Objective To investigate the resistance of carbapenems,the production of metallobeta-lactamases(MBLs)and homology analysis of Psendomonas aeruginosa in China.Methods A total of 654 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were collected from 28 hospitals in 16 difierent regions during the period from July 2006 to July 2007 as part of the Nosocomial Pathogen Resistance Surveillance(NPRS).MICs of imipenem and meropenem were determined by agar dilutiom PFGE was used to analyze the molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant strains.MBLs were detected by Etest and PCR among carbapenem-non-sensitive strains.The transcription levels of MBLs were determined by real-time reverse transcriptase(RT)-PCR.Results Of the 645 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains,245(37.5%)were resistant to imipenem and 183(28.0%)were resistant to meropenem.A total of 275 carbapenemnonsusceptible strains and 259 carbapenem-resistant strains were chosen for further study. Among the carbapenem-nonsusecptible strains,8.73%(24/275)of the strains carrried MBLs genes hy PCR,but only 6.55%(18/275)of the strains were detected as MBls-producers bv MBL Etest. The MBLs relative expression levels of the 6 MBL genotype-positive but phenotype-negative strains were significantly lower than those of the other 18 MBL genotype-and phenotype-positive strains(P＜0.05).The 259 carbapenemresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were divided into 89 clones by PFGE.The 24 MBL genotypepositive strains collected from 6 cities were divided into 9 clones by PFGE.Conclusions The carbapenems resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is severe in China.Clonal dissemination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has not been detected throughout China.MBLs are not the major carbapenems resistance mechanism in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Objective To investigate the resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and genotyping of the main β-lactamases in China. Methods A total of 645 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were collected from 28 hospitals in 16 cities in China from July 2006 to July 2007. The susceptibilities to 11 kinds of antimicrobial agents were detected by agar dilution or Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The genotypes of β-lactamases including TEM, SHV, CTX-M and OXA of all the strains were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis. Results The resistance rates of 645 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to antimicrobial agents were high, except those to amikacin and meropenem were lower than 30 %. Two hundred and seventy-five (42. 64 % ) strains were carbapenem and (or) meropenem-nonsusceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Three hundred and sixty-eight (57.05 %) strains were multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 20 (3. 10%) strains were pandrug-resistant. The genotyping results of β-lactamases were as follows: 51 stains produced OXA-10 group β-lactamases, 37 were CARB type, 36 were TEM, 35 were PER, 11 were CTX-M, 9 were VEB, 5 were SHV, 24 were metallo-β-lactamases positive and 1 was GES. None of genotypes of plasmidmediated AmpC enzyme and other carbapenemases were detected. CTX-M-13, CTX-M-14,CTX-M-15, CTX-M-3 of extended spetrum β-lactamese were detected in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Conclusions The situation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistances is severe in China. OXA-10 and PSE-1 are the most common genotypes of β-lactamases. The β-lactamases genotyping is different between carbapenem-nonsusceptible and carbapenem-susceptible strains.

Objective To establish a method to validate the result of transcriptome sequencing using duplex PCR tech -nology combined with capillary electrophoresis .Methods According to a previous study on transcriptome sequencing , eight differentially expressed genes were chosen as target genes for examination .The mRNA expression level of these genes was detected using duplex PCR combined with agarose gel electrophoresis , duplex PCR combined with capillary electropho-resis and Q-PCR, respectively.Then, the verification efficiency of each method was evaluated carefully .Results The ver-ification efficiency of duplex PCR combined with agarose gel electrophoresis was 50%, while that of duplex PCR combined with capillary electrophoresis and Q-PCR was both 100%.Conclusion Combination of duplex PCR technology with capil-lary electrophoresis can be used as an alternative method to validate the results of transcriptome sequencing .

Objective:To evaluate the effects of periodontal flap surgery with the aid of microscope in the treatment of patients with chronic periodontitis(CP).Methods:30 patients with CP included in the study were randomly divided into 2 groups.Patients in the experiment group received periodontal flap surgery with the aid of microscope,while those in the control group received the routine flap surgery.The VAS pain scores were compared 1 ,3 and 7 days after surgery.The periodontal parameters were compared 3 and 6 months after surgery between 2 groups.Results:The VAS pain score in the experiment group was significantly lower than that in the control group 1 and 3 days (P =0.01 7 and 0.004)after surgery;the periodontal probing depth in the experiment group was significantly lower than that in the control group 3 and 6 months (P =0.01 0 and 0.047)after surgery.Conclusion:The periodontal probing depth,gin-gival recession and clinical attachment level can be improved and the pain can be reduced in the treatment of CP patients with the aid of microscope in the periodontal flap surgery.

Objective To study the levels of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines in 3-nitrobenzene sulfonate(TNBS) and oxazolone(OXZ) colitis without or with Trichinella spiralis( T. spiralis) infection. Methods Female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: 50% Ethanol, T. spiralis only, TNBS or OXZ,T. spiralis +TNBS or OXZ(at least 6 in each group when mice were killed). The levels of IFN-γ, IL-12,IL-4, IL-10 in colon in mice with colitis induced by TNBS or OXZ without or with T. spiralis infection 3 d and 7 d post-induction were assessed using ELISA method. Results Colonic protein levels of IFN-γand IL-12 were significantly increased 3 d and 7 d after intra-colonic injection of TNBS( P ＜0.05 ). Concurrent infection with T. spiralis prevented this rise in IFN-γand IL-12 secretion and tended to induce a rise in colonic IL-4 and IL-10 content(P ＜0. 05). The levels of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 protein in colitic mice colon with prior nematode infection on days 3 and 7 post-induction of colitis were significantly higher than that seen in colitic mice without prior nematode infection ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion T. spiralis infection significantly attenuates TNBS-induced colitis in mice. The local immunologic mechanism is that T. spiralis can down-regulate strongly Th1-type immune response of colitis and up-regulate Th2 response, Tr1-cytokines. According to the change of Th1/Th2 cytokines, prior T. spiralis infection doesn't reduce the severity of OXZ-induced colitis, but without aggravating colitis. The exactly immunologic mechanism deserve to be explored deeply.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the genotype of an individual suspected for Aw through DNA sequencing. METHODS: Serologic testing was carried out with standard methods. Exons 6 and 7 of the ABO genes were amplified by PCR and subjected to direct sequencing or sequenced after gene cloning. RESULTS: Serological testing showed that the forward typing and reverse typing were Aw and A, respectively. DNA sequencing revealed that the individual has carried an Aw allele and an O allele. Haplotype sequencing of each allele has revealed a nt543 variant (543G>C) in the Aw allele. CONCLUSION The individual was verified as a rare A subtype, which was previously unreported in mainland China.
ABO Blood-Group System/genetics* ; Alleles ; Exons ; Genotype ; Humans ; Phenotype

Objective To evaluate whether flexible ambrosia,by which people can take special prebiotics instead of dining to alleviate their sense of hunger is a healthy, safe and effective weight loss method by analyzing the effects of flexible ambrosia on body weight, body composition, physiological and chemical indexes of young volunteers.Methods Young volunteers were tested on flexible ambrosia for seven days using special prebiotics instead of normal food.Body weight, waist circumference, body composition and blood biochemical indexes ( blood pressure, blood glucose, liver function, renal function, blood electrolyte, and blood lipid ) were measured and recorded before and after the test respectively.The volunteers′subjective feelings ( hunger, energy, fatigue, etc) were recorded during the test every day by way of e-form records.Results All volunteers of the flexible ambrosia test reduced their body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, visceral fat index (VAI) and body fat rate (Fat,%)significantly (P<0.01)in seven days, while the body water rate, muscle mass, body protein and bone did not significantly change or rise.There was no significant functional abnormity of the liver kidney, or blood electrolytes and blood lipid.All volunteers were in good physical condition, high-spirited and slept well, high quality sleep, without any obvious hunger and fatigue response in seven days.Conclusion Flexible ambrosia seems to be a healthy, safe and effective method, and provides an important scientific basis and reference for weight loss in the military.

Objective: To understand the longitudinal changes of refractive errors in adolescent myopia screening in the suburb of Shanghai, and to provide reference for targeted measures of myopia prevention and intervention. Methods: By using the cluster sampling method, 1 346 students were selected from two primary schools in a town in the suburb of Shanghai. Physical development indicators and refractive examination parameters of non ciliary muscle paralysis, and uncorrected visual acuity in 2017 and 2020 were collected from the Shanghai adolescent refractive development file. Longitudinal change of spherical equivalent (SE) refractive were assessed. A linear regression model was used to examine the relationship between the rate of SE change with characteristics of the students. Results: The average annual incidence of myopia was 16.36%, and the SE degrees of the left and right eyes of myopia students decreased by 225 degrees for three years. Girls (right eye Z=-4.33; left eye Z=-3.75, P<0.01), newly-onset myopia and persistent myopia (right eye Z=634.45; left eye Z=638.85, P<0.01) was a key for the rapid progress of refractive power. Conclusion The proportion of students with severe low vision is relatively high, and the apparent shifts toward more hyperopia in myopia students call for effective prevention and control programs based on changes in refractive to slow the progression of adolescent myopia.

Objective To investigate the application of jugular bulb oxygen saturation (SjvO2) in the treat-ment of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI).Methods From August 2016 to August 2017,fifty-three patients with sTBI admitted to intensive care unit ( ICU) of Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences were randomly divided into the intracranial pressure - guided treatment group ( ICP group) and the SjvO2 -guided treatment group (SjvO2 group) by draw lots method.The patients in ICP group ( n=25) were treated according to the routine regimen,and the SjvO2 group (n=28) was dynamically detected SjvO2,and the SjvO2 was maintained at the target range of 55% -75% by adjusting the treatment scheme in addition to the routine treatment regimen.The early GCS score,GOS score and the mortality rate were compared between the two groups three months after injury.Results A total of 36% (9/25) patients had SjvO2 <55% events within 3 days after injury.On the fourth day after injury,the GCS score in the SjvO2 group was better than that in the ICP group [(7.17 ± 1.41)points vs.(6.91 ± 1.10)points,t=1.78,P=0.03],and there was no statistically significant difference in mortality between the two groups at 90 days after injury ( P=0.80).The SjvO2 group had a better prognosis rate compared with ICP group (24.00% vs.10.70% ,χ2 =2.31,P=0.05).Conclusion The treatment strategy of sTBI patients guided by SjvO2 can improve early consciousness level and improve the overall prognosis of sTBI patients.

Objective To improve the quality control of Dilong Shenmai oral liquid. Methods TLC was used for the qualitative identification of Astragali Radix, Ophiopogonis Radix and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus in Dilong Shenmai oral liquid. HPLC was used to determine the contents of schisandrin and ethylparaben in the preparation. Wondasil C₁₈ column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used with acetonitrile-water as the mobile phase at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min for gradient elution. The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm, and column temperature was 30 ℃. Results TLC spots were clear and well-separated without negative interference. The linear ranges of schisandrin and ethylparaben were 5.81−58.06 μg/ml (r=0.999 9) and 25.29−252.94 μg/ml (r=0.999 9). The average recoveries were 99.35% (RSD=1.02%) and 99.72% (RSD=0.76%). Conclusion This method is simple, quick and accurate. It can be used for effective quality control of Dilong Shenmai oral liquid.