Bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)is the main cause of chronic respiratory diseases in preterm infants.The research on the prophylaxis and treatment of BPD has been a concern of neonatologists because of its high incidence and poor prognosis in preterm infants.Glucocorticoid is a major therapy in the treatment of BPD because the pathological changes of BPD are characterized by persistent lung inflammation.Until now, a large number of clinical studies including different types and administration methods of glucocorticoids have been conducted.Compared with other types of glucocorticoids, low-dose and short-course dexamethasone has its unique advantages in the treatment of BPD.This article reviews the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of BPD and the research progress of glucocorticoids in the prophylaxis and treatment of BPD.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of pedicle screw internal fixation with different surgical approach in the treatment of thoracolumbar vertebral fractures. Methods Fifty?three cases with thoracolumbar vertebral fracture without nerve injury were selected as our subjects,who were hospitalized in the Central Hospital of Chaoyang from January 2008 to December 2013. They were randomly divided into observation group(27 cases) and control group(26 cases). The patients in the observation group were treated with pedicle screw internal fixation with Wiltse paraspinal approach and the patients in the control group were treated with pedicle screw internal fixation with traditional posterior open approach. The duration of operation,intraoperative blood loss,volume of drainage and length of hospital stay of all patients were recorded and the ratio of anterior vertebral body height to normal height before and after operation was compared between the two groups. Visual analog scores( VAS) for pain severity and Cobb’ s angle of the vertebrae was compared between the two groups 1 year after operation. Results The duration of operation and length of hospital stay of patients in both groups had no statistically significant differences ( P>0. 05 ) . The intraoperative blood loss and volume of drainage in observation group were less than that in control group respectively((146. 3±25. 1) ml vs. (240. 2±28. 7) ml, (73.1±15.3) ml vs. (150.5±20.1) ml;P=0.034,0.023).The ratio of anterior vertebral body height to normal height 1 week after operation was higher than that before operation in the observation group ( ( 93. 1 ±5.1)% vs. (70.3±8.6)%,P=0.048) and in the control group((93.0±6.0)% vs. (71.8±9.8)%,P=0. 049),the difference between two group had no statistically significant(P>0. 05). The Cobb′s angle of the vertebrae 1 year after operation was less than that before operation in the observation group((10. 10±4. 00)° vs. (19. 10±7. 81)°,P=0. 045) and in the control group ((9. 97±3. 78)° vs. (18. 87±6. 90)°,P=0. 045),the difference between two group had no statistically significant(P>0. 05). The VAS for pain severity 1 year after operation was less than that before operation in the observation group(1. 1±0. 5 vs. 6. 0±0. 9,P=0. 023) and in the control group ( 1. 7 ± 0. 6 vs. 5. 9 ± 0. 7, P= 0. 038 ) , the difference between two group had statistically significant( P=0. 046) . Conclusion Pedicle screw internal fixation with Wiltse paraspinal approach in the treatment of thoracolumbar vertebral fractures without nerve injury has advantages with traditional posterior open approach in less trauma, less bleeding, rapid recovery and reduces the incidence of postoperative lumbar pain. The treatment has a good clinical effect and is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To study the complications and the outcome of different type of twin pregnancy. Methods Three hundred and thirty two cases of twins from 1981 to 2000 were analyzed retrospectively. Results The incidence of twins is 8.63%.The common complications were pregnancy induced hypertension, premature rupture of fetal membranes, anaemia, premature labor and postpartum hemorrhage. There were no differences between the monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins in the incidences of these complications. The incidence of one fetal death in monozygotic twins was higher than that of the dizygotic twins (P

Objective To observe the relationship between pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), C-reactive protein (CRP) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods Sixty-eight patients with coronary artery disease, who were confirmed by angiography, were enrolled in this study. Among them, there were 43 cases with ACS and 25 cases with stable angina. At the same time, randomly selective 20 healthy subjects served as control group. Plasma PAPP-A and CRP levels were measured by using untrasensitive immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The plasma levels of PAPP-A and CRP were significantly higher in ACS patients than those in control group (PAPP-A: 17.9?8.7mIu/L VS 7.1?4.2mIu/L, P1, which indicated both were the risk factors of ACS. Conclusion The plasma levels of PAPP-A and CRP increased in ACS patients, and both PAPP-A and CRP were independent risk factors of ACS.

Objective The aim of this study was to examine plasma levels of CD40 ligands (CD40L) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A in patients with angiography type Ⅱ lesions (representing plaque rupture with or without thrombosis), and to evaluate the role of PAPP-A in the development of plaque disruption. Methods The morphology of the plaques in 68 patients was studied and analyed by means of coronary angiography. According to the morphology of the plaques, the patients were divided into type Ⅰ group (smooth borders, n=19), type Ⅱ group (irregular lesions, n=33), and type Ⅲ group (long lesions, n=16). The plasma level of CD40L, PAPP-A, creatine kinase (CK), and MB isoenzyme of CK (CK-MB) was measured in all the patients. Results Mean plasma CD40L [(3.21?2.08)mg/L] in type Ⅱ group was significantly higher than that in the type Ⅰ group [(1.03?0.98)mg/L, P

BACKGROUND: Tonifying kidney is the main method to treat aging of nervous system, which is characterized by decreasing density of nerve cells,cell aging and deposition of lipofuscin granule in the cytoplasm of nerve cell.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of nourishing kidney and tonifying brain on density and ultrastructural of nerve cell in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 area of aging mouse. DESIGN: Completely randomized and controlled study.SETTING: Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hunan Province.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed at the Pharmacological Laboratory of Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hunan Province between September 2000 and November 2003. Totally 30 Kunming mice with 11-month old were selected. Solution of yishen jiannao Ⅰ (zishen prescription) was provided by Agent Laboratory of Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hunan Province (including 15 g shouwu, 15 g sangshen, 15 g gouqizi, 6 g wuweizi, 30 g danshen, 30 g gegen, 10 g honghua,10 g shichangpu, 10 g yujin, 10 g yuanzhi, 10 g shanzha and scorpion).Scorpion was crushed into power. The rest drugs were decocted with water twice, mixed together and filtered, then the powder of scropion was added.The raw material was 1.0 g/mL.METHODS: Thirty mice were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 in each group. Mice in control group were given distilled water, those in zishen prescription group were given 20.0 g/kg zishen prescription, and in vitamin E group were given 40.0 mg/kg vitamin E. All mice were perfused with 20 mL/g, once a day for 4 weeks. After 1 hour of the last medication, mice were sacrificed at once at the drugged state. Cranium of mice was sheared and the hippocampal tissue was taken out. Numbers of nerve cells in CA1 and CA3 area were calculated under the microscope to calculate the density of nerve cell.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Density of nerve cell in cerebral hippocampus of mice in each group; ② Ultrastructure of nerve cell in cerebral hippocamp us of mice in each group.RESULTS: Totally 30 mice entered the final analysis. ① Density of nerve cell in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 area of brain: Density in zishen prescription group and vitamin E group was higher than that in control group [CA1: (3 707±495), (3 812±281), (257±372) mm-2; CA3:(2 746±262),(2 397±366), (1 992±307) mm-2, t=2.68-8.30, P ＜ 0.05-0.01]. ② Aging of mitochondrion was decreased, deposition of lipofuscin and aging of lysosome in cytoplasm were reduced in zishen prescription group and vitamin E group.CONCLUSION: Granule of nourishing kidney and tonifying brain can defer density decrease of nerve cell and aging of cell in hippocampla area of mice' brain.

Objective To investigate the resistant mechanism of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and its relationship with endogenous infection. Methods Two carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli strains were isolated from blood and stool of a same patient, respectively. The minimal inhibition concentrations (MIC) of the two isolates against imipenem and meropenem were determined by E-test. The susceptibility against other antimicrobial agents were done by disc diffusion method. Isoelectric focusing electrophoresis (IEF), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification,cloning and sequencing, conjugation, Southern blotting were carried out to analyze the encoding gene of β-lactamases. Homology analysis of the two strains was done by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results MIC against imipenem and meropenem of the two strains were both≥32 mg/L.Both strains produced KPC-2 (pI 6.7) and SHV-12 (pI 8.2) β-lactamases. blaKPC2gene was located on a 54 kb transferable plasmid. PFGE showed that the two Escherichia coli strains were derived from the same clone. Conclusions The resistance and enzyme digestion map of chromosome DNA of the two Escherichia coli strains are coincident. The Escherichia coli septicemia of this patient is probably an endogenous infection caused by the immigration of Escherichia coli from the gut.

Objective To explore the influence of treatment duration on the prognosis of Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis (CNM). Methods The clinical data of 30 patients with CNM were retrospectively analyzed. The time of Cryptococcus neoformans culture in cerebrospinal fluid turned to be negative were compared between patients with and without amphotericin B (AmB)endoneurilemma injection to determine whether endoneurilemma injection would make any difference on prognosis of CNM. Statistic analysis was performed by t test. Results The time of Cryptococcus neoformans culture in cerebrospinal fluid turned to be negative was (22. 73 ± 10. 00) days in 11patients with AmB endoneurilemma injection compared to (18. 92±7. 26) days in 13 patients without endoneurilemma injection. The difference was not statistically significant (t = 0. 172,P>0. 05). The effective rate was 45. 8% after 2-week anti Cryptococcus neoformans treatment, which increased to 100.0% after 6-week treatment. However, the curative rate at week 6 of treatment was 0. All ten patients who finished the treatment (three to four months' treatment) were acquired effective.Conclusion Treatment with standard dosage and adequate duration is crucial in improving the prognosis of Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis.

Humans ; Mandibular Diseases ; prevention & control ; Osteoradionecrosis ; prevention & control ; Radiotherapy ; adverse effects ; Tooth Extraction

This study examined the effect of tanshinone II A (TSN II A) on the cardiac fibrosis induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and the possible mechanisms. Cardiac fibroblasts were isolated from cardiac tissues of neonatal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by the trypsin digestion and differential adhesion method. The cells were treated with 5 ng/mL TGF-β1 alone or pretreated with TSN II A at different concentrations (10(-5) mol/L, 10(-4) mol/L). Immunocytochemistry was used for cell identification, RT-PCR for detection of the mRNA expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and collagen type I (COL I), Western blotting for detection of the protein expression of Smad7 and Smad3, and immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining for detection of the protein expression of phosphorylated Smad3 (p-Smad3), CTGF and COLI. The results showed that TGF-β1 induced the expression of CTGF, COL I, p-Smad3 and Smad7 in a time-dependent manner. The mRNA expression of CTGF and COL I was significantly increased 24 h after TGF-β1 stimulation (P<0.01 for all). The protein expression of p-Smad3 and Smad7 reached a peak 1 h after TGF-β1 stimulation, much higher than the baseline level (P<0.01 for all). Pretreatment with high concentration of TSN A resulted in a decrease in the expression of p-Smad3, CTGF and COL I (P<0.01). The protein expression of Smad7 was substantially upregulated after pretreatment with two concentrations of TSN II A as compared with that at 2 h post TGF-β1 stimulation (P<0.05 for low concentration of TSN I IA; P<0.01 for high concentration of TSN II A). It was concluded that TSN II A may exert an inhibitory effect on cardiac fibrosis by upregulating the expression of Smad7, suppressing the TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of Smad3 and partially blocking the TGF-β1-Smads signaling pathway.