Aim To investigate the inhibitory effect of ellagic acid( EA) on fungal strains both in vitro and in vivo. Methods The minimal inhibitory concentration ( MIC ) was determined by the NCCLS ( M27-A2 ) standard method in vitro. The therapeutic action was studied using a Candida albicans infect mice model, the survival rate and the content of SOD, MDA in ser-um were measured, and the pathological changes of liver were observed under light microscope after HE staining. Results EA was active against three Candida strains, with MICs between 25. 0 and 75. 0 mg·L-1 . The most sensitive Candida species was C. albicans ( MIC=25. 0 mg·L-1 ) . It was inactive against Can-dida glabrata. An in vivo test demonstrated that intrap-eritoneal injection of EA(40 and 80 mg·kg-1 ) signif-icantly enhanced the pathological changes of liver, im-proved the symptom, increased the weight and the SOD activity, and decreased the MDA activity in a mice in-fection model of C. albicans. Conclusion Ellagic acid has the potential to be developed as a natural antifungal agent.

Objective To analyze the inter-provincial utilization efficiency of health resources and master the differences between these regions so as to rationalize the allocation of such resources.Methods This paper called into play the data envelopment analysis to survey the efficiency of interprovincial health resourcas utilization,and the Malmquist productivity index method for further breakdown of the total factor productivity.Results Years 2003 to 2008 averaged an yearly growth of 6.8% for the total factor productivity of health resources in 31 provinces;the rate of technological progress was positive,while the annual rate averaged 5.2%;a slight growth of technical efficiency at the growth rate of 1.5%.Conclusion Years 2003 to 2008 saw an increase of varying extent in the total factor productivity,yet an insufficient utilization of health technology in the provinces in general.Compared to the efficiency of the central provinces,low efficiency was found in both the eastern and western regions in China.The westem regions made a faster progress in technology utilization,thus narrowing the gap of health resources among the provinces.

X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 gene ( XRCC1 ) serves as one key DNA repair gene. The polymorphism of XRCC1, resulting in the changes of corresponding amino acid and the effect of DNA repair, may contribute to the radiation injury of malignant tumor patients. Current studies have revealed that single nucleotide polymorphisms of XRCC1 may be involved in the radiation injury for patients with tumor. Nevertheless this correlation remains to be further investigated.

ObjectivetTo investigate the interleukin-16 (IL-16) mRNA expression and IL-16 secretion by peripheral blood mononucle-ar cells (PBMCs) of patients with lupus nephritis (LN) .Methods: 15 patients with active LN, 10 with inactive LN and 8 normal controls were included in the research. TTie supernatant IL-16 levels of freshly isolated PBMCs were measured by ELISA; the IL-16mRNA level were measured by RT-PCR.Results: As compared with the control group, both active and inactive LN patients had significantly increase in IL-16mRNA expression and IL-16 secretion, but didn't find the difference of IL-16mRNA expression between active and inactive LN groups.Conclusion: LN patients can endogeneous over-express IL-16 gene and abnormally produce IL-16 protein by PBMCs . IL-16 might play a role in the patho-genesis of LN.

Objective To explore derivation of renocortieal prostaglandins in C-BSA nephritis. Methods The interfering effect of goat-antiplatelet IgG serum(APS)on this model was studied. Results The levels of renocortical PGE_2、6-keto-PGF_(1?) (PGI_2)、TXA_2 were all reduced in experimental group. The pathological damage of experimental group were less severe in comparison with the model group. Proteinuria of the experimental group was alleviated. Conclusion Platelet may play a pathogenetic role of C-BSA nephritis and renocortical prostaglandins partly derive from platelets.

Objective To study the effect application,method,time, and indwelling double J internal tube in the operation of upper urinary tract.Methods The double J of tubes were used as internal drainage and internal stent for 1～2 months in the operation of upper urinary tract in 104 patients with nephrolithiasis, ureteral calculi,PUJ obstruction,megaloureter syndrome and bladder tumor.Result No complications such as wound infection,leakage of urine occurrence after operation.Conclusions The double J tubes had the dual functions of internal sent and internal drainage. The double J tubes can be indwelled easily and safely.

BACKGROUND: Mature brain contains neural stem cells. It is very important that how to directionally induce the differentiation of neural stem cells into a specific neuron, substitute for damaged neurons, in effective treatment of nervous system disease.OBJECTIVE: To study the role of vascular endothelial growth factor in the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in vivo.Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University from June 2007 to June 2008.MATERIALS: A total of 24 healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to model control, an'dbody treatment and sham operation groups.METHODS: Rat models of hippocampal fimbria and fomix transsection were established in the model control and antibody treatment groups. Rats in the sham operation only received digging skull operation. Immediately following model induction, rats in the antibody treatment group were subjected to 4 μL anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody. The needle was inserted at anterior fontanelle+0.6 mm, lateral side+0.6 mm and ventral side-5.5 mm at the affected side. Rats in the model control and sham operation groups were subjected to an equal volume of saline.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, Nestin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen was observed using immunohistochemical method. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen index was calculated.RESULTS: Compared with the sham operation group, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and Nastin was significantly increased at the septal area following hippocampal fimbria and fornix transsection in the model control group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model control group, Nestin expression was significantly decreased in the antibody treatment group (P< 0.01). The proliferating cell nuclear antigen diffusely expressed in neuronal cytoplasm in the sham operation group, with the presence of non-specific staining, and the proliferation index was nearly 0. A little proliferating cell nuclear antigen was found in the model control group, with a proliferating index of 1%. Following antibody treatment, the proliferating index was decreased to 0.CONCLUSION: Following septal area damage, the increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor induces the occurrence of neural stem cells. High expression of vascular endothelial growth factor may be the promoting factor of occurrence and differentiation of neural stem cells, and the basis of self-repair following bran damage.

Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane preconditioning on lung injury induced by limb ischemia-reperfusion in rats and the relationship with endoplasmic reticulum stress.Methods Forty-five healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 6-8 weeks,weighing 250-300 g,were randomly allocated into 3 groups (n =15 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),limb ischemia-reperfusion group (group LIR),and sevoflurane preconditioning group (group SP).Limb ischemia-reperfusion was induced by clamping bilateral femoral arteries for 3 h followed by 3 h reperfusion in LIR and SP groups.In group SP,2.5％ sevoflurane was inhaled for 30 min,and 15 min later the model was established.Before ischemia and at 3 h of reperfusion (at the corresponding time point in group S),arterial blood samples were collected for blood gas analysis,and arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) were recorded.The rats were sacrificed at 3 h of reperfusion,and lung specimens were obtained for determination of wet to dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio) and total lung water content (TLW) and for microscopic examination of the pathological changes,and index of quantitative evaluation for alveolar damage (IQA) was calculated.The expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) protein and mRNA in lung tissues was detected by Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction,respectively.Results Compared to group S,the PaO2was significantly decreased at 3 h of reperfusion,the W/D ratio,TLW and IQA were significantly increased,the expression of GRP78 and CHOP protein and mRNA was significantly up-regulated (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in PaCO2 in group LIR (P＞0.05).Compared to group LIR,the PaO2 was significantly increased at 3 h of reperfusion,the W/D ratio,TLW and IQA were significantly decreased,the expression of GRP78 and CHOP protein and mRNA was significantly down-regulated (P＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in PaCO2 in group SP (P＞0.05).Conclusion Sevoflurane preconditioning can ameliorate lung injury induced by limb ischemia-reperfusion in the rats,and the mechanism is related to inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Early stage Hodgkin' s lymphoma (HL) is highly curable with abbreviated chemotherapy plus involved-filed radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone,but the role of radiation remains the subject of debate and disagreement.The management of recurrent or refractory HL remains challenging with limited effective treatments except high dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation.Emerging new safe and effective drugs such as brentuximab vedotin might promisingly improve the outcome of these patients in the future.The interim positron emission tomography (PET-i) scan has important prognostic value in patients with early and advanced stage HL,especially PET scan after 2 cycles.However,the PET-i guided treatment decisions are not currently recommended outside clinical trials.

The role of consolidating radiation therapy (RT) is very controversial in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL),especially in adolescents and young adults (AYA) HL.The key problem is how to achieve better therapeutic effect but bear less toxicities in chemotherapy and radiotherapy,which will be hopefully solved by clinical trials adopting interim positron emission tomography (iPET) scanning to guide therapy for HL.The new technologies including whole genome amplification (WGA),high-throughput gene sequencing (NGS) assay and genome-wide association study (GWAS) further illustrate abnormal signaling pathways in HL,such as NF-κB,JAK/STAT and PI3K pathway,which may provide new therapeutic targets for the disease.