Objective To study the percentage and the distribution of nosocomial infection, and susceptibility of related pathogens to antibiotics in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods The clinical data of in patients with SLE in our hospital from June, 1990 to June, 1998 were analyzed. The susceptibility of the pathogens to antimicrobial agents was tested by K-B paper dilution method. Results The percentage of nosocomial infection in these cases was 16.1％ . The major pathogens were staphylococcas aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida. The most highly resistant microbes were E.coli, S.arueus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusions The nosocomial infection is one of the most common complication of SLE in the in patients. It is necessary to examine the pathogens regularly and use antibacterial agents according to the susceptibility.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate synergistic effect of carbapenems combined with fosfomycin(FOS)on carbapenems-re-sistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from urinary tract infections in vitro. METHODS:The minimum inhibitory concentration was detected using agar double dilution method. The fractional inhibitory concentration index was determined by checkerboard meth-od. The effect of carbapenems combined with FOS on biofilm of P. aeruginosa isolates was determined using 96 crystal violet stain-ing. RESULTS:12 strains of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates were highly sensitive to FOS and amikacin,and were com-pletely resistant to imipenem and meropenem. The combination of imipenem with FOS could induce a synergistic effect on 4 strains (33.3%);meropenem combined with FOS could induce a synergistic effect on 5 strains(41.7%);no antagonistic effect of carbap-enems combined with FOS appeared. FOS combined with carbapenems could inhibit the biofilm of carbapenems-resistant P. aerugi-nosa(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:The combination of carbapenems with FOS possesses in vitro synergistic antibacteri-al effect on part of carbapenems-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates,the mechanism of which may be associated with inhibiting the bio-film.

Objective:To investigate the fatigue damage mechanism of porcelain,and its relation with the microscopic defects in clinically failed all-ceramic crowns.Methods: Collecting the bilayered all-ceramic crowns failed in vivo.The fractured surfaces and occlusial surfaces of failed crowns were examined by an optical microscope followed by detailed fractography investigations using a field emission scanning electron microscope.When chemical impurities were of concern,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis was performed to examine chemical composition.A standard practice for fractography failure analysis of advanced ceramics is applied to disclose the fracture mode,and damage character.Results: Three types of fracture features are defined as breakdown of the entire crown,and porcelain chipping-off/delamination.Alumina crowns were usually characterized by breakdown of the entire crown,while zirconia crowns by porcelain chipping-off and delamination.The fatigue damage of porcelain was classified into surface wear,cone crack,and porcelain delamination.The observed microscopic defects in this study included air bubbles and impurity particles.Conclusion: The multi-point occlusial contacts were recommended in all-ceramic restorations clinically.The thickness of porcelain is important for the anti-fatigue ability of porcelain.Cautions have to be taken to avoid contaminations during the veneering processes.

【Objective】To observe the effect of Huangqi Sijunzi Decoction(HSD) combined with parenteral nutrition in promoting postoperative recovery of gastric cancer patients.【Methods】Eighty gastric cancer patients were randomized into two groups.On the 3rd day after operation,the two groups received parenteral nutrition,and the treatment group(group A) was given HSD additionally.The anal exsufflation time,incision infection rate,biochemical indexes and immune indexes of the two groups were observed.【Results】The anal exsufflation time was(2.40?0.33) days in the treatment group and(3.82?0.26) days in the control group,the difference being significant(P0.05).The increase of pre-albumin in the treatment group was obvious as compared with that in the control group(P0.05).The increase of immune indexes was not obvious in the control group(P

OBJECTIVETo study on the chemical constituents of Solanum torvum.

METHODThe aerial parts of S. torvum swartz were extracted with 95% alcohol and the constituents were isolated and purified by chromatographic silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were determined by NMR and MS spectral analysis.

RESULTSix triterpenes were isolated and identified as 3beta-acetyloleanolic acid (1), 3-O-acetyl-11alpha, 12alpha-epoxy-oleanan-28, 13beta-olide (2), oleanolic acid (3), ursolic acid (4), 2alpha-hydroxy-oleanolic acid (5), 2alpha, 3beta-dihydroxyursolic acid (6).

CONCLUSIONAll compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Solanum ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Objective To observe the efficacy of early application of continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVHF) in elderly patients with contrast-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) .Methods A total of 36 elderly inpatients with contrast-induced AKI were randomly divided into two groups:CVVHF group (n= 18) and routine treatment group (n = 18).The renal function, the incidences of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), in-hospital events (pulmonary edema, myocardial infarction and shock), temporary renal-replacement therapy and in-hospital mortality were observed.Results The incidence of CIN was higher in routine treatment group than in CVVHF group [88.9% (16/18) vs.16.7% (3/18), P<0.05].Temporary renal-replacement therapy was required in 13(72.2%) patients of routine treatment group and in 2(11.1%) patients of CVVHF group (P<0.05).The rate of in-hospital events was higher in routine treatment group than in CVVHF group [83.3%(15/18) vs.22.2% (4/18), P<0.01].In-hospital mortality rate was higher in routine treatment group than in CVVHF group [16.7%(3/18) vs.5.6%(1/18), P>0.05].Conclusions Early application of CVVHF in patients with contrast-induced AKI after percutaneous coronary intervention appears to be effective in preventing the deterioration of renal function, and it could improve in-hospital outcomes.

Objective To explore the value of the laparoscopic ultrasonography (LUS) in laparoscopic common bile duct explora-tion(LCBDE) .Methods 47 cases with cholecystolithiasis combined with bile duct dilatation or abnormal liver function were tested by conventional ultrasound ,magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatgraphy (MRCP) CT and LUS after LCBDE .All results were com-pared with the surgical findings and the intraoperative biliary endoscopy results .Results The diagnosis coincidence rate of conven-tional ultrasonography ,CT ,MRCP and LUS in 47 cases were 85 .1% ,72 .3% ,95 .7% ,100 .0% respectively .6 cases completed the surgery under the guidance of LUS ,1 case was converted to open surgery .Conclusion LUS is an examination method to avoid bile duct injury effectively and reduce postoperative residual stone in LCBDE .

Objective To explore the prevalence,subtype,distribution characteristics and risk factors of IBS met ROME Ⅲ criteria in local adult residents of Shanghai Songjiang area.Methods With multi-stage,stratified cluster random sampling method,from April to May in 2010,residents of45 shanghai Songjiang communities were interviewed by questionnaire survey.IBS diagnosis was based on Rome Ⅲ criteria,and the subtypes were according to Bristol stool scale.Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS),self-rating depression scale (SDS) and Athens insomnia scale (AIS) were also simultaneously finished. Results There were 7648 individuals who completed the survey with qualified questionnaires; the efficient rate was 90％. The sample size accounted about 1.62％ of total population in Shanghai Songjiang area.Total 970 patients were detected,who met the Rome Ⅲ criteria,of those 492 males and 478 females.The adjusted prevalence of IBS was 13.1％,13.8％ in males and 12.7％ in females.The ratio of male to female was 1 ∶ 0.92.There was no significant difference in detection rate between males and females (P＞0.05).The prevalence was highest in the 18 to 29 years age group (18.2％,P=0.000).IBS unsubtyped (IBS-U) was the most common type in patients who met the Rome Ⅲ criteria (45.3 ％),IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D) type was more common in male (27.0％) and IBS with constipation (IBS-C) was more common in female (19.5％).The IBS prevalence of obesity group (x2 =4.046,P=0.044),higher education group (x2=31.210,P=0.000),mental group (x2 =8.409,P =0.015),unmarried group(x2 =26.933,P =0.000) and no abdominal surgery history group(x2 =5.894,P=0.015) was higher than that of control group.The risk of IBS prevalence in those who had the history of gastrointestinal infection,abdominal surgery,taking antibiotics or analgesics increased by 5.105,3.388,2.949 and 2.811 times respectively(P=0.000).Multivariate analysis indicated that the risk of IBS prevalence was increased by 1.69 times if took more spicy food,however high-protein diet was a protective factor (OR=0.900,P=0.000).Anxiety (OR=2.452,P=0.000) and insomnia (OR=1.923,P=0.000) were also risk factors of IBS.Conclusion IBS is a common and frequently occurring disease in Shanghai Songjiang community.The history of gastrointestinal infection,abdominal surgery,taking antibiotics or analgesics,intake of more spicy food,anxiety and insomnia may be risk factors of IBS.

Objective To explore the effects of radiofrequency ablation ( RFA) combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty ( PVP) by the injection of artificial bone for metastatic spinal tumor. Methods Fifty-eight patients with metastatic spinal tumors were divided into bone cement group 1 (n=12),bone cement group 2 (n=16), artificial bone group 1 (n=16), artificial bone group 2 (n=14). The patients in bone cement group were arranged RFA combined with PVP by injection of bone cement,and the artificial bone group were treated with RFA combined with PVP by injection of artificial bone. The vertebral body modality,fractures, and visual analogue scale ( VAS) ,spinal ODI score were compared before operation,1 week,1,3,6,9,12 months of after operation. Results There were 12 patients (42. 9%) with vertebral body deformation in bone cement group,which was more than those in artificial group (6. 7%) (χ2 =8. 4768,P=0. 0036). The VAS or DOI score decreased after operation than those pre-operation in the 4 groups (P<0. 01),but increased in bone cement group after operation of 6, 9 and 12 months than those in artificial group (P<0. 05). Conclusion The combination of RFA and PVP by injection of bone cement or artificial bone is effective to metastatic spinal tumors. The effects of PVP injection with artificial bone maintains longer duration compared to bone cement.