosum, the thalamus, the putamen, the dorsal striatum, the cuneate prefrontal lobe and the right temporal lobe. These areas are the core areas related to emotional processing, decision-making, cognition and movement. Non-suicidal self-injury with other mental disorders such as borderline personality disorder and depression may be affected by underlying diseases and exhibit different damage patterns, which showing abnormal brain regions related to emotional network, decision-making, social cognition and exercise.The results of this review can be helpful for the future study of the magnetic resonance imaging mechanism of non-suicidal self-injury.

s Objective: To identify neural correlates for the recognition of familiar verbal voices by measuring regional blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods:Thirteen Chinese health male subjects (mean age 26.1 years, SD= 2.9years) participated in the study. All subjects were right-handed and Han nationality. The subjects listened to familiar (subjects' friends) and unfamiliar voices when functional scanning. Functional data were acquired using a 1.5T MRI (GE Systems, USA), and were analyzed using statistical parametric mapping 99 (SPM99). A fixed-effects model was employed to assess the difference in BOLD response between 'familiarity' and 'unfamiliarity' conditions (P

Objective: To explore neural correlates for the recognition of facial expression videos using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging.Methods:Thirteen right-handed healthy Chinese women underwent blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI voluntarily while recognizing happy, sad, neutral emotional faces and fixation cross videos.Results:In comparison with fixation cross, recognition of neutral faces activated the left middle frontal gyrus, the bilateral precentral gyrus, the right amygdala, the left parahippocampal gyrus, the right postcentral gyrus and the left thalamus. In comparison of neutral faces recognition, the recognition of happy faces elicited increased activation in the right medial frontal gyrus, the right superior frontal gyrus, the middle frontal gyrus, the right anterior cingulated gyrus, the left subcallosal gyrus, the right superior occipital gyrus, the left middle occipital gyrus and the right superior temporal gyrus; while the recognition of sad faces activated the left medial frontal gyrus, the right middle frontal gyrus, the left inferior temporal gyrus and the left superior temporal gyrus.Conclusion:This study indicates that the recognition of facial expression is mediated by a distributed cortical network, and the medial frontal gyrus may be involved in discriminating different affective information, while the superior temporal gyrus may play an important role in processing the dynamic characters of face.

Depression is a common mental disorder with high incidence rate and low remission rate.The prediction of therapeutic effect in depression is limited to clinical features and neuroimaging.Reviewed the Results of magnetic resonance imaging for predicting the treatment response in depression and explored the Objective image markers for predicting the therapeutic effect in depression.It showed that the studies mainly focused on emotion regulation neural circuitry and few on reward neural circuitry.Prefrontal cortex,cingulate cortex,amygdala and hippocampus play important roles on predicting therapeutic effect.The study of magnetic resonance imaging for predicting therapeutic effect in depression is a feasible research field.More researches of finding the role of reward neural circuits in predicting the effect of antidepressants are needed.The brain structure and function of the neural circuits involved in depression and predicting the effect of anti-depression need to be studied by multimodal MRI method.

Objective To explore the characteristic differences of the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) feature of the spoutaneous neural activity between young male unipolar depression and bipolar depression patients,and determine the biological markers to distinguish the two disorders.Methods Twelve male unipolar depression,12 bipolar depression patients and 11 age and educated-matched healthy males underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning at 3.0 Tesla.The whole brain' s fALFF were calculated and analyzed.Results The differences of the fALFF of the three groups had significant differences (P＜0.01,Alphasim) in the right orbital medial frontal gyrus (6,33,-9;K =29),the left medial frontal gyrus (-6,60,3;K =44) and the left paracentral lobule (-3,-27,5 1;K =20).The unipolar depression subjects had significantly higher fALFF compared with heahhy controls in the left anterior cingulate gyrus.The bipolar depression subjects had significantly higher fALFF compared with healthy controls in the bilateral medial frontal gyrus and the left middle cingulate gyrus.And the unipolar depression subjects had significantly lower fALFF compared with bipolar depression ones in the right orbital medial frontal gyrus,the right anterior cingulate gyrus and the bilateral medial frontal ~rus(all P＜0.05).Conclusions Abnormalities exist in the brain regions in male with unipolar or bipolar depression patients in the resting state,and the abnormal regions are different.

Objective To improve the purifying method of Jo-1 antigen from rabbit thymus used for detection of anti-Jo-1 antibody by dot-blotting immunoassay(DB).Methods The rabbit thymus glands were cut into pieces,homogenized and extracted by PBS.Total protein was precipitated by acetone to get acetone powder(RTAP).The RTAP was solved in PBS and separated by an by anti-Jo-1 IgG affinity column.Results 5～7 g RTAP was obtained from 100g rabbit thymus glands.There was 19%～24% of protein in RTAP.Jo-1 antigen was enriched around 1900 folds through affinity chromatography,with 2.5% recovery of antigenic activity.In this preparation,there were several bands on SDS-PAGE,but only one band about 50 ku,reacted with anti-Jo-1 antisera on immunoblotting.Dot-blotting also showed that the antigen only reacted with Jo-1 antisera.The purified Jo-1 antigen was not stable for long time,but the antigenic activity could maintain for a long time when there was MgCl2 in the solution.Conclusion Affinity chromatography was a simple and easy method for purifying Jo-1 antigen from rabbit thymus.The antigen purified by affinity chromatography could meet the requirement for detecting Jo-1 antibody bydot-blotting.

ObjectiveTo explore the genetic impact of TPH1 A218C,MAOA-uVNTR on abnormal frontal lobe of depressed patients and the interactions between the two polymorphisms using the method of genetic imaging.Methods28 patients with major depression and 34 healthy controls which were equal in sex,age,years of education and had negative family history of mental illness were recruited in our study.All paticipants underwent functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI) in negative emotion recognition and were divided into different genotypes.Then frontal lobe was extracted as region of interest by WFU software into six subregions-bilateral superior frontal lobe,middle frontal lobe and inferior frontal lobe.ResultsPatients (0.19 ± 0.01 ) and controls (0.15± 0.05 ) with TPH1 AA genotype showed increased activation in left inferior frontal lobe than patients and controls with AC or CC genot.Patients with AA genotype showed increased activation in right inferior frontal gyrus(0.28 ±0.07) than other five groups as well.Patients with MAOA-H genotype showed increased activation in right middle frontal gyrus(0.15 ±0.06),left inferior frontal gyrus(0.18±0.02) than patients and controls with L genotype.Superimposition of TPH1 A218C and MAOA-uVNTR exsited in abnormal function of left inferior frontal gyrus(F=4.98,P =0.047 ).Patients with AA and H genotype showed increased activation in this area significantly than other patient group.ConclusionDifferent genes in serotonin system can affect brain function through a common 5-HT feature.

Objective To explore the impact of the variable number of tandem repeats of monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA-uVNTR) on the concentration of gray matter in patients with major depressive disorders.Methods 56 cases of depression, as well as 37 healthy controls who were matched in gender, age and years of education were divided into low-activity genotype (3R or 3R/4R), and high-activity genotype (4R) with the methods of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and 1.5％ agarose gel electrophoresis separation. 93 cases all were performaned structural magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Results ① The difference of genotype and allele frequency between the depression group and the healthy group was not statistically significant(P＞0.05 ). ②Compared with the healthy,the concentration of gray matter( GMC ) of bilateral caudate nucleus (K = 11/68, Z =3.76/4.76 ), bilateral thalamus ( K = 21/181, Z = 3.26/3.63 ) and right hypothalamus ( K = 38/12, Z = 4.20/3.60) reduced significantly in depressed patients. ③ In patients with depression, cases with the high-activity genotype showed reduced GMC bilateral caudate nucleus (K = 17/33, Z = 3.23/4.36 ), left putamen ( K = 16, Z =3.42 ) and right hypothalamus( K = 12, Z = 3.62 ) in comparision with patients with low-activity genotype. In highactivity genotype group,compared with the healthy,patients with depression had reduced GMC in left caudate nucleus ( K = 11, Z = 4.13 ), bilateral thalamus ( K = 13/14, Z = 3.53/3.23 ) and left parahippocampal gyrus ( K = 13,Z = 4.04). Conclusion High-activity genotype may be an important factor contributing to the structural abnormalitily of the limbic-striatum-globus pallidus-thalamus loop.

Objective To explore the gender differences of brain activation between patients with depression in recognition of dynamically sad expression with magnetoencephalography (MEG) technology and the paradigm of expressional experiment,and further to examine its neurological basis. Methods Brain activities were detected using MEG during the recognition of dynamic facial video with 12 female depressed patients, 11 male depressed patients, and their corresponding normal controls matched by age and education. Results Compared with male depression,female depression showed increased activation during different time periods were in turn as follows: bilateral inferior frontal gyrus ( x, y, z = 58/- 60,12/22,20/20, T = 2.17,1.88 ), left anterior cingulate gyrus ( x, y, z = 64,12,4, T = 2.37 ), bilateral superior frontal gyrus ( x, y, z= 30/-24,64/- 4,0/50, T = 2.86,2.36 ),the left brainstem( x, y,z = - 12, - 16, - 18 ,T = 1.96) ,right middle frontal gyrus( x,y,z =40,60,4,T = 2.22 ),bilateral precentral gyrus(x,y,z = -62/56, 16/10, 10/8. T = 1.99,2.65 ) ,left hippocampus ( x,y,z = - 26,- 14, -20,T = 1.77) ,left parahippocampal gyrus(x,y,z = - 16, - 12, -20,T = 1.72) ,right middle occipital gyrus( x ,y ,z = 50, -76, -14 ,T = 1. 75 ),while the decreased brain activation were in turn in right superior temporal gyrus ( x, y, z = 68, - 18,2, T = 1.85 ), right parahippocampal gyrus ( x, y, z = 20, - 36, - 14, T = 1.92 ), left cuneus( x,y,z = -6, -98,14,T =2.46) ,bilateral temporal middle gyrus( x,y,z =52/-34, - 80/-62,20/28,T = 1.95,2.57 ), left pre-cuneus ( x, y, z = - 40, - 74,38, T = 2.58 ), right hippocampus( x, y, z = 24, - 32, - 18,T = 2.05 ) in recognition of dynamically sad expression. ( p ＜ 0. 05, corrected). Conclusion The data suggest that there may be significant gender differences of functional network in depressed patients during recognizing dynamical sad facial expression.