[Abstrct] More and more laboratory indicators including serum creatinine , serum cystatin C , urinary microalbumin, N-acetyl-beta-D-Glucosaminidase (NAG), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), interleukin 18 (IL-18) and L type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) are used to diagnose and monitor acute kidney injury (AKI).However, the clinical applicability and limitations of these indicators , as well as the detection effect factors and biological variation on the diagnosis and monitoring of AKI are very important , especially how to combine the detection effect factors and biological variation to interpret test result is attached great importance by the laboratory personnel .

Objective To investigate and analyze the current setup, operation, nurse staffing,professional ability of nurses and professional standardized training system of tertiary hospitals in Zhejiang.Methods Cross-sectional study was used to investigate the nursing directors and 105 nurses from 36 tertiary hospitals of Zhejiang.The tools included the general questionnaire of anesthesia recovery rooms in Zhejiang tertiary hospitals, anesthesia specialty nurse job description questionnaire, and anesthesia recovery room nurses clinical specialized ability questionnaire.Data of the study were concluded and analyzed in the end.Results 35 of the 36 hospitals surveyed have in place anesthesia recovery care, accounting for 97%.The ratio of recovery room beds to operating bed was 0.48, and the ratio of nurses to recovery room beds was 0.52.In addition to the entire process involvement in the recovery and care of patients during recovery, the job of nurses covers administration of anesthesiology related items, equipment, drug management, cost management and cost entry, pain management and nursing.Nurse training methods depend on continuing education mainly.Anesthesia recovery room nurses′ clinical skills scored in average 82.96±1.52 points.Conclusions Most of these tertiary hospitals have in place anesthesia recovery rooms, yet with such challenges as shortage of beds, and overload/understaffing of nurses.Nurses are mostly trained in the departments, and a system of standardized training and qualification is to be further improved and established for such nurses.

BACKGROUND: Hypogonadism happens gradually with body aging. Traditional Chinese medicine views that deficiency of essential qi is the chief reason for body aging. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of tiannianyin, the Chinese herb , on serum testosterone, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in testicular tissue and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen of spermatogenic cells in testes in subacute senile rats induced by D-galactose. DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment. SETTING: Basic Medicine Institute of Chengde Medical College. MATERIALS: The experiment was perlormed in Basic Medicine Institute of Chengde Medical College from April to July 2003, in which, 40 adult male SD rats were employed and randomized into 4 groups, 10 rats in each .In normal group, no any management was done. In model group, medication group and negative control, D-galactosie was used for abdominal injection continuously at 200 mg (kg·d), once a day, totally for 40 days to prepare the model of subacute senile animal. In model group, no any management was done after modeling success. In medication group, gastric infusion with tiannianyin. Tiannianyin was administrated everyday after modeling success, once a day, totally for 30 days. In negative control, gastric infusion with physiological saline of same dosage was administrated after modeling success for same days. METHODS: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for determination of serum testosterone content, xanthine oxidase assay was used for determination of SOD activity in testicular tissue and immunohistochemical method was used to observe expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in rats of every group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① serum testosterone content; ② SOD activity in testicular tissue; ③ expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen of spermatogenic cells. RESULTS: Forty rats all entered result analysis. ① Serum testosterone content: That in model group was lower than normal group(P ＜ 0.05), and that in medication group was higher than model group(P ＜ 0.05). ② SOD activity in testicular tissue: That in model group was lower remarkably than normal group(P ＜ 0.01), and that in medication group was higher remarkably than model group(P ＜ 0.01). ③ Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen of spermatogenic cells: That in model group was lower than normal group(P ＜ 0.05), and that in medication group was higher remarkably than model group(P ＜ 0.05). CONCLUSION: Tiannianyin delays degeneration of reproductive function and aging of certain degree.

BACKGROUND: In follow of the gradual decrease of senile gonad function in the body, traditional Chinese medicine views that deficiency of essential qi is the chief reason of body senility. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of tian nian yin on serum testosterone content, superoxide dismutase activity in testicular tissue and apoptosis of testicular seminiferous cell in subacute senile rats. DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment. SETTING: Human Anatomy Department of Chengde Medical College. MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Institute of Basic Medicine of Chengde Medical College from April to July 2003, in which,40 SD male rats were employed and randomized into 4 groups, 10 rats in each group. In model group, medicinal group and the control, D-galactose was injected 200 mg/(kg·d) to prepare subacute senile animal model, once a day, continuously for 40 days. No any management was given in model group after modeling success. In medicinal group, gastric infusion with tian nian yin [composed of zhi heshouwu (Radix Polygoni Mutiflori Preparatea),huainiuxi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae), roucongrong (Herba Cistanchis),fuling (Poria), danshen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) and yinyanghuo (Herba Epimedii), it was decocted till 1.5 g/mL with raw herbs contained] was administrated once a day, totally for 30 days after modeling success. In the control, gastric infusion was administrated with physiological saline of same usage as the medicinal group after modeling success. INTERVENTIONS: In every group, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine testosterone content in serum. Xanthine oxidase assay (XOD) was used to determine superoxide dismutase activity in testicular tissue and immunohistochemical method (IHC) was used to observe apoptosis of testicular seminiferous cell. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Testosterone content in serum. ②Superoxide dismutase activity in testicular tissue. ③ Apoptosis of testicular seminiferous cell RESULTS: Forty rats all entered result analysis. ① Testosterone content in serum: Testosterone content in model group was lower than normal group [(0.52±0.15) μg/L, (1.26 0.32) μg/L, (t=3.004, P ＜ 0.05)], and that in medicinal group was higher than model group [(1.16±0.32) μg/L,(0.52 0.15) μg/L, (t=2.321, P ＜ 0.05)]. ② Superoxide dismutase activity in testicular tissue: Superoxide dismutase activity in model group was lower remarkably than the normal group [(107.22±9.33) kNU/g, (147.73±11.90) kNU/g,(t=13.339, P ＜ 0.01)], and that in medicinal group was higher remarkably than model group [(141.05±14.57) kNU/g, (107.22±9.33) kNU/g, (t=9.970,P ＜ 0.01)]. ③ Apoptosis of testicular seminiferous cell: Percentage of apoptotic seniniferous tubule and apoptotic rate of positive cell in model group were higher remarkably thannormal group respectively [(53.95 ±2.02)％compared with (34.21±2.10)％, (8.67±0.80)％ compared with (3.86±0.52)％,(x2=7.9, P ＜ 0.01, x2=5.01, P ＜ 0.05)], and those in medicinal group were lower remarkably than model group[(35.33±2.18)％ compared with (53.95±2.02)％, (4.68±0.74)％ compared with (8.67±0.80)％, (x2=7.02, P ＜ 0.01, x2=3.96, P ＜ 0.05)]. CONCLUSION: The apoptosis of testicular seminiferous cell was increased in senile modelgroup. Tian nian yin in gastric infusion decreased apoptotic rate of positive cell. It is explained that tian nian yin eliminates surplus oxygenic free radical, decreases apoptosis and improves seminiferous function in animal model.

[Objective]To research the method to repair dorsal skin defect of fingers by using retrograde neurocutaneous flap.[Method]Adopting nutrient vessels of 4 nerve branches in hands of radial-ulnar nerve as pedicle,the flaps were designed and applied to repair dorsal skin defect of fingers.[Result]All 10 flaps in 5 cases survived and wound area were covered.[Conclusion]Retrograde neurocutaneous flaps have sufficient blood supply,with no injury to nominous vesels,and with long distance to repair.Therefore,it is an advantageous method to repair dorsal skin defect,futhermore,two flaps could be used to repair skin defect of two fingers at the same time.

BACKGROUND: The blocking treatment can improve the clinic symptom of facial spasm. But the site, depth and the angle of puncturing point are very difficult to be defined, which will seriously infect the curative effect.OBJECTIVE: To study the applied anatomy of the related structures of facial muscle for blocking the facial nerve, and to provide anatomical bases for accurate puncturing point and preventing complications.DESIGN: An observation study based on cadavers and making the mimic puncture and measuring the correlative structures with anatomical method.SETTING: Department of anatomy in a medical college.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 28 adult male cadavers(56 sides) were used and the correlative index were measured.METHODS: The blocking point was located at the convergent point of the interior edge of cartilage of the external acoustic canal, the anterior fringe of mastoid processes and the posterior fringe of mandible ramus, the needle must be thrust vertically to the median sagittal plane. The puncturing needle stopped until it was barred. A longitudinal incision was made from the puncturing point to mandibula angle, and skin, superficial fascia were cut separately. Then carotid superficial fascia was cut from the posterior fringe of parotidean. The facial nerve trunk and the posterior auricular artery were preserved in site. A blunt isolation was made along its incision. Jugular glomus was appeared. Then the correlative index were measured and dealt with statistics method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The puncturing point, angle and depth,the distance between facial nerve trunk and puncturing point, the position relationship between facial nerve and puncturing needle and the distance relationship between facial nerve and principal structures adjacent to it.RESULTS: The blocking point was located at the convergent point of the interior edge of the external acoustic canal, the anterior fringe of mastoid processes and the posterior fringe of mandible ramus, the needle must be thrust vertically to the median sagittal plane. On the left side, the puncturing depth was (19.91 ± 0.09) mm, On the right side, the puncturing depth was(19.28±0. 10) mm.CONCLUSION: The experimental study could provide accurate puncturing point, angle and depth for blocking the facial nerve and bring the blocking treatment into full play.

Objective To verify the best treatment strategy in reducing prostate specific antigen (PSA) progression and death rate in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer by a meta-analysis. Methods The literature search strategy was followed according to the Collaborative Review Group search strategy. Published data of randomized clinical trials comparing radical prostatectomy (RP) plus adjuvant therapy to either RP alone or other treatment were analyzed. Both fixed effect model and randomized effect model were applied and odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was also used as the effect size 'estimate. Results Eight clinical trials were chosen with total in-volved cases of 3826. There were 5 trials compared post radical prostatectomy plus adjuvant hormonal therapy with radical prostatectomy alone. PSA progression was used as the indicator of progression and the combined OR was 0.86 (95%CI 0.48-1.56). There were 3 trails compared the combination of radical prostateetomy with hormonal therapy and radical prostatectomy alone. Disease specific death rate was used as the evaluating criteria and the OR was 0.72(95%CI,0.51-1.02). Conclusion RP plus adjuvant hormonal therapy can reduce PSA progression of patients with locally advanced pros-tate cancer, but it has no significant effect on disease specific death rate.

Objective To explore the photographic parameter for CR image splicing of double total length lower extremities and the evaluation of clinical application. Methods The suitable X-ray exposure conditions for full-leg digital radiograph was chosen according to the application of FCR-5000 CR imaging system and the exposure conditions of CR in osseous system. Results Optimal tube voltage and milliamp-second of parameters for the full-length leg projection was acquired in terms of the distribution of spatial resolution under different parameters of exposure. Conclusion The exposure parameter of CR in full-leg image stitching should be based on the characteristics of CR imaging system and the results of experiment. It is important to choose the most appropriate exposure parameters to ensure image quality and reduce radiation dose on patients to provide veracious image data for clinical application with osteoarthritis of the knee.

Objective To explore the clinical application for various radiographic body in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.Methods The exact data of various image body for the joint cavity of knee and patella-femur was got by making use of radiographic body for double knee joint weight-bear AP & LAT and flexuosity weight-bear PA,flexuosity weight-bear axial position for double patella and weight-bear double total length lower extremities.Results Data of the knee joint exterior angle for 75 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee weight-bear AP and keep down AP was measure.Software of statistics for partnership t test was employed and that P

The development of laboratory animal science plays a supporting role in the biomedical field, pharmacy and other fields.It is an important symbol to measure the level of science and technology in each countries in the world. The quality of employees directly affects the speed and quality of the development of laboratory animal industry.The purpose of this standard is to regulate the requirements of animal practitioners, to strengthen the training and qualification certification, and to promote the quality of employees.