Objective To study the anatomy and homodynamics of the normal testis vessels in puberty using color Doppler flow imaging to obtain the normal value ranges of each flow parameter and evaluate the waveform characteristics of the testicular and its clinical significances. Methods The anatomy and homodynamic parameters of testicular artery (TA), capsular artery (CA), intratesticular artery (ITA), deferential and cremasteric arteries were studied in 141 normal pubertal volunteers. The following blood flow parameters were included: time average maximum velocity (TAMX), peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI). Results ① The blood flow in TA, CA and ITA was visualized bilaterally in all the subjects; deferential and cremasteric arteries were identified in 98.6% of the subjects. ② The normal ranges of the homodynamic parameters of supratesticular artery, CA and ITA were obtained in puberty. ③ PSV, PI and RI decreased gradually in the following arteries: TA→CA→ITA. Conclusion The testicular arterial anatomy and arterial waveform characteristics of normal pubertal testis can be accurately evaluated by CDFI. It is helpful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of testicular diseases in pubertal youngsters.

Objective To discuss the influence of tibolone on near and long-term postoperative effect of osteoporosis patients with bone cementless type artificial total hip replacement effect.Methods 136 patients with hip fracture by bone cementless type artificial total hip replacement were selected.According to the situation of osteoporosis,all patients were divided into osteoporosis group and control group.The osteoporosis group received tibolone treatment,followed up for 12 weeks.The intraoperative blood loss,operating time were analyzed.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine serum bone alkaline phosphatase(sBAP),osteocalcin(sOC),C-terminal peptide collagen cross-linking Ⅰ type(sCTx).Harris hip score was applicated to evaluate hip function.Before and after treatment,lumbar vertebra bone mineral density(BMD) was detected by dual-energy X-ray absorption metry method.Results The intraoperative blood loss,operating time between the two groups had no significant differences(all P>0.05).The serum sBAP and sOC levels of the osteoporosis group were (28.41±6.13)U/L,(22.74±5.87)g/L,which were significantly lower than those of the control group[(35.18±7.21) U/L,(27.42±6.38)g/L],the serum sCTx level[(0.56±0.21)ng/mL]was higher than that of the control group[(0.42±0.11)ng/mL].The differences were statistically significant(tsBAP=5.36,tsOC=6.62,tsCTx=6.71,all P<0.05).On behalf of the hip joint function in the osteoporosis group was 58.82%,which was lower than 71.76% in the control group(χ2=6.78,P<0.05).The lumbar spine BMD of the control group at 12 weeks was higher than the osteoporosis group,but there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).Conclusion The type of bone cement after total hip arthroplasty patients with osteoporosis bone metabolism and bone mineral density in osteoporosis patients are poor in the hip joint function recovery is poorer,postoperatively for drug resistance to osteoporosis treatment can effectively avoid further loss of bone mass,it is worthy of further clinical promotion.

Objective To compare the contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) manifestations of pNENs with the pathological changes and to explore the clinical value of CEUS in diagnosis of pNENs. Methods The CEUS of sixteen pathologically diagnosed pNENsfrom April,2012 to February,2014 were retrospectively observed.The CEUS of thirty pathologically diagnosed pancreatic carcinomas during the same period were taken as the control group.The enhancement extent and enhancement patterns of CEUS in pancreatic tumors were analyzed. The specimens of pNENs were stained with HE and CD34 immunochemistry.The grading of interstitial content and Ki-67 index were obtained on HE-stained slices and microvascular density(MVD) were obtained on CD34 immunochemistry stained slices.Spearman rank test analysis was employed to analyze the correlation.Results Among the 16 cases of pNENs,12 cases (75.0%) demonstrated hyper-or iso-enhancement,which included 6 cases (37.5%) showing homogeneous enhancement and 6 cases (37.5%) showing inhomogeneousen hancement,and the other 4 cases demonstrated hypo-enhancement. Among 30 cases of pancreatic carcinomas,25 cases (83.3%) demonstrated hypo-enhancement and 5 cases (16.7%) hyper- or iso-enhancement,and 21 cases (70.0%) demonstrated homogenous enhancement,and 9 cases(30.0%)inhomogeneous enhancement.Taking hyper-or iso-enhancement on CEUS as the diagnostic criteria,its diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and accuracy were 75.0%,83.3%,70.6%,86.2%,80.4%respectively.Negative and positive correlation of the enhancement extent of pNENs with the interstitial content(r =-0.880,P < 0.001) and MVD (r =0.658,P =0.003) were observed,respectively.Six tumors with inhomogeneous enhancement contained cystic degradation or necrosis under microscope. Conclusions CEUS is an effective and non-invasive diagnostic approach for pNENs and can reflect the pathological changes.Hyper-or iso-enhancement of CEUS is typical appearance of pNENs.

Zishi township of Jiangling city is located in the canal area inside embankment,a heavy endemic area of schistosomiasis japonica in Hubei province. The population and cattle preva-lence was 29.5% and 66.7% respectively in 1992. There are 66 canals and it covered a total area of 300000m2. 97.0% of the canals and 99.3% of the total area had snail inhabitants, and 7.6% of the snails distributed in canal was infected which covered 18.3% of the total area. The snails were mainly distributed in the main canal and their branches. The rate of snail distribution was 45.2% and 39.8% respectively. Cattle was pastured all year round in this area. Examination of scattered cattle feces and water revealed that the major factor of water contamination was scattered cattle feces. It explained why the infection rate of snail was high and the distribution of infected snail was extensive and how the major high rise area inside embankment was formed.

Objective To study changes in the expression levels of OX-62, OX-6 and CD86 of mononuclear cells and the related chemotatic factor macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) in the livers of rats with Walker-256 tumors treated with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and to elucidate the influence of RFA on differentiation and migration of liver dendritic cells(DCs).Methods Walker-256 liver tumors were induced in 60 SpragueDawley rats by implanting tumor particles. These rats were randomly divided equally into three groups from which liver tissue around the local area of the tumor was sampled at 7 d and 14 d after RFA. The mononuclear liver cells were separated with Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. The expression levels of OX-62, OX-6 and CD86 in the mononuclear cells were analyzed with flow cytometry. The expression level of MIP-1α in the liver tissue was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The average expression of OX-6 in the control rats was 15.29 ±4.59% and those 7 d and 14 d after RFA were 34.20±11.62% and 39.18±9.14% respectively. The difference between the two RFA groups and the control group was statistically significant. The average expression rate of OX-62 in the control rats was 18.91±4.58% and those 7 d and 14 d after RFA were 24.49±4.45% and 22.77 ± 3.50% respectively. The difference between the 7 d group and the control group was significant. The average expression rate of CD86 in the control rats was 66.29±17.69% and those 7 d and 14 d after RFA were 55.29±10.69% and 55.93±12.64% respectively. These differences between both RFA groups and the controls group were not significant. The average expression level of MIP-1 α around the tumors was 232.92±54.58 pg/ml in the controls and 499.38±15.14 pg/ml and 495.90±9.94 pg/ml 7d and 14 d after RFA respectively. These differences from the controls were both statistically significant. Conclusion The expression of MIP-1α around the tumors was elevated after RFA, which could promote the migration of DCs. The changes in the expression of OX-62, OX-6 and CD86 also could reflect increased DC differentiation, which could improve local antigen-presenting capacity to a certain extent and recovery of host anti-tumor immune response.

Objective To develop a method of quantitative analysis of multi-components with single marker (QAMS) for simultaneous determination of Salidroside, Loganin and Polydatin;To validate its accuracy and feasibility in Buxin Ruanmai Granules.Methods Salidroside was used as the internal reference substance, and the content of Salidroside in Buxin Ruanmai granules was determined by external standard method, with a purpose to establish its relative correction factor with Loganin and Polydatin. The contents of Loganin and Polydatin were calculated by the relative correction factor, and then multi-components assay with single marker was realized. The three contents in Buxin Ruanmai Granules were determined by both QAMS and external standard method, and their results were also compared.Results The results of 10 batches of samples by two methods did not show significant difference, which showed that relative correction factors had good reproducibility and credits.Conclusion The QAMS method can be used to quality evaluation with multiple indicators of Buxin Ruanmai Granules.

BACKGROUND: Based on a mouse model of tibial implantation, some scholars have found that the CaP-coated implant with recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-34) (PTH(1-34)) shows strong osteogenesis effect at early stage, but this coating has not been applied in the oral environment.OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of local application of PTH(1-34) on immediate implant osseointegration . METHODS: Nine New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups (six in experimental group and three in control group). All of the tooth sockets were filled with heterogeneous freeze-dried bone firstly after four incisors of each rabbit were extracted. In the experimental group, a titanium screw with PTH(1-34) loaded CaP coating was implanted into each tooth socket, while in the control group, a titanium screw with only CaP coating was implanted. The animals were executed respectively at 4, 8, 12 weeks after operation, and the intact maxillary and mandibular specimens were harvested and tested by gross observation, bone density analysis, torque test, histologic al observation, X-ray observation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The gray value and maximum torque value of regenerated osseous tissue at different time points in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Within 4-12 weeks after implantation, regenerated and mature bone tissue appeared earlier in the experimental group than the control group. A large amount of new blood vessels were seen in the experimental group at 8 weeks after implantation, while in the control group, there were only few new blood vessels. To conclude, the local application of PTH(1-34) can promote bone formation, improve the implant-bone bonding strength, and enhance the stability of the implant.

Objective To establish the quality standard of Buxin Ruanmai granules. Methods TLC was used to identify Ophiopogonis, Corni Fructus, Hirudo, Ginkgo Folium and Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix. HPLC was used to determine the content of salidroside and loganin. Results Ophiopogonis, Corni Fructus, Hirudo, Ginkgo Folium and Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix could be identified by TLC. The linear range of salidroside was within 0.290 2-2.902 4 μg and the average recovery (n=6) was 99.64%(RSD=2.72%). The linear range of loganin was within 0.083 1-0.831 2 μg and the average recovery (n=6) was 100.12% (RSD=2.27%). Conclusion The method is simple, accurate and reproducible, which can effectively control the quality of Buxin Ruanmai granules.

Objective To discuss the change of serum TGF-β1 and IL-10 in peripheral blood of rats with liver tumor treated by RFA.Methods Thirty experimental liver tumor model of SD rats were prepared by implantation of tumor particles.These rats were randomly divided equally into three groups including 1 week after RFA,2 week after RFA and control group.Peripheral blood of control group,group 1 week after RFA and group 2 week after RFA was taken out respectively without RFA,1 week and 2 week after RFA.The mononuclear cells of peripheral blood were separated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation.The expression level of IL-10 in peripheral blood was analyzed with flowcytometry.Serum TGF-β1 were dectected by ELISA.Results The serum expression level of TGF-β1 of control group was(6.61±0.12)μg/L,and that of group 1 week and 2 week after RFA were respectively(5.63±0.46)μg/L and(5.53±0.56)μg/L.There was statistical significance for the difference between control group and group 1 week or group 2 week after RFA.The serum expression level of IL-10 of control gorup was 95.92±2.31,and that of group 1 week and 2 week after RFA were respectively 89.71±5.44 and 87.67±11.11.There was statistical significance for the difference between control group and group 1 week after RFA.Conclusions RFA can destroy the tumor tissues in situ and relief immune suppression by IL-10,TGF-β1 secreted by tumor tissue.RFA can improve differentiation and maturation of dendritic cell in local area of tumor and promate ability of antigen-presentation of body.

Objective To investigate the changes of chemokines related to dendritic cells in liver and spleen in rats with hepatic carcinoma treated by radiofrequency ablation (RFA),and to explore the mechanism of anti-tumor responses to RFA.Methods Forty healthy SD rats with established animal model of hepatic carcinoma were randomly divided into control group (n=10),RFA 7d group (n=16) and RFA 14d group (n=14).The rats of control group were killed without treatment.The other rats were killed in 7d and 14d after RFA treatment respectively.Spleen and liver tissue around the ablation area or around the tumor were taken out.The expressions of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1a in liver tissue and MIP-3β in spleen were analyzed by ELISA.Results The expression of MIP-1a in liver tissue was (232.92±54.5B)ng/L in control group,which enhanced to (499.38±15.14)ng/L and (495.90±9.94)ng/L in RFA 7d and 14d groups respectively.There were significant differences between control and RFA 7d group,control and RFA 14d group(P＜0.05).The expression of MIP-3βin spleen was (70.08±2.67) ng/L in control group,which enhanced to (151.57±48.48)ng/L and (154.57±18.25)ng/L in RFA 7 d and 14 d groups respectively.There were significant differences between control and RFA 7 d group,control and RFA 14 d group (P＜0.05).Conclusions The expressions of MIP-1a in liver tissue and MIP-3β in spleen increase significantly after RFA.These changes will promote recruitment and migration of dendritic cells and may contribute to the anti-tumor responses after RFA.