Objective To define the significance of the anatomical division and features of popliteal artery in popliteal angioplasty.Methods This study involved 118 lower limbs in 113 cases of femoropoliteal occlusive disease undergoing angioplasty in our center between August 2011 and July 2013.A bent-knee angiogram was taken before recanalization of the lesion.The flexion pattern and the location of flexion points of popliteal artery were collected to study their relationship with the division of popliteal artery.A post-procedural bent-knee angiogram was taken in case of popliteal stenting to assess any change in flexion angulation and distal flow.Results There are diverse flexion patterns in popliteal artery,75.4％ of the flexion points locate in P2 segment,18.6％ in P1,and 6.0％ in P3.On post-procedural bent-knee angiogram in 73 cases of popliteal stenting,10 had a more acute distal flexion angulation,distal artery kinking was observed in another 6 cases of which 5 had compromised distal flow.Artery kinking only occurred in cross-flexion-point stenting.Conclusions A better understanding of the division and anatomical features of popliteal artery can be obtained via bent-knee angiogram.This is of value to angioplasty for lesions in different popliteal divisions.

The article discusses the experiences of five-year minority medical students in internal medicine practice teaching.The content includes cultivating studnts’ ability of clinic thought,the application of casuistics methods,PBL method,combination of teaching and clinic,me-dia mix’s application,improving students’communication ability,adjusting teaching method in time,and so on.The purpose is to improve the effect of minority medical students in internal medicine practice teaching.

Objective: In order to observe the kinds and intensity of the working noise of Yansan Petrochemical Co. and the effects caused by the working noise on the workers＇ vestibular and auditory function. Method :The intensity and frequency of the working noise were recorded by exactolnoisemeter in the workshop. One hundred and seventeen workers were tested in routine pure-tone tested method. The SPVN and ABR were tested within fifty-one workers of all. Result:The working noise of Yansan Petrochemical Co. belongs to the broad band and steady noise. The intensity of the working noise were during 85.7～104.0 dB (A) and the main frequency were during 1～8 kHz. About 59 percent workers who exposed to the working noise had hearing loss. The most hearing-loss were in the high frequency. The hearing-loss of speech frequency were slight. Workers who have more six years standing have obviously increased hearing-loss than the workers who have less five years standing. There were significant differences the ABR thresholds and wave-interval between the tested and controlled groups. The SPVN and CP were abnormal in more than 17.4 percent workers with hearing loss. Conclusion: The working noise of Yansan Petrochemical Co. belongs to the broad band and steady noise. Working noise can lead to workers＇ hearing loss of certain degrees who exposed in the noise for a long time. Obvious correlation was not defined between the hearing-loss and the abnormal vestibular response group.

ObjectiveTo investigate the safety and efficacy of carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) insufflation during ERCP.MethodsBetween January and August 2011,a total of 102 consecutive patients who underwent ERCP were randomized to accept CO2 insufflation ( n =52 ) of air insufflation ( n =50 ) during the procedure.ERCP was carried out with the same instrument by an expert endoscopist who was blinded to the insufflation gas used and the procedure was controlled at 30 minutes to 1 hour.The heart rate,oxygen saturation of the patient was continuously monitored during the procedure.Before the procedure and 1 hour after the end of operation,abdominal X-ray was taken to evaluate the width of intestine,and the degree of intestinal expansion was defined as normal,mild,moderate and severe according to the width increased.A questionnaire with 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to quantify the abdominal pain and distention experienced at 1 hour,2 hours,and 6 hours after the procedure.The patients' vital signs,bowel dilatation,the average operating time,abdominal pain score and distention score on VAS,and complications in 2 groups were analyzed.ResultsThe baseline characteristics of 2 groups were comparable.ERCP was successfully performed in all the patients and no complication was observed.In CO2 group,the average operating time,mean heart rate and oxygen saturation were (45.2 ± 10.6) min,( 102.2 ± 10.3 ) bpm and ( 99.5 ± 0.5)％,which were (48.5 ± 11.2) min,( 100.3 ± 11.4) bpm and (98.9 ±0.6)％,respectively,in air group.There were no significant differences on these items between the 2 groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Moderate to severe intestinal expansion 1 hour after ERCP was found in 14 patients (26.9％ ) in CO2 group and in 28 patients (56.0％ ) in air group,and the latter was significantly higher than the former (x2 =11.61,P =0.009).Both of the mean abdominal pain and abdominal distention scores at 1 hour post-ERCP in CO2 group were lower than those in air group,but without significant difference (P ＞0.05).However,the mean abdominal pain scores at 2 hours and 6 hours post-ERCP in CO2 group were significantly lower than those of patients in air group (7.4 ±2.2 vs.18.7 ±4.6 at 2 hours post-ERCP,9.6 ±3.7 vs.20.1 ±4.5 at 6 hours post-ERCP,all P ＜ 0.05 ).Similarly,the mean abdominal distention scores at 2 hours and 6 hours post-ERCP in CO2 group were significant lower than those of patients in air group (7.6 ±3.6 vs.18.3 ±4.1 at 2 hours post-ERCP,8.9 ±3.7 vs.19.4 ±4.2 at 6 hours post-ERCP,all P ＜0.05).ConclusionThe use of CO2 insufflation instead of air during ERCP appears to be safe.Insufflation of CO2 during ERCP palliates the intestinal expansion,post-ERCP abdominal pain and distention comparison to insufflation of air.However,because of the single-center clinical observation with limited number of cases,the safety and efficacy of CO2insufflation during ERCP requires to be further evaluated.

AIM: To design,prepare and screen out functional small interfering RNA(siRNA) for specifically silencing proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) gene expression and effectively inhibiting cell proliferation on human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721,human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901 and human colorectal carcinoma cell line Caco2.METHODS: PCNA siRNA was designed based on previous studies about design guidelines and synthesized in vitro by T7 Mega short script reaction kit according to the manufacturer's instructions.After purification,the integrities of siRNA were identified through 19% denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,and the concentrations of the generated siRNA were measured by testing the absorbance at 260 nm using a spectrophotometer.Four synthesized double-strand siRNA were transfected into three types of carcinoma cell lines by LipofectamineTM2000 reagent,respectively.WST-8 assay was employed to examine the proliferative inhibitions of these three cell lines.The subsequent alterations on PCNA mRNA and protein levels were determined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry,respectively.RESULTS: 3 sequences,No.2,No.3 and No.4 PCNA siRNA showed effective inhibitions on tumor cells among the 4 candidate siRNA,and a single dose of 50 nmol/L of No.2,No.4 PCNA siRNA showed the most effective inhibitory rates as more than 62% at 48 h after transfection.50 nmol/L of No.2 and No.4 PCNA siRNA transfection caused 72% decrease of PCNA mRNA level and almost completely loss of the protein in human Caco2 cells.CONCLUSION: No.2 and No.4 PCNA siRNA have been screened out in this study,which show the capability to effectively down-regulated PCNA expression and significantly inhibit the proliferation of carcinoma cells.The optimal concentration is 50 nmol/L and satisfactory effects are achieved 48 h after transfection in vitro.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety,and short-term therapeutic effect of laparoscopic azygoportal disconnection without splenectomy for cirrhotic portal hypertension (PLT count ＞ 50 × 109/L).Methods Clinical data of 48 patients with bleeding portal hypertension and secondary hypersplenism (PLT count ＞ 50 × 109/L) undergoing laparoscopic splenectomy and azygoportal disconnection (LSD,n =26) vs.laparoscopic azygoportal disconnection (LD,n =22) between January 2014 and August 2015 were analyzed.Results Operative time (82 ± 29) min,intraoperative blood loss 20(10-50) ml,days of postoperative fever 0(0-3) d,rate of postoperative fever 10/22,postoperative hospital stay (7.0 ± 1.3) d,and WBC counts (3.8 ± 1.6) × 109/L,PLT counts 64 (49-88) × 109/L,and the incidence of portal vein thrombosis on POD 7 (14％),were significantly less in LD group than in LSD group [(180±41) min,80(20-500) ml,2(0-4) d,(22/26),(10.8 ±3.0) d,(9.1 ±3.1) × 109/L,156 (78-630) × 109/L,(42％)],(t =9.637,Z =-4.746,Z =-2.314,x2 =8.224,t =5.794,t =7.785,Z=-5.508,x2 =4.742,all P ＜ 0.05).Immune function was better in LD group than in splenectomy group at postoperative month 3.The serum proportion of CD4 + (58 ± 11) and the CD4 +/CD8 + ratio (1.9 ±0.7) at postoperative month 3 were significantly higher after LD than after LSD [(43 ± 14),(1.2 ± 0.9)],(t =-3.755,t =-2.509,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Laparoscopic azygoportal disconnection without splenectomy is safe and effective for esophagogastric variceal hemorrhage and moderate hypersplenism (PLT ＞ 50 × 109/L) secondary to portal hypertension.

BACKGROUND:The mechanical characteristics of intramedul ary and intramedul ary fixations for treating intertrochanteric fracture were hot research of finite element, but there was few comparative research on tension side and pressure side of proximal femur. In our study, we found that the distribution of the stress zone was important indication to researches on intertrochanteric fracture and internal fixation design. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of intramedul ary and extramedul ary fixations for treating intertrochanteric fracture on pressure side and tensile side of proximal femur. METHODS:CT scan and Mimics modeling of volunteer’s femur were conducted, and the model Evans type I intertrochanteric fracture was constructed and treated with proximal femoral nail antirotation and dynamic hip screw respectively. The stress condition of proximal femur in weight status was simulated. The Abaqus 6.13 was used for finite element analysis, and the tension side and pressure side of proximal femur in both fixations were also analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The stresses of compressive side and tensile side in proximal femoral nail antirotation group were both less than that in dynamic hip screw group. The stress of proximal femur in proximal femoral nail antirotation group was more similar to that in physiological status. (2) These findings verified that for treating intertrochanteric fracture, intramedul ary fixation exerted better mechanical behavior than extramedul ary fixation. The protection of compressive side and tensile side of proximal femur had achieved by intramedul ary fixation.

Objective To study CT numbers correction of kilo?voltage cone?beam CT (KV?CBCT) images for dose calculation. Method Aligning the CBCT images with plan CT images, then obtain the background scatter by subtracting CT images from CBCT images. The background scatter is then processed by low?pass filter. The final CBCT images are acquired by subtracting the background scatter from the raw CBCT. KV?CBCT images of Catphan600 phantom and four patients with pelvic tumors were obtained with the linac?integrated CBCT system. The CBCT images were modified to correct the CT numbers. Finally, compare HU numbers between corrected CBCT and planning CT by paired T test. Evaluate the image quality and accuracy of dose calculation of the modified CBCT images. Results The proposed method reduces the artifacts of CBCT images significantly. The differences of CT numbers were 232 HU, 89 HU, 29 HU and 66 HU for air, fat, muscle and femoral head between CT and CBCT respectively (P= 0?? 39,0?? 66,0?? 59,1).The differences of CT numbers between CT and CBCT was reduced to within 5 HU. And the error of dose calculation with corrected CBCT images was within 2%. Conclusions The CT numbers of corrected CBCT are similar with plan CT images and dose calculations based on the modified CBCT show good agreement with plan CT.

Objective To explore the potential mechanism of Fasudil hydrochloride pharmacologic postconditioning that alleviated acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) in rats,narrowed the scope of infacted myocardium,and inhibited cell apoptosis.Methods Ninety rats were randomly and averagely divided into 5 groups:sham group,ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group,ischemic postconditioning (IPost) group,fasudil hydrochloride (FH) group,and FH and PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) (FH + I) group.The expressions of Rho associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase-1 (ROCK-1),Bcl-2,Bax,Caspase-3,Akt,and P-Akt in rat myocardial cells were determined.Results Compared to I/R group (ROCK1:2.94 ± 0.13),ROCK1 expression was not changed in IPost group (ROCK1:2.79 ± 0.11),FH group (ROCK1:2.83 ± 0.10),and FH + I group (ROCK1:2.85 ± 0.26).Compared to I/R group (Bcl-2:1.11 ± 0.12,P-Akt:1.09 ± 0.06,Bax:1.74 ± 0.06,and caspase-3:1.32 ± 0.12),the expressions of Bcl-2 and P-Akt in FH group (Bcl-2:1.76 ± 0.08,and P-Akt:1.73 ± 0.05) and IPost group (Bcl-2:1.74 ± 0.06,and P-Akt:1.37 ± 0.05) were all significantly higher than those in I/R group (P ＜ 0.05),while the expressions of Bax and caspase-3 in FH group (Bax:0.98 ±0.14,and caspase-3:0.97 ±0.06) and IPost group (Bax:0.97 ±0.11,and caspase-3:1.07 ±0.08) were all significantly lower than those in I/R group (P ＜0.05).Compared to FH group,the expressions of Bcl-2 and P-Akt in FH + I group (Bcl2:1.05 ±0.12,and P-Akt:1.21 ±0.06) were decreased (P ＜0.05),while the levels of Bax and caspase-3 (Bax:1.61 ±0.11,and caspase-3:1.42 ± 0.11) were increased (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The mechanism of FH postconditioning was associated with the inhibition of ROCK activity,and the activation of PI3K-Akt pathway.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value and safety of endobronchial ultrasoundguided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in elderly patients with bronchogenic carcinoma.Methods From August,2013 and July,2014,31 patients aged 65 years and over with space-occupying mass and enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes detected by CT or positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) underwent EBUS-TBNA.Rapid onsite cytology evaluation was not performed.Results There were 26 males and 5 females in this study,aged 65-77 years (70.1 years old on average).In 31 patients,70 samples were obtained from lymph nodes (LNs) and 4 samples were obtained from intrapulmonary lesions.29 cases were diagnosed as lung cancer,and 2 cases had false-negative diagnoses.The sensitivity and specificity rates of EBUS-guided TBNA method were 93.6％ and 100.0％,respectively.No major complications were observed in this series.Conclusions EBUS-TBNA is an safe and effective method in diagnosing bronchogenic carcinoma in elderly patients.