Objective To research the consonant pronunciation of patients with spastic dysarthria as a result of cerebral palsy and supply a theoretical basis for their rehabilitation.Methods Twenty-eight cerebral palsy patients with spastic dysarthria were examined using a dysarthria examination scale developed by the China Rehabilitation Research Center.The whole process of the tests was recorded using Cool Edit recording software.Praat4 was used to evaluate their pronunciation according to the pronunciation criteria of “experimental phonology”.Their error rates on 21 consonants were counted and the characteristics of the articulation errors were summarized.Results According to the location of articulation,the inaccuracy rates on labials,dentals,apicals,blade-palatals,palatals and velars in the 28 patients were 21％,71％,53％,71％,54％ and 36％ respectively.Conclusions Patients with spastic dysarthria as a result of cerebral palsy have the most difficulty pronouncing dentals and blade-palatal consonants.They find labial consonants the easiest.

Many studies have shown that high myopia is strongly hnked with glaucoma.Besides,due to its own characteristics of longer axial length,deeper anterior chamber depth and wider chamber angle width,high myopia is often more likely to develop a complication of primary open-angle glaucoma.However,the early fundus changes induced by glaucoma might be concealed by the fundus changes induced by high degree myopia because the latter itself could also induce a series of fundus changes.As a consequence,a deep understanding of the clinical features and diagnosis of high myopia with primary open-angle glaucoma is particularly essential in making early diagnosis as well as reducing missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.This article summarizes the clinical features of high myopia with primary open-angle glaucoma to enhance understanding of such diseases and provide a basis for the early diagnosis of the diseases.

Combining with traditional medical ethics for medical students to carry out the cultivation of core so -cialist values is a specific and realistic path .Virtue ethics features of traditional medical ethics are good for medical students to internalize core socialist values .Normative characteristics of traditional medical ethics are good for med-ical students to be cultivated of social responsibility , sense of responsibility to life , dedication and integrity aware-ness .By demonstrating the role of ethics and ancient doctors′model in classic literature , students can not only un-derstand the rich connotations of traditional ethics of traditional culture , but also get the cultivation and practice of core socialist values .

Objective To investigate dynamic changes in extracellular striatal 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid (5-HIAA) and melatonin (MLT) concentrations in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) rat models.Methods A hemiparkinsonium rat model was established by a unilateral injection of 6-OHDA into the right substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the right medial forebrain bundle (MFB).Dialysate samples were collected at 10:00 in the lesioned striatum by microdialysis at 1,2,3 and 4 weeks post-lesion,respectively.The levels of dopamine (DA) and 5-HIAA,as well as MLT in dialysate sanples were measured by high performance liquid chromotorgraphy (HPLC).Results One week after surgery,the level of DA in PD group was (1.19±0.22) ng/ml,which was distinctly lower than those in the vehicle group ((8.62 ± 0.73) ng/ml) and the sham group ((8.73 ± 0.78) ng/ml) (P ＜ 0.01).The levels of 5-HIAA in PD group had a downward trend,but there were no significant differences.The level of MLT in PD group was (43.31 ± 11.37) pg/ml at 4 weeks post-lesion,and significantly higher than those in the vehicle group ((19.13 ± 5.38)pg/ml) and the sham group ((19.80 ± 6.96) pg/ml) (P＜ 0.05).The striatal dialysate DA and 5-HIAA concentrations had a good positive correlation in the PD group (r =0.867,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Decreased DA level concomitantly with changes of 5-HIAA and MLT in the ipsilateral striatum of 6-OHDA-induced PD rats,and these changes may be related to PD progression.

Objective To establish a rat model of persistent intestinal mucosal injury.Methods The rat model of persistent intestinal mucosal injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of methotrexate.The food intake and body weight of all the rats were recorded.Pathological changes were observed using HE staining, the level of D-lactate and diam-ine oxidase in plasma, and myeloperoxidase and malondiadehyde in the intestinal tissue were measured by biochemistry. Results After modeling, the rat body weight and food intake were decreased.On day 4, the scores of mucosal damage, the levels of plasma D-lactate, DAO, MPO and MDA were significantly increased (P<0.05).On day 5, the intestinal damages of rats began to restore, and there was no significant difference among groups on day 6.The symptoms after the secondary injection were similar to those after the first injection, and the rats recovered gradually at day 12.Conclusions Intestinal mucosal injury in rats induced by 20 mg/kg MTX is an acute injury process, the course only lasts for 4-5 days. Intermittent injections twice of 10 mg/kg MTX can cause persistent intestinal mucosal injury in rats.This persistent injury model is more suitable for nutritional therapy evaluation in medium-and long-term studies of nutritional therapy.

Objective To evaluate the effects of peptide-based enteral nutrition (PBEN) on inflammatory response and immune function in rats with intestinal mucositis.Methods 48 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (all n =8):basal feed group (BFG),PBEN group (PBENG),intact protein enteral nutrition group (IPENG),methotrexate (MTX) + BFG,MTX + PBENG,and MTX + IPENG.The rats in MTX + BFG,MTX + PENG,and MTX + IPENG were intraperitoneal injected with MTX 10 mg/kg on day 0 and day 6 to induce sustained intestinal injury.From day 1,BFG and MTX + BFG were fed with basal feed,PBENG and MTX + PBENG with PBEN,IPENG and MTX + IPENG with IPEN.The daily energy intake of each rat was 1.80 kJ/g body weight.All the rats were sacrificed on day 11.The pathological changes of intestinal tissue were observed with HE staining,the levels of tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO),nitric oxide (NO),inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS),the thymus index and spleen gland index of intestinal tissue were measured using colorimetry,and the serum levels of immunoglobulins IgG,IgA,and IgM were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results There were no significant differences among BFG,PBENG,and IPENG in each index.Serious injury of intestinal mucosa was observed in MTX groups.Significant differences were noted in all indexes between MTX + BFG and BFG (all P ＜0.05).The mucosal damage score (Chiu score) and the level of MPO and iNOS in MTX + PBENG were significantly lower than those in MTX + BFG [2.3 ± 0.69vs.2.96 ± 0.75,P =0.003 ; (2.30 ± 0.42) U/g tissue vs.(2.98 ± 0.23) U/g tissue,P =0.040 ; (0.37 ±0.06) U/mg prot vs.(0.44 ±0.10) U/rag prot,P =0.030] ; the serum levels of IgG and IgA were significantly higher than those in MTX + BFG (P =0.015,P =0.021) ; however,the levels of NO and IgM were not significantly different between the 2 groups (P =0.597,P =0.160).There were no statistically significant differences between MTX + IPENG and MTX + BFG in terms of the indexes (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion PBEN can reduce the inflammation response and improve the immune function in intestinal mucositis rat.

Objective To analyze the monitoring data of iodine deficiency disorders in Jiangxi Province and to provide a basis for adjusting iodized salt concentration.Methods Thirty primary schools were selected in 30 counties and 40 pupils' goiters were examined with B ultrasound in every school.At the same time,salt iodine level was tested at their home.Twelve pupils urinary iodine in selected schools,15 pregnant urinary samples,15 lactating women urinary samples in 3 towns around the schools and water samples in the counties with the schools were collected.Results The goiter rate of children aged 8 to 10 was 1.25％ (15/1 200); the median salt iodine was 30.80 mg/kg and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 96.92％ ; the median urinary iodine level of children,pregnant and lactating women was 308.73,206.95 and 206.75 μg/L,respectively.The proportion of urinary iodine level of children above 300 μg/L was 52.25％(186/356),while the proportion of urinary iodine level of pregnant women below 150 μg/L was 34.81％(157/451).The water iodine median was 4.62 μg/L and the per capita daily salt intake was 13.20 g in Jiangxi Province.Conclusions The status of iodine deficiency in Jiangxi has been significantly improved.According to the monitoring results,it's necessary to adjust salt iodization standards appropriately.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of malignant glaucoma for primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG) patients after surgery.Methods Clinical data of elderly patients with PACG who had received surgical treatment at our hospital between 2013 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they suffered (Group A) or not (Group B) from malignant glaucoma after surgery.Results A total of 238 patients (315 eyes) were retrospectively analyzed: 17 cases (22 eyes) in Group A and 221 cases (293 eyes)in Group B.The index of axial length, chamber depth and crystal thickness was lower in Group A than in Group B,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Univariate analysis showed that age under 50, continuous high intraocular pressure, axial length below 22 mm, chamber depth below 2 mm, crystal thickness below 4.5 mm, completely closed anterior chamber angle and chronic angle-closure type were the possible risk factors for malignant glaucoma after surgery (P<0.05).The logistic regression analysis showed that age under 50 and axial length below 22 mm were independent risk factors for malignant glaucoma for PACG patients after surgery.Conclusion PACG patients,especially those who are young or with short axial length,are more vulnerable to malignant glaucoma.

Female ; Humans ; Melanoma ; pathology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; pathology

Medical whole-body positron emission tomography (PET), one of the most successful molecular imaging technologies, has been widely used in the fields of cancer diagnosis, cardiovascular disease diagnosis and cranial nerve study. But, on the other hand, the sensitivity, spatial resolution and signal-noise-ratio of the commercial medical whole-body PET systems still have some shortcomings and a great room for improvement. The sensitivity, spatial resolution and signal-noise-ratio of PET system are largely affected by the performances of the scintillators and the photo detectors. The design of a PET system is usually a trade-off in cost and performance. A better image quality can be achieved by optimizing and balancing the key components which affect the system performance the most without dramatically increases in cost. With the development of the scintillator, photo-detector and high speed electronic system, the performance of medical whole-body PET system would be dramatically improved. In this paper, we report current progresses and discuss future directions of the developments of technologies in medical whole-body PET system.
Humans ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; trends