The quality of images with DR (direct radiography) is analysed. And how to obtain the best images is discussed. The problem is solved by applying posture design for X-ray radiography, setting suitable parameters of digital radiography, using image post-processing workstation, matching laser cameras, regularly maintaining devices, and creating a suitable circumstances for facilities. Also, the methods for obtaining the best images which are helpful clinically become easier and more convenient.

Objective To investigate IL-6 and CRP levels,and their relationship with airflow obstruction、frequency of exacerbation in patients with COPD.Methods From Feb.2004 to Jul.2004,sputum and serum specimens were obtained from 54 patients with stable COPD and 10 age-matched healthy controls.The concentrations of sputum IL-6 and serum IL-6 were measured by ELISA.The concentrations of sputum CRP and serum CRP were measured by transmissive heterometric titration.Results (1)Sputum IL-6 levels in COPD patients of all stages were higher than those in controls(P

Iodine is an essential trace element for growth and development of fetus. More and more surveys currently show that the urinary iodine level of pregnant women is between 100 - 149 μg/L, which is lower than the level recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Under this level of iodine nutrition, different investigations have shown different effects on thyroid function of pregnant women, and the impact on growth and development of the fetus requires long-term objective evaluation. At present, there are three aspects: development, intelligence quotient (IQ), and psychological behavior. There are not many studies on comprehensive evaluation. This article combs the related published research to provide a reference for further clarifying the influence of iodine nutrition level during pregnancy on thyroid function of pregnant women and the growth and development of their offspring.

Objective To explore the feasibility of using unilateral continuous spinal anesthesia (CSA) in elderly patients undergoing hip replacement.Methods Forty-two ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ patients (14 males, 28 females) aged 60-93yr were randomized to one of two groups: group 1 unilateral CSA (n = 21) and group 2 continuous epidural anesthesia (CEA,n = 21 ) . The patients in both groups were all premedicated with oral diazepam 5 mg and intramuscular scopolamine 0.3 mg. In group 1 unilateral CSA was performed at L2,3 or 3,4 interspace with the patients in the lateral position with the diseased leg upper most. The patients received a 27 gauge continuous spinal catheter, which was threaded through a 22 gauge spinal needle into subarachnoid space. Hypobaric 0-375% bupivacaine solution (0.75 % bupivacaine: sterile water = 1:1) 0.5-1.0ml was injected. If analgesia did not reach T10 after 5-10 min the same dose was repeated. In group 2 epidural catheter was placed also at L2.3or3,4. A test dose of 3 ml of 2% lidocaine was injected and then a mixture of 2% lidocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine (1:1) 8-10 ml was injected into the epidural space. The level of sensory block and degree of motor blockade were measured and recorded. The intraoperative and postoperative complications associated with spinal or epidural anesthesia were recorded. Results The demographic data, duration of operation and intraoperative blood loss were comparable between the two groups.In group 1 sensory block was confined to the diseased leg and no motor blockade of the healthy leg was observed. MAP was slightly decreased after initial dose of local anesthetics as compared to the baseline MAP in both groups. There was no significant change in SpO2 during operation in both groups. The incidences of hypotension, which needed treatment with intravenous ephedrine and shivering during operation and nausea and vomiting after operation were significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2. Conclusion Unilateral CSA produces satisfactory sensory block with stable hemodynamics and less complications and is anesthesia method of choice in elderly patients undergoing hip replacement.

Objective To establish a HPLC method to determine the content of chlorogenic acid in Fructus Chaenomelis and its wine processing products.Methods Separation column was Agilent SB-C18(4.6mm?250mm,5?m) with the column temperature of 25℃.The mobile phase composition was methonal-1%HAc (80:20). The mobile speed was 1.0ml/min.The UV detection wavelength was 326 nm. Results A good linearity was obtained in the range of 5.47～71.14?g/ml,with r=0.9999. The average recovery was 101.98%,and RSD was 2.08% (n=6). Conclusion The content of chlorogenic acid was vary with the producing area of Fructus Chaenomelis.After wine processing,the content of chlorogenic acid was raised.The method was good for determining chlorogenic acid in Fructus Chaenomelis.

Hepatolenticular degeneration,namely Wilson's disease,an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism.The author of this article gave a definition to toxin-pathogen,discussed the basic concept of collaterals disease briefly.And pointed out that hepatolenticular degeneration is a disease due to toxin-pathogen invading collaterals,which was caused by disorder of copper metabolism.This can result in toxin stagnating in collaterals and stagnation of blood stasis in collaterals in the initial stage,and collaterals injured at last.To improve QI-blood circulation and regulate the function of zang fu is important in order to accelerate elimination of toxin and prevent copper from stagnating. Specific therapy vary according to different clinical symptoms,such as promoting blood circulation for removing obstruction in collaterals and clearing toxin, clearing heat-fire and clearing toxin and dispersing stagnated liver-qi for promoting bile flow et al.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of primary Sj(o)gren syndrome (pSS) with interstitial lung disease (pSS-ILD) so as to raise the clinical diagnosis Level. Methods The clinical data were collected from 58 patients with pSS,who were admitted from March 2006 to March 2009. The patients were divided into ILD group (27 cases) and non-ILD group (31 cases). Rheumatoid factor(RF),C-reactive protein (CRP), protein electrophoresis and complement C3, C4 in serum were measured by immunoturbidimetric methods. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-ENA antibodies were measured by indirect immunofluorescence technique and western blot. CA125 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was detected by WS method. Pulmonaly function tests and radiology examination were performed. Results Compared with those in non-ILD group,the percentages of dry mouth,dry eye, rampant caries and velcro crackles were significantly higher in ILD group,anti-SSA antibody, ESR,CRP, CA125 and title of γ-gloulin was significantly higher in ILD group. In ILD group,diffusion dysfunction was 18 cases (66.7%),restricted ventilation dysfunction was 14 cases (51.9%),blocked ventilation dysfunction was 6 cases (22.2%), incorporated ventilation dysfunction was 8 cases(29.6%), forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, maximum midexpiratory flow, DLCO were significantly lower in ILD group than those in non-ILD group (P ＜ 0.01). Moreover,high resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) was more sensitive than chest X-ray in the diagnosis of pSS-ILD.Conclusions The presence of pSS-ILD highly associates with the activity of pSS. Pulmonary diffusion ventilation function and HRCT play an important role in the diagnosis of pSS-ILD.

AIM To observe the effects of Guhoukang Granules (Eucommiae Cortex,Dipsaci Radix,Corni Fructus,etc.) on bone metabolism indexes of the geriatric femoral intertrochanteric fracture.METHODS A total of eighty patients meeting the inclusion criteria,cured with fixed operation of proximal femoral anti-rotation nail and given basic care,were divided randomly and equally into two groups:experiment group (Guhoukang Granules ) and control group (calcium carbonate D3 tablets).Three months made a course.Osteocalcin (OC),calcitonin (CT),bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP),total procollagen type 1 aminoterminal propeptide (tPINP),β isomer of the C-terminal telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen (β-CTX),and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH),were examined before and after three months,respectively.RESULTS There were no significant statistical difference in the levels of OC,CT,BALP,tPINP,β-CTX and iPTH before operation in both groups.The levels of OC,CT,BALP,tPINP in the experiment group obviously increased and the levels of β-CTX,iPTH markedly decreased after the operation,and were better than those in the experiment group pre-operation and in the control group after the operation.The control group had no improvement in bone metabolism indexes pre-and post-operation.CONCLUSION Guhoukang Granules can improve bone metabolism of the geriatric femoral intertrochanteric fracture and facilitate the recovery of the fracture.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the contents determination of tetrahydropalmatine and rosmarinic acid in Xiaoheling capsule. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Phenomenex C18 with mobile phase A of 0.1% phosphoric acid(adjusted pH to 6.0 with triethylamine)-methanol(45:55,V/V) and (adjusted pH to 6.0 with triethylamine) B of 0.1% phos-phoric acid-methanol(55:45,V/V)(gradient elution)at flow rate of 0.8 ml/min,detection wavelength was 282 nm(0-25 min)and 330 nm(25.01-60 min)and volume size was 10 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 1.502-75.10 μg/ml for tetrahydropalmatine and 6.03-301.6 μg/ml for rosmarinic acid(r=0.999 8);RSDs of precision,reproducibility and stability tests were ≤1.36%;recoveries were 97.11-99.87%(RSD=0.95%,n=9)and 98.47-101.99%(RSD=1.08%,n=9),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate and reliable,and can be used for contents determination of tetrahydropalmatine and rosmarinic acid in Xiaoheling capsule.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of clinical pharmacist intervention on the rational use of Alanyl-glutamine injection.METHODS:Referring to package inserts of Alanyl-glutamine injection,Clinical Pharmacy Consensus of Parenteral Nutrition,ASPEN Nutrition Therapy Guidelines for Critically Ill Patients,related domestic and foreign literatures,evaluation criteria for Alanyl-glutamine injection rational use was formulated.After collecting Alanyl-glutamine injection cases (497 cases) in the second quarter of 2015 and those cases (385 cases) in the second quarter of 2016,rational use of Alanyl-glutamine injection were analyzed comparatively before and after intervention.RESULTS:The utilization rate and irrational rate of Alanyl-glutamine injection were 4.6％ and 52.9％ before intervention as well as 2.9％ and 10.9％ after intervention,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).There was statistical significance in hyper-indication,excessive concentration of drug liquid,excessive supply of amino acid,irrational compatibility and solvent selection,long treatment course before and after intervention (P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Clinical pharmacists reduce irrational rate of drug use and guarantee safe and effective drug use through formulating evaluation criteria for Alanyl-glutamine injection rational use and providing pharmaceutical intervention on rational use of Alanyl-glutamine injection.