10 000 : 1, the scoring might result in misleading conclusions. The concentration of genomic DNA-PCR reaction products in 50 ng/fd was suitable for CEA analysis. Conclusion: The concentration of PCR reaction residues in CEA system is one of the key factors altering genotyping results.

Objective To investigate the effect of bronchodilators on dyspnea and pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (COPD) at different degrees.Methods 50 patients with COPD from January 2014 to January 2015 in pneumology department of Tongchuan City People's Hospital were selected.According to the standard of Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD), the patients were divided into mild degree of 14 cases, moderate degree of 18 cases and severe degree of 18 case.The changes of Borg score of dyspnea, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and inspiratory capacity (IC) after received tiotropium bromide inhalation in each group.Results FEV1, FVC, PEF and IC values significant improved in mild, moderate and severe degree groups after received tiotropium bromide inhalation and the values of improvement rate changed significantly with degrees of disease ( P <0.05 ).The improvement rates of FEV1, FVC and IC were highest in patients at severe degree, improvement rate of PEF was highest in patients at mild degree (P<0.05).After received tiotropium bromide inhalation, the Borg score improved significantly compared with that of pre-treatment in mild, moderate and severe degree groups (P<0.05), the improvement rate of Borg score was highest in severe degree group(P<0.05).There were significantly positive correlations between Borg score and FEV1(r=0.372),FVC(r=0.296),PEF(r=0.284),IC(r=0.704)(all P<0.05).Conclusion Bronchodilator could significantly improve dyspnea and lung function in patients with COPD, and the improvement rate of FEV1, FVC and IC is highest in patients with COPD at server degree, PEF is highest at mild degree and Borg score is highest at server degree, which need the comprehensive analysis of each indicators for reversibility of airflow obstruction.

AIM:To investigate whether Notch1 changes stemness and chemotherapeutic sensitivity in human glioma U251 cells.METHODS: The lentiviral vectors, which expressed Notch1-shRNA or Notch1 intracellular domain ( NICD) , were transfected into U251 cells .Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were applied to monitor the va-lidity of the cells, down-regulation of Notch1 expression or over-expression of NICD.The proportion of CD133 +cells was analyzed by flow cytometry.The expression of nestin and GFAP was identified by immunofluorescence staining.The forma-tion rate of tumor cell spheres and the implanted tumor growth in SCID mice were observed.MTT assay was performed to e-valuate the chemotherapeutic sensitivity to VM-26 and BCNU of the cells with different treatments.RESULTS:Stemness was significantly enhanced in the cells over-expressing NICD.For example, the proportion of CD133 +cells was increased, the expression of nestin was up-regulated, the expression of GFAP was down-regulated, and the formation rate of tumor cell spheres and implanted tumor growth were increased.The chemotherapeutic sensitivity to VM-26 and BCNU of the cells was decreased.In the cells with Notch1 gene down-regulation by RNAi, the stemness was inhibited and chemotherapeutic sensi-tivity was increased.CONCLUSION:Notch1, which leads to the change of stemness and chemotherapeutic sensitivity in human glioma U251 cells, is likely to be a potential molecular target for treatment of glioma.

Objective To construct a prognostic nomogram to predict 3-year and 5-year survival in patients with osteosarcoma.Methods A total of 1 671 patients with osteosarcoma diagnosed between 1988 and 2011 were collected from the National Cancer Institute program (SEER) database.They were randomly divided into nomogram model group (n =836) and verification group (n =835).Univariate and multivariate Cox were used to determine the independent prognostic factors in the model group,and then these factors were incorporated into the chart to predict the 3-year and 5-year survival rates of osteosarcoma patients.The consistency index (C-index) and calibration curve were used to verify the internal and external validation of the contour map and check its prediction accuracy.Results The age,tumor location,tumor size,pathological grade,distant metastasis and surgical procedure were the independent prognostic factors of osteosarcoma patients (P＜0.05).These factors were included in the chart and successfully constructed.The C index obtained by internal validation of the chart was 0.746 (95％ CI:0.719-0.773) and 0.709 (95％ CI:0.682-0.735) by external validation using the validation group.At the same time,the calibration curves of the two groups were consistent.Conclusions The nomogram map of the risk of osteosarcoma patients in this study has good predictive accuracy and helps orthopedics to evaluate the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma more accurately.It will be beneficial to individualized diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcoma patients.

Objective To investigate the expression of MRP1/CD9 protein in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),and its relationship to carcinoma invasion and metastasis. Methods The specimens of tissue microarray from 152 primary hepatocellular carcinomas with paracancerous liver tissue, 22 tumor emboli , 4 intrahepatic satellite metastases, 17 extrahepatic metastases ,and 5 normal livers, respectively, were constructed and used for detection of MRP1/CD9 expression by immunohistochemistry. Results Immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays demonstrated MRP1/CD9 protein expression in 27.0%(41/152)of the primary HCCs. The expression of MRP1/CD9 protein was higher in HCCs without cancer thrombi than in those with cancer thrombi (40.48%vs21.82%,P10cm, P20?g/L, P=0.029). Conclusions Loss of MRP1/CD9 protein expression may be associated with invasion and metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND:Wnt signaling pathway is overexpressed in degenerative intervertebral discs,and inhibition of its expression can delay the process of intervertebral disc degeneration.Therefore,Wnt signaling pathway is closely related to intervertebral disc degeneration. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the relationship between Wnt signaling pathway and intervertebral disc,especially the specific role and influence of Wnt signaling pathway in intervertebral disc degeneration. METHODS:The first author took"intervertebral disc,Wnt,cell proliferation,cell senescence,cell apoptosis,extracellular matrix"as the English search terms.PubMed,Web of science and OVID LWWSpringerlink were searched for articles published from 2000 to January 2023,and articles related to Wnt signaling pathway and disc degeneration were consulted.Totally 54 articles were reviewed by reading,collating and preserving. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)During intervertebral disc formation in embryos,Wnt signaling pathway is overexpressed,which is involved in intervertebral disc formation and promotes posterior extension of notochord.(2)During intervertebral disc degeneration,Wnt signaling pathway can inhibit cell proliferation by stagnating cell cycle,increase the expression of age-related proteins and promote cell aging by participating in oxidative stress,and participate in cell apoptosis by regulation of long non-coding RNA.(3)Wnt signaling pathway can also decrease extracellular matrix related protein synthesis,promote extracellular matrix degradation and accelerate intervertebral disc degeneration.(4)Wnt signaling pathway can promote cell regeneration by activating as early intervertebral disc formation signal and participate in inducing stem cells to differentiate into intervertebral disc cells to repair damaged intervertebral disc.For example,Wnt signaling pathway can induce stem cells from cartilage endplate cells to migrate and transform to intervertebral disc.

OBJECTIVETo scrutinize the immunohistochemical spectrum to differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and metastatic adenocarcinoma (MAC) in the liver.

METHODSSeven antibodies including AFP, Hep Par 1, CK18, CK19, CA19-9, CD34 and pCEA were immunohistochemically stained in resected specimens of 300 HCC, 35 ICC and 30 MAC. The specificity and sensitivity of the antibodies were evaluated by comprehensive capability score (CCS), with only those with CCS > or = 8 considered as having highly diagnostic value.

RESULTSAntibodies CCS > or = 8 were observed as Hep Par 1 and CD34 in HCC, and CK19 in ICC, but none in MAC. For HCC, CCS of Hep Par 1 was higher than that of AFP (9 vs. 7) with 83.7% in sensitivity and 96.7% in specificity.

CONCLUSIONFor HCC, Hep Par 1 and CD34 can be used as the first line antibodies, AFP and pCEA as the second line ones. CK19 is the first line antibody for ICC, and CA19-9 as the second. Hep Par 1, CD34 and CK19 are definitely helpful for the routine immunohistochemical stain to differentiate HCC from ICC and MAC.

Adenocarcinoma ; chemistry ; Antibodies ; immunology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; chemistry ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; chemistry ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver Neoplasms ; chemistry ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Objective:To explore the effect of smoking on the wound healing of stage 4 pressure ulcers in rats.Methods:Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6-8 weeks were divided into simple pressure ulcer group and smoking+ pressure ulcer group according to the random number table, with 25 rats in each group. After the rats in the smoking+ pressure ulcer group received passive smoking intervention for 12 weeks, an iron plate was placed in the back muscle of each rat in 2 groups, and a magnet was placed outside the skin at the corresponding position of the iron plate for 2 h at each time, with 5 times a day and continuously for 6 days to reproduce stage 4 pressure ulcer model. Immediately after establishing the model, 3 rats in each group were sacrificed and wound tissue was collected, and hematoxylin-eosin staining was applied to observe the pathological changes of the wounds. On 1, 3, 7, and 14 day (s) after establishing the model, 3 rats in each group were collected to measure the pressure ulcer wound area by the paper jam method. After measurement of the wound area, the rats were sacrificed and the wound tissue was collected, and the protein expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) in wound tissue were detected by immunohistochemical method, and the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 was calculated.The wound healing time of the remaining 10 rats in each group was recorded. Data were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance for factorial design, two independent sample t test, and Bonferroni correction. Results:(1) Immediately after establishing the model, muscle fiber necrosis and dissolution with large areas were seen on the wound, the myofibrils arranged loosely, and more lymphocytes and monocytes infiltration were seen around the wound of rats in simple pressure ulcer group. A large number of necrotic myofibers were dissolved and gradually disappeared, the myofibrils arranged loosely, and the number of diffuse lymphocytes and monocyte infiltration in wound of rats in smoking+ pressure ulcer group were significantly higher than those in simple pressure ulcer group. (2) The wound areas of rats in smoking+ pressure ulcer group were significantly larger than those in simple pressure ulcer group on 1, 3, 7, and 14 day (s) after establishing the model ( t=3.019, 2.549, 2.181, 3.674, P<0.05 or P<0.01). (3) On 1 to 14 days after establishing the model, the protein expression levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the wound tissue and the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 of rats in the two groups increased first and then decreased. On 1, 3, 7, and 14 day (s) after establishing the model, the protein expression levels of MMP-9 in the wound tissue and the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 of rats in smoking+ pressure ulcer group were significantly higher than those in simple pressure ulcer group ( t=4.783, 4.508, 6.325, 7.204, 3.078, 2.989, 4.081, 4.696, P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the protein expression levels of TIMP-1 in wound tissue of rats in the two groups were similar. (4) The wound healing time of rats in smoking+ pressure ulcer group was (48.9±2.6) d, which was significantly longer than (35.2±2.3) d of simple pressure ulcer group ( t=12.477, P<0.05). Conclusions:Smoking can up-regulate the expression of MMP-9 in pressure ulcer wound and result in an imbalance of MMP-9/TIMP-1, thereby affecting the wound healing of stage 4 pressure ulcers in rats.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the factors that influence self-management behavior in cancer patients based on the theoretical domain framework. METHODS: Studies in Chinese and English about factors influencing self-management behavior in cancer patients were searched from Wanfang database, CNKI, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane library and Medline from inception to June 2022. Two investigators independently identified, extracted data, and collected characteristics and methodology of the studies. Factors were analyzed with Nvivo12, and the theoretical domain framework was mapped to the theoretical domain. Then the secondary node was generalized by theme analysis. Finally, the specific influencing factors were summarized and analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty-four studies were included for analysis. A total of 194 factors were mapped to 13 theoretical domains, and 31 secondary nodes were summarized. Theoretical domains environmental context and resources, social/professional role and identity, and beliefs about consequences were the most common factors. Knowledge, age, self-efficacy, disease stage, social support, gender, economic status and physical status were the most influential factors for self-management in cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS The influencing factors of self-management of cancer patients involve most of the theoretical domains, are intersectional, multi-source and complex.
Humans ; Self-Management ; Neoplasms/therapy*