The structure and function of the dialysate circuit of the hemodialysis machine are analyzed with the discussion on the relationship between dialysis quality,safety and compliations with the dialysate circuit,including dialysate temperature control,ultrafiltration control and dialysis hypotension,dialysate mixing and electrolytes homeostasis,disinfections of the machine and chronic inflammation of the patients,in order to improve the understanding on the related problems for both technicians and medical personnel,thus enhancing the prevention,monitoring and appropriate intervention of the potential failures,aiming to ensure the dialysis safety and optimal dialysis quality.

Objective This study was to investigate the effects of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation on the metabolism of glucose and gluconeogenesis. Methods 20 rowers were randomly assigned to supplemental group and control group. During 4 weeks of training, all athletes followed the same training program. After 4 weeks, tests were done on a rowing ergometer, which included an incremental test for 4 mmol/L lactate anaerobic threshold and 2km, 5km maximum intensity exercise. Blood samples were taken prior to, immediately post and 30min post exercise. Results The results showed that serum glucose, alanine values had no significant difference between BCAA group and control group in anaerobic threshold test. In 2km and 5km rowing ergometer exercise, serum glucose values in BCAA group were significant decreased immediately post exercise, but the values in control group were significant decreased both immediately post exercise and 30min post exercise. Serum alanine values in BCAA group were significant increased both immediately post exercise and 30min post exercise, but the values in control group were significant decreased immediately post exercise. Lactate concentrations increased in BCAA supplementation group and were significantly lower (P

Objective To study the relationship between serum retinal binding protein 4 (RBP4) level and acute cerebral infarction,and to analyze the correlation between RBP4 level and the related risk factors of acute cerebral infarction.Methods One hundred and sixty patients with acute cerebral infarction were chosen as observation group,and 80 cases of contemporaneous healthy examined people were selected as control group.The levels of serum RBP4,body mass index (BMI),fasting blood glucose (FBG),fasting serum insulin (FINS),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and blood pressure after admission of each group were measured.Statistic analysis was processed between the level of serum RBP4 and acute cerebral infarction or related risk factors.Results The level of serum RBP4 in observation group was increased compared with that in control group [(41.68 ± 5.12) mg/L vs.(23.84 ± 3.26) mg/L],and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).The Pearson relative analysis showed positive correlation between the level of serum RBP4 and related risk factors of acute cerebral infarction FBG,FINS,LDL-C,BMI,systolic pressure.The Logistic stepwise regression analysis suggested that BMI,LDL-C and age were independently associated with the level of serum RBP4.Conclusion RBP4 plays an important role in the incidence of acute cerebral infarction,high RBP4 level may be one of the dangerous factors of acute cerebral infarction patients and could provide reference to prevents the cerebral infarction.

Objective:To study the effect of recombined TNF ? combined with induction of apoptosis and its relation with expression of bcl 2 in SW480 human colon cancer cells.Methods:The inhibitive effect of 5 Fu and TNF ? was measured by MTT.Apoptosis of colon cancer cells was studied by TUNEL.The expression of bcl 2 gene was determined by immunohistochemical analysis.Results:After SW480 colon cancer cells were treated with combination in various concentration of 5 Fu and 3 000 U/mL of TNF ? for 48 h,MTT assay revealed a significant decrease of relative viability in compasrison to the control.When SW480 colon cancer cells were treated with 3 000 U/mL of TNF ? and 125 ug/mL of 5 Fu in combination for 48 h,TUNEL method showed the number of nick end positive cells was significantly increased in comparison to the control.The expression level of bcl 2 gene lowered significantly than that of the control group.Conclusion:These results confirmed that combined TNF ? and 5 Fu could synergistically induce apoptosis in SW480 cells and decrease the expression level of bcl 2 gene.

Object To study the active constituents of Sanguis Draxonis made form Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour ) S C Chen in China * Methods Various column chromatographies with Sephadex L 20 gel, MCI gel and silica gel were employed for the isolation and purification The structures of compounds were elucidated by spectral analysis Results Twelve compounds were isolated from the commercial product available on the market By means of spectral data, they were identified as 26 O ? D glucopyranosyl furostan 5,25 (27) diene 1?,3?,22?,26 tetrahydroxy 1 O ? L arabinopyranoside (Ⅰ); 3, 4 dihydroxy allylbenzene 4 O ? D glucopyranoside (Ⅱ); 7 hydroxy 3 (p hydroxyphenyl) chroman (Ⅲ); 7, 4′ dihydroxy 3′ methoxyflavan (Ⅳ); 3, 4 dihydroxyallylbenzene (Ⅴ); resveratrol (Ⅵ); 7, 4′ dihydroxy flavanone (Ⅶ); di (p hydroxyphenyl) methane (Ⅷ); acanthoside B (Ⅸ),p hydroxybenzoic acid (Ⅹ); hydroquinone (Ⅺ) and protocatechualdehyde ( ⅩⅡ ) Conclusion Compound Ⅰ and Ⅱ are new natural glycosides, and Ⅴ and Ⅵ are isolated from D cochinchinensis for the first time

Objective To study the correlation of serum hepcidin with residual renal function and micro-inflammation state in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients.Methods Thirty-four stable CADP patients were involved in this study as observers (CAPD group),who had accepted CAPD treatment more than three months; twenty non-dialysis patients with stage 5 of chronic kidney disease were selected as control group.According to the level of high sensitivity Creactive protein (hs-CRP),CAPD patients were divided into two subgroups.There were 14 patients in the hsCRP elevated group (hs-CRP ＞ 3.00 mg/L) and 20 patients in the hs-CRP normal group.In addition,there had been 14 patients with residual renal function in CAPD group.Serum hepcidin was measured by ELISA.Serum Ferritin (FER),hs-CRP,routine blood and biochemistry were measured by routine methods.Calculated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).Pearson correlation and linear regression were used to assess the correlation of serum hepcidin with other laboratory parameters in CAPD patients.Results (1) Serum hepcidin was significantly higher in CAPD patients than control group,but eGFR was significantly lower (P ＜ 0.01).(2) Serum hepcidin levels of no residual renal function patients increased more significantly in CAPD group (P ＜ 0.05).(3) Serum hepcidin levels were higher in hs-CRP elevated group than hs-CRP normal group (P ＜ 0.05).(4) Pearson correlation analyses revealed that serum hepcidin was positively correlated with hs-CRP (r=0.501) and FER (r=0.847,all P ＜ 0.01),and was negatively correlated with Hb (r=-0.919),TRF (r=-0.751),TIBC (r=-0.532,all P ＜ 0.05).(5) Multiple linear regression analysis showed that ferritin and hs-CRP were closely associated with serum hepcidin level in CAPD.Conclusions Serum hepcidin level markedly elevate in CAPD patients,especially in the patients with no residual renal function and micro inflammatory state increased more significantly.

Biological therapy for cancer has became a highpoint in recent years.It has been widely applied in clinical field.Management of their unique toxicities becomes more and more important.Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a potentially life-threatening toxicity.This review discusses the mechanisms that cause CRS,and new developments in the prevention and treatment of CRS.

Objective To observe the effect and safety of intravesical perfusion of theprubicin ( THP) on postoperative recurrence of normuscle invasive bladder cancer .Methods According to digital table , a total of 58 cases received bladder cancer surgery were randomly divided into observation group and control group .All patients were treated by TURBt surgery .Patients in observation group were treated by THP intravesical perfusion , while patients in control group were treated by intravesical perfusion of mitomycin ( MMC) .A 1-year follow-up was conduc-ted to evaluate the recurrence rate and the toxicity .Results The recurrence rate of observation group in the follow-up period was 10.3%,while the control group was 20.7%,the difference was significant (χ2 =13.880,P<0.05).The incidence rate of toxicity of the observation group was 24.1%,which was lower than 27.5%of the control group ,but the difference was not significant (χ2 =0.090,P>0.05).The incidence rate of Ⅱ-Ⅲgrade toxicity in the observation group was 6.8%,while the control group was 17.2%,the difference was significant (χ2 =16.960,P <0.05). Conclusion The THP intravesical perfusion can prevent postoperative recurrence of normuscle invasive bladder cancer,with less toxicity.THP is effective,safe and reliable.

Objective To evaluate the effect of the percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( PCNL) in the manage-ment of complicated upper ureteric calculi , compared with retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy ( RLU ) . Methods Seventy-one cases with complicated upper ureteric calculi were retrospectively investigated ( PCNL group 23 cases,RLU group 29 cases).Clinical data including operation time ,stone free rate and the surgical complications were statistically analyzed .Results All the operations were successful in all 52 cases.Compared with the RLU group,the PCNL group had a significant shorter operation time [(45.12 ±11.56)min vs (82.03 ±12.45)min,t=10.13,P<0.01],and significant difference were detected .A week after the operation,the PCNL group showed a stone free rate of 95.6%(22/23) while the RLU group 100.0%(29/29),and no significant difference were detec-ted.No significant complications ,such as intraoperative or postoperative bleeding and damage to surrounding organs , were detected.The patients were followed up for 6 to 12 months(mean,9 months),and no recurrent stones or ureteral stricture were developed during the period .Conclusion Both PCNL and RLU are safe and effective for complicated upper ureteral calculi.The appropriate method depends on the patients′specific conditions,the unit equipments and the experience of operator .

This study was to investigate the influnce of 4 weeks of living high-training low on exercise performance of rowers. Twenty rowers were divided into two groups: ten subjects spent 8-10h per night in a tabernacle simulated at an altitude of 2500m in normobaric hypoxia; 10 control subjects slept at near sea level. During the 4-week periods, all rowers were trained at the same relative or at the same intensity of work in normoxia state. The red cell volume (RCV) , haemoglobin mass (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) were measured before test, 15th and 30th day of study,and measurements were done on a rowing ergometer at sea-level, which included an ergometer test at 4 mmol/L lactate anaerobic threshold and performance in exercise tasks of 2km, 5km, and a Wingate Anaerobic Test before test and 30th day of study. The results showed that adaptation to simulated moderate altitude can stimulate red cell production sufficiently: increase in red cell volume (RCV) , haemoglobin mass (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct). And there were significant increases in all important parameters at 4 mmol/L lactate anaerobic threshold as well as performance of 5km, while the performance of 2km showed no significant improvement, the mean values of both mean power per kilogram body weight and peak power per kilogram body weight were not increased significantly. In the control group, there were no significant changes in the all abovementioned parameters. The results of this study indicate that living high-training low can improve the aerobic energy-supply systems. We conclude that 4-week of living high and training low can improve sea level endurance performance in rowers.