Objective:To optimize the compatibility conditions of erigeron injection and study the stability after compatibility. Methods:An orthogonal test was employed using the quantity of insoluble particles and the content of rutin as the indices and tempera-ture, solvent and solvent amount as the influencing factors. The results were comprehensively analyzed. According to the results of the orthogonal test, three batches of samples were prepared and observed the stability in 24 hours, including the changes in the number of insoluble particles, pH and total flavonoid content. Results:The optimal compatibility conditions were as follows:the temperature was 25℃, and 250 ml 0. 9% sodium chloride injection was used as the solvent. The appearance and the insoluble particles showed no sig-nificant changes in 24 hours. The total flavonoid content was also stable in 4 hours, but decreased to some extent after then. Conclu-sion:At the clinical dose, erigeron injection in 250 ml 0. 9% sodium chloride injection can keep stable in 4 hours.

Purpose To investigate the value of 11C-CFT PET/CT dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging in differential diagnosis of multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson's disease (PD).Materials and Methods The 11C-CFT PET/CT images of clinically confirmed MSA patients (21 cases),PD patients (24 cases) and healthy adults (10 cases as normal control) were analyzed retrospectively.The volume of interest (VOI) were drawn manually,and the DAT binding indexes and asymmetry indexes of different regions of striatum,including caudate and putamen,were calculated.The differences of DAT binding indexes and asymmetry indexes among the above three groups were analyzed.Results Compared with the normal control group,the striatal DAT binding indexes of MSA group or PD group were significantly reduced (P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in DAT binding indexes between the MSA group and the PD group (P＞0.05).Compared with the normal control group,the DAT binding asymmetry indexes were significantly increased in the PD group (P＜0.05),but the indexes showed no significant differences in MSA group (P＞0.05).The DAT asymmetry indexes of caudate and putamen in the PD group were higher than those in the MSA group (P＜0.05).Conclusion 11C-CFT PET/CT imaging can detect the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in striatum.The number of striatal dopamine transporters declines in both MSA and PD patients,but the asymmetry of striatal dapamine transporter in PD patients is higher than that in MSA patients.11C-CFT PET/CT can differentiate MSA and PD.

BACKGROUND: Tonifying kidney is the main method to treat aging of nervous system, which is characterized by decreasing density of nerve cells,cell aging and deposition of lipofuscin granule in the cytoplasm of nerve cell.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of nourishing kidney and tonifying brain on density and ultrastructural of nerve cell in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 area of aging mouse. DESIGN: Completely randomized and controlled study.SETTING: Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hunan Province.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed at the Pharmacological Laboratory of Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hunan Province between September 2000 and November 2003. Totally 30 Kunming mice with 11-month old were selected. Solution of yishen jiannao Ⅰ (zishen prescription) was provided by Agent Laboratory of Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hunan Province (including 15 g shouwu, 15 g sangshen, 15 g gouqizi, 6 g wuweizi, 30 g danshen, 30 g gegen, 10 g honghua,10 g shichangpu, 10 g yujin, 10 g yuanzhi, 10 g shanzha and scorpion).Scorpion was crushed into power. The rest drugs were decocted with water twice, mixed together and filtered, then the powder of scropion was added.The raw material was 1.0 g/mL.METHODS: Thirty mice were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 in each group. Mice in control group were given distilled water, those in zishen prescription group were given 20.0 g/kg zishen prescription, and in vitamin E group were given 40.0 mg/kg vitamin E. All mice were perfused with 20 mL/g, once a day for 4 weeks. After 1 hour of the last medication, mice were sacrificed at once at the drugged state. Cranium of mice was sheared and the hippocampal tissue was taken out. Numbers of nerve cells in CA1 and CA3 area were calculated under the microscope to calculate the density of nerve cell.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Density of nerve cell in cerebral hippocampus of mice in each group; ② Ultrastructure of nerve cell in cerebral hippocamp us of mice in each group.RESULTS: Totally 30 mice entered the final analysis. ① Density of nerve cell in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 area of brain: Density in zishen prescription group and vitamin E group was higher than that in control group [CA1: (3 707±495), (3 812±281), (257±372) mm-2; CA3:(2 746±262),(2 397±366), (1 992±307) mm-2, t=2.68-8.30, P ＜ 0.05-0.01]. ② Aging of mitochondrion was decreased, deposition of lipofuscin and aging of lysosome in cytoplasm were reduced in zishen prescription group and vitamin E group.CONCLUSION: Granule of nourishing kidney and tonifying brain can defer density decrease of nerve cell and aging of cell in hippocampla area of mice' brain.

Objective To investigate the effect of Rho/Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil combined with conventional vasodilating agents nitroglycerin in treatment of unstable angina pectoris.Methods Twenty patients[mean age (61 ± 11) years old]with unstable angina pectoris (angiospasm in the left anterior descending coronary artery) were selected and divided into fasudil group and control group with 10 cases each by random digits table.All the patients were examined by the acetylcholine stress test.Coronary diameter at the spasm site was measured and compared at baseline and after the administration of nitroglycerin in the following order: intracoronary nitroglycerin (300 g), intravenous fasudil (30 mg, fasudil group) or saline (control group), and again nitroglycerin (300 g) during coronary angiography.Results There was no significant difference in coronary diameter at the first nitroglycerin administration between fasudil group and control group[(38.2 ± 23.6)% vs.(42.6 ± 17.2)% ,P ＞0.05].Coronary diameter at intravenous fasudil and again nitroglycerin administration in fasudil group was expanded, and there was significant difference compared with that of the first nitroglycerin administration[(2.48 ±0.79), (2.51 ± 0.78 ) mm vs.( 2.11 ± 0.62 ) mm](P ＜ 0.01 ), but there was no significant difference in control group (P ＞ 0.05).There was no adverse effect in two groups,and blood pressure and heart rate was stable in fasudil group.Conclusions Fasudil further dilates the site of coronary spasm, which had already been treated with nitroglycerin in patients with vasospastic angina.These findings support and extend the previous results that shows the feasibility of employing fasudil as a novel therapeutic approach for coronary spasm.

OBJECTIVE:To reduce patient waiting time for drugs by improving work efficiency via the optimization of the in-telligent workflow of outpatient pharmacy. METHODS:The problems existing in each link in the workflow after the adoption of au-tomated drug dispensing machine in the outpatient pharmacy of our hospital were analyzed. Measures were developed and imple-mented,on the basis of the factors affecting each link including adding drugs,making up a prescription and dispensing drugs,to optimize the workflow. The effect after the optimization was evaluated,with the time it takes to make up a prescription and to dis-pense drugs and patient waiting time for drugs as the indexes. RESULTS:The averaged time it takes a pharmacist to make up a pre-scription and to dispense drugs and patient waiting time for drugs significantly reduced from 3.4 min,9.3 min and 12.7 min to 1.0 min,6.1 min and 7.1 min respectively,after taking measures such as adjusting the number of the drug types,tracks and positions in the machine,adding the contrasting pictures of the drugs which were similar on the system interface for adding drugs,standardiz-ing the process of adding drugs,improving and allocating information labels,adjusting the process of dispensing drugs and adding new small packages of drugs within 6 months. CONCLUSIONS:The optimized intelligent workflow in the pharmacy can reduce pa-tient waiting time for drugs,increase patient satisfaction and promote the development of intelligent pharmacy.

Background and purpose:As the development of the completion of the human genome project (HGP), the research focus is turning to the gene function research. At present, the domestic experimental research on the apoptosis of K562 cells induced by antisense olignonucleotides is rare. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of human chronic myelogenou leukemia (CML) bcr-abl fusion gene antisense oligonucletides on autophagy and apoptosis of CMLK562 cells in vitro. Methods:By liposome as the carrier, K562 cells were transfected with the bcr-abl gene antisense olignonucleotides. Hoechst staining method was used to observe the apoptosis inducing effect of different concentrations of oligonucleotides, the expressions of LC3-Ⅱ, autophagy-related protein, were determined by the Western blot method, the cell cycles were determined by lfow cytometry (FCM), and JEM-4000EX electron microscope technology was used to detect the apoptosis morphological changes. The apoptosis was detected by DNA agarose gel electrophoresis. Results:Hoechst staining results showed that the bcr-abl gene antisense oligonucletides signiifcantly promoted the apoptosis of K562 cells in a certain concentration dependent manner. Western blot showed that the expression level of LC3-Ⅱwas obviously higher in bcr-abl gene antisense oligonucletides transfected group than the control group, showing a promoting effect on cell autophagy. FCM test results showed that bcr-abl gene antisense oligonucleotides transfected K562 cells showed obvious cell cycle arrest, visible obvious apoptosis morphology under the electron microscope, and DNA Ladder showed obvious apoptosis fragments. Conclusion:The bcr-abl gene antisense olignonucleotides can signiifcantly induce the cell apoptosis of K562. This study provides a new method for CML therapy.

Objective To evaluate the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in preoperative diagnosis and staging of suspected extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC).Methods The clinical data of 116 patients (72 males,44 females;age range 26-89 years) with suspected EHCC from January 2013 to October 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients received preoperative whole body 18F-FDG PET/CT scan.The imaging results were compared with final clinical diagnosis.The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT were calculated.Two-sample t test was applied to compare lesion SUVmax of malignant and benign diseases.One-way analysis of variance was applied to compare SUVmax of highly,moderately and poorly differentiated tumors.x2 test was used to compare the difference of diagnostic sensitivities for hilar cholangiocarcinomas and common bile duct tumors.Results All patients were confirmed by exploratory laparotomy and subsequent histologic examination.A total of 94 cases (93 adenocarcinomas and 1 squamous carcinoma) were confirmed malignant and 22 cases (11 biliary calculi,9 cholangitis,1 choledochal cyst,1 tuberculosis) were confirmed benign.The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT for primary tumor were 61.7％ (58/94),77.3％ (17/22),92.1％ (58/63),32.1％ (17/53),64.7％ (75/116),respectively.The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for regional lymph node metastasis were 45.5％(15/33),91.4％(53/58),and those for distant metastasis were 3/4,94.3％(82/87).The SUVmax of malignant tumors were higher than that of benign lesions (4.57± 3.75,2.72± 2.48;t =2.83,P＜ 0.05),while the differences of SUVmax among highly,moderately and poorly differentiated tumors were not significant (4.89±4.75,4.23±2.49,4.47±2.73;F=0.269,P＞0.05).18F-FDG PET/CT showed a lower sensitivity in hilar cholangiocarcinomas than that in common bile duct tumors,while no statistical significance was observed:48.6％ (17/35) vs 69.0％ (40/58),x2=3.827,P＞0.05.Conclusions The value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in preoperative diagnosis and staging of EHCC is limited.It can distinguish some benign diseases from malignant tumors,but with higher false positive for cholangitis.It can help to adjust treatment strategies by detecting distant metastasis.

Objective:To prepare a pig model of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) and to observe the hemodynamics and pathological characteristics of common carotid artery,so as to lay a foundation for further studying the effect of OSAHS on cardiovascular system.Methods: Twelve male small-type pigs were randomly divided into model group and control group(n=6).Animals in the model group were housed in a negative pressure chamber for 6 months to establish OSAHS model and those in the normal control group were fed routinely.After pigs in the model group presented the symptoms of OSAHS,the changes in hemodynamics of carotid artery were detected with color Doppler ultrasound.The morphological changes of common carotid artery were analyzed under light microscope and electron microscope.Results: Animal model of OSAHS was successfully created.The internal diameter of carotid artery of pigs in the model group was decreased,the intima was increased,and the peak-systolic mean velocity(S) and the resistance index(RI) were both increased compared with those of the control group(P

Objective To characterize the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants qnrA in extended-spectrum β-lactamase(ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia.Methods PCR was used to amplify qnrA gene in ESBL-rpoducing isolates(including 263isolates of Escherichia coli and 99 isolates of Klebsiella pneumonia).Conjugation experiments and southern blot hybridization were employed to definitude the location of the genes in ZJ96 isolate of Klebsiella pneumonia which had positive qnrA and CTX-M genes.Shot gun sequencing was performed for analyzing the complete nucleotide sequence of pKP96,a plasmid containing qnrA and CTX-M-24 genes in ZJ96 isolate.Results qnrA was detected in 5 out of 263(1.9%)Escherichia coli isolates and 8 out of 99(8.1%)Klebsiella pneumonia isolates.pKP96,a conjugative plasmid including qnrA gene and CTX-M-24 gene presented in ZJ96 isolate.The sequence of the plasmid pKP96 displayed the qnrA,CTX-M-24,aac(6')-Ib-cr,tetA and int Ⅰ 1 genes.Conclusion The plasmid-mediated genes,such as qnrA and CTX-M,may facilitate the prevalence of multi-drug resistant strains.

Objective To investigate the resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and genotyping of the main β-lactamases in China. Methods A total of 645 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were collected from 28 hospitals in 16 cities in China from July 2006 to July 2007. The susceptibilities to 11 kinds of antimicrobial agents were detected by agar dilution or Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The genotypes of β-lactamases including TEM, SHV, CTX-M and OXA of all the strains were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis. Results The resistance rates of 645 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to antimicrobial agents were high, except those to amikacin and meropenem were lower than 30 %. Two hundred and seventy-five (42. 64 % ) strains were carbapenem and (or) meropenem-nonsusceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Three hundred and sixty-eight (57.05 %) strains were multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 20 (3. 10%) strains were pandrug-resistant. The genotyping results of β-lactamases were as follows: 51 stains produced OXA-10 group β-lactamases, 37 were CARB type, 36 were TEM, 35 were PER, 11 were CTX-M, 9 were VEB, 5 were SHV, 24 were metallo-β-lactamases positive and 1 was GES. None of genotypes of plasmidmediated AmpC enzyme and other carbapenemases were detected. CTX-M-13, CTX-M-14,CTX-M-15, CTX-M-3 of extended spetrum β-lactamese were detected in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Conclusions The situation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistances is severe in China. OXA-10 and PSE-1 are the most common genotypes of β-lactamases. The β-lactamases genotyping is different between carbapenem-nonsusceptible and carbapenem-susceptible strains.