The incidence of prostate cancer ( PCa ) is rising steadily among males in many countries.Serum prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) is widely applied in clinical diagnosis and screening of PCa.However, the grey area of PSA levels has a low specificity in PCa screening and may lead to a high rate of negative biopsy and overtreatment.The PCA3 gene is strongly and specifically overexpressed in PCa cells and malignant prostate tissue.The gene has been identified as a molecular biomarker for PCa detecting.The diagnostic significance of PCA3, however, is awaiting further researches.In this review, the progress of molecular biological characteristics of PCA3,and its applications in diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer were discussed.

Affected by many factors such as environment and lifestyle change , prostate cancer has become common malignancy in older men . The introduction and widespread adoption of PSA has revolutionized the way prostate cancer is diagnosed and treated .However , the use of PSA has also led to over-diagnosis and overtreatment of prostate cancer resulting in controversy about its use for screening .PSA also has limited predictive accuracy for predicting outcomes after treatment and for making clinical decisions about adjuvant and salvage therapies .Hence, there is an urgent need for novel biomarkers to supplement PSA for detection and management of prostate cancer .In this review, we discuss the traditional and new relevant molecular markers of early diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer for clinical diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer providing a reference .

Liver cancer has a high morbidity and mortality in China.With new technologies and diagnostic instruments being developed,it is a common goal for researchers to discover some new diagnostic biomarkers of high sensitivity and specificity on liver cancer.The clinical laboratory is responsible to choose and understand the diagnosis value of these laboratory indicators and variation in the liver cancer progress.Then,these new biomarkers in screening for early malignancy,aiding cancer diagnosis,determining prognosis can be used effectively in the clinical laboratory to improve laboratory diagnostic capacity in order to serve the clinic more effectively and better.

Objective To explore the role of bright vessel sign (BVS) on raw three dimensional arterial spin labeling (3D ASL) image in evaluating occlusion of intracranial artery. Methods One hundred and twenty-two patients who were highly suspected of acute cerebral infarction were enrolled and analyzed. All patients were performed magnetic resonance scan with diffusion weighted image (DWI), 3D ASL and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) sequences within 24 hours after admission. The presence or absence of restricted lesion on DWI, BVS and occlusion of intracrainal artery on MRA was reviewed. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of BVS and consistency of BVS and MRA in assessing occlusion of intracranial artery were assessed. Results The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of BVS in assessing occlusion of intracranial artery were 83%, 99%, 95% and 96%, respectively.And the presence or absence of BVS on ASL was highly consistent with MRA in assessing occlusion of intracranial artery (κ=0.86, P<0.01). Conclusion BVS has a good sensitivity and high specificity in identifying occlusion of intracranial artery, and it is highly consistent with MRA.

Objective To assess the reflectance confocal microscopic features of childhood lichen planus (LP),and to evaluate the performance of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) in the diagnosis of childhood LP.Methods RCM was performed for imaging of lesions in 35 children with LP.Then,biopsies were carried out at the same sites followed by histopathological examination.A comparison was conducted between confocal microscopic and histopathological findings.All the 35 cases were diagnosed based on clinical manifestations and histopathological findings.Results RCM imaging of lesions in the 35 cases showed cellular edema forming lowly reflective areas in the epidermis,sharp transition between the granular and spinous layers,and infiltration of moderately reflective inflammatory cells,which corresponded to wedge-shaped thickening of the granular layer on pathological examination.The dermo-epidermal junction was unclear,and dermal papillary rings were obscure or absent with infiltration of inflammatory cells arranged in lamelliform structures around the dermo-epidermal junction,which corresponded to interface dermatitis on histopathological examination.A band-like infiltration of inflammatory cells,including big,highly reflective oval or stelliform pigmentophages and small,moderately reflective round lymphocytes,was observed in the dermis,and the thickness of infiltration was measurable.Dilated blood vessels were longitudinally distributed in the papillary dermis with perivascular infiltration of inflammatory cells and pigmentophages.RCM images were highly consistent with histopathological findings in these patients.Conclusion RCM,as a real-time non-invasive imaging technique,can serve as an auxiliary examination method for the diagnosis of childhood LP.

Objective:To investigate the hyoid bone position on the cephalometric radiographs of patients with early permenant dentitions and Class I or Class Ⅲ malocclusion.Methods:The cephalometric radiographs were taken in centric occlusion and 16 measures were performed on tracing in 30 cases of Class I malocclusion and 30 of Class Ⅲ, the data were statistically analysed.Results:At-APH and S-APH in Class I malocclusion were shorter than those in Class Ⅲ(P

Objective:To investigate the correlation of the relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of three dimensional arterial spin labeling (3D ASL) with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and microvessel density (MVD) in glioma. Methods:Fifty-three glio-ma patients confirmed by pathology were subjected to conventional, enhanced MR and 3D ASL imaging before operation to deter-mine VEGF expression and MVD levels in each patient. The correlations of rCBF with VEGF expression and MVD in glioma were evaluat-ed, respectively. Results:rCBF was noted to be positively correlated to VEGF expression and MVD in glioma. The rs were 0.728 (VEGF) and 0.620 (MVD), respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion:The positive correlation of rCBF with VEGF expression and MVD in glioma implied that 3D ASL is beneficial for evaluating microvessel angiogenesis in glioma prior to surgery. This finding is significant for developing clin-ical treatment plans and for assessing patient prognoses.

BACKGROUND:Currently, there is no effective treatment for keloids that often recur. Its pathogenesis is stil entirely unclear, and fibroblast proliferation and apoptosis have become a research hotspot.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression of Livin, Smac and Caspase-3 in keloids and to analyze their relationship so as to preliminarily explore the significance of Livin, Smac and Caspase-3 in the pathogenesis of keloids.
METHODS:RT-PCR and immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of Livin, Smac and Caspase-3 in keloids (n=20) and normal skin tissues (n=20).
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the normal skin tissue, the mRNA and protein positive expressions of Livin were significantly higher in keloids (P < 0.05), while the mRNA and protein positive expressions of Smac and Caspase-3 were lower in keloids (P < 0.05). There was a negative association between Livin and Smac, Caspase-3 protein expression in keloids. These findings indicate that the high mRNA expression of Livin may cause the imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis of fibroblasts by inhibiting the mRNA expression of Smac and Caspase-3, and eventualy lead to the formation of keloid.

Objective:To observe influence of alprostadil injection on contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in high risk patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods: A total of 263 CIN high risk (CIN risk score ≥16 scores) patients were selected.According to random number table, patients were randomly divided into routine treatment group (n=121, received routine hydration therapy) and alprostadil group (n=142, received additional alprostadil injection based on routine treatment group).Serum creatinine (SCr), glomerular filtration rate(GFR), cystatin C (CysC) and β trace protein (β-TP) level before, 48h and 72h after PCI were measured and compared, and incidence rate of CIN, percentage of blood purification therapy and mortality were compared between two groups.Results: Compared with before PCI, there was significant rise in SCr level and significant reduction in GFR in both groups on 48h and 72h after PCI (P<0.01 all);Compared with routine treatment group, there were significant reductions in levels of SCr [72h: (190.04±28.92) μmol/L vs.(141.10±21.18) μmol/L], and significant rise in GFR [72h: (26.0±4.4) ml/min vs.(36.4±4.9) ml/min], and levels of CysC[72h: (1.75±0.74) mg/L vs.(1.47±0.55) mg/L] and β-TP [72h: (1.53±0.50) mg/L vs.(1.22±0.38) mg/L] significantly decreased in alprostadil group on 48h and 72h after PCI, P<0.05 or <0.01;there were significant reductions in incidence rate of CIN (30.6% vs.18.3%) and percentage of blood purification therapy (10.7% vs.3.5%) in alprostadil group, P=0.001, 0.045 respectively.There was no significant difference in mortality between two groups, P=0.728.Conclusion: Alprostadil injection can significantly improve kidney function, reduce incidence rate of CIN and percentage of blood purification therapy in CIN high risk patients after PCI, which is worth extending.

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of Angle's class, overall ratio and anterior ratio in the creation of tooth size discrepancies, and to determine whether any tooth extraction combinations create more severe discrepancies.

METHODS166 dental casts of orthodontic patients were selected randomly. These models were classified according to angle's criterion. Mesio-distal dimensions of mandibular and maxillary teeth were measured before treatment, and subjected to Bolton's analysis. Hypothetical tooth extraction by the following combinations: all the first premolars, all the second premolars, upper first and lower second premolars, and upper second and lower first premolars, was performed on each patient. The measurement results were again subjected to Bolton's analysis to see whether any tooth-size discrepancy had been created. The results were evaluated statistically by means of Logistic regression model.

RESULTSOverall ratio, anterior ratio and extraction models affected mesio-distal tooth size ratio of both maxillary and mandibular teeth in the final stage of orthodontic treatment, Whereas, the results showed no significant difference among these groups of malocclusion.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggested that dentists should always keep in mind that each patient should be treated individually and should be aware of that other factors also played important roles in determining what teeth, if any, should be removed and the Bolton analyses of all kinds of extraction models should be carried out, as well as the general Bolton analysis.

Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Malocclusion ; classification ; therapy ; Odontometry ; Orthodontics, Corrective ; methods ; Random Allocation ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Tooth ; pathology ; Tooth Extraction