Objective To research the consonant pronunciation of patients with spastic dysarthria as a result of cerebral palsy and supply a theoretical basis for their rehabilitation.Methods Twenty-eight cerebral palsy patients with spastic dysarthria were examined using a dysarthria examination scale developed by the China Rehabilitation Research Center.The whole process of the tests was recorded using Cool Edit recording software.Praat4 was used to evaluate their pronunciation according to the pronunciation criteria of “experimental phonology”.Their error rates on 21 consonants were counted and the characteristics of the articulation errors were summarized.Results According to the location of articulation,the inaccuracy rates on labials,dentals,apicals,blade-palatals,palatals and velars in the 28 patients were 21％,71％,53％,71％,54％ and 36％ respectively.Conclusions Patients with spastic dysarthria as a result of cerebral palsy have the most difficulty pronouncing dentals and blade-palatal consonants.They find labial consonants the easiest.

OBJECTIVE: To establish HPLC fingerprint of flavonoids from Bauhinia blakeana and to provide reference for harvest, application and quality evaluation of B. blakeana. METHODS: RP-HPLC method was used to determine the content of flavonoids from 10 batches of B. blakeana from different habitats and in different harvest periods with rutin and quercetin as control. The similarity was calculated using TCM fingerprint similarity evaluation system. The separation was performed on Hypersil ODS C18(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.4% phosphoric acid solution (gradient elution) at flow rate of 0.7 mL?min-1 lasting for 40 min. The UV detection wavelength was set at 360 nm and column temperature was at 25℃. RESULTS: The results showed that 14 peaks were common. The similarity index of 10 batches B. blakeana samples were between 0.88 and 0.94. The results indicated chemical components were similar but content of the compounds was different. CONCLUSION: Established HPLC fingerprint of B. blakeana is stable, reliable and reproducible, which is valuable for harvest, application and quality evaluation of B. blakeana.

Objective To investigate the effect of cellular membrane phospholipids on CD14 protein expression of macrophage stimulated by LPS. Methods Changes of CD14 protein expression and CD14 mRNA of macrophages stimulated by LPS in vitro were determined by Western blotting and RT PCR. Effects of membrane phospholipids on CD14 protein expression were also detected. Results After stimulation by LPS, CD14 expression increased at 1 h, reached the peak value at 5 h and decreased to the normal level at 8 h but CD14 mRNA reached the peak value at 3 h and decreased at 5 h. The levels of phospholipids and membrane fluidity decreased at 5 h but CD14 protein expression increased after LPS stimulation. After pretreatment with liposomes, membrane phospholipid microenvironment improved and CD14 protein expression decreased. Conclusion LPS can up regulate CD14 protein expression, which might be regulated at least at the transcriptional level of the CD14 gene. Changes of membrane phospholipid microenvironment may be an important reason for the up regulation of CD14 induced by LPS.

Objective To study the correlation of serum hepcidin with residual renal function and micro-inflammation state in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients.Methods Thirty-four stable CADP patients were involved in this study as observers (CAPD group),who had accepted CAPD treatment more than three months; twenty non-dialysis patients with stage 5 of chronic kidney disease were selected as control group.According to the level of high sensitivity Creactive protein (hs-CRP),CAPD patients were divided into two subgroups.There were 14 patients in the hsCRP elevated group (hs-CRP ＞ 3.00 mg/L) and 20 patients in the hs-CRP normal group.In addition,there had been 14 patients with residual renal function in CAPD group.Serum hepcidin was measured by ELISA.Serum Ferritin (FER),hs-CRP,routine blood and biochemistry were measured by routine methods.Calculated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).Pearson correlation and linear regression were used to assess the correlation of serum hepcidin with other laboratory parameters in CAPD patients.Results (1) Serum hepcidin was significantly higher in CAPD patients than control group,but eGFR was significantly lower (P ＜ 0.01).(2) Serum hepcidin levels of no residual renal function patients increased more significantly in CAPD group (P ＜ 0.05).(3) Serum hepcidin levels were higher in hs-CRP elevated group than hs-CRP normal group (P ＜ 0.05).(4) Pearson correlation analyses revealed that serum hepcidin was positively correlated with hs-CRP (r=0.501) and FER (r=0.847,all P ＜ 0.01),and was negatively correlated with Hb (r=-0.919),TRF (r=-0.751),TIBC (r=-0.532,all P ＜ 0.05).(5) Multiple linear regression analysis showed that ferritin and hs-CRP were closely associated with serum hepcidin level in CAPD.Conclusions Serum hepcidin level markedly elevate in CAPD patients,especially in the patients with no residual renal function and micro inflammatory state increased more significantly.

Combining with traditional medical ethics for medical students to carry out the cultivation of core so -cialist values is a specific and realistic path .Virtue ethics features of traditional medical ethics are good for medical students to internalize core socialist values .Normative characteristics of traditional medical ethics are good for med-ical students to be cultivated of social responsibility , sense of responsibility to life , dedication and integrity aware-ness .By demonstrating the role of ethics and ancient doctors′model in classic literature , students can not only un-derstand the rich connotations of traditional ethics of traditional culture , but also get the cultivation and practice of core socialist values .

Objective To study the difference of transverse incision and longitudinal incision for B-T-B graft harvesting in reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament.Methods Sixty four cases of reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament from January 2004 to December 2004 were observed.Transverse incisions were used in 32 cases,and longitudinal incision were chosen in the other 32.The operation time,the length of incision,the thickness of scar,the injury of saphenous nerve and the joint function of knee were compared.Results All patients were followed up more than 1 year.The average duration of surgical procedure with longitudinal incision was 11 minutes shorter than that with transverse incision.The scar of transverse incision is smaller and thinner than that of longitudinal incision.The injury of saphenous nerve and knee joint function of knee revealed no notable difference in the 2 groups.Conclusions Transverse incision for B-T-B graft harvesting in reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament is a better choice.

Objective To introduce Torg's modified Bristow procedure for recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint,and to evaluate it's clinical result.Methods 25 shoulders with recurrent anterior dislocation were treated with Torg's modified Bristow procedure from January 2002 to December 2006.Based on history,physical examination and X-ray examination,all the diagnosis were confirmed.The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 5 years,with an average of 3.1 years.Results All the cases had Hillsachs lesions and Bankart lesions.After 2 years,only one shoulder had redislocated and 96% of patients were satisfied with the operative repair.The Rowe standard rating scale:excellent 72%;good 24%;fair 4%;poor 0%.Conclusion Torg's modified Bristow procedure provided a good functional result in patients with recurrent shoulder dislocations.

BACKGROUND: Hypogonadism happens gradually with body aging. Traditional Chinese medicine views that deficiency of essential qi is the chief reason for body aging. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of tiannianyin, the Chinese herb , on serum testosterone, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in testicular tissue and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen of spermatogenic cells in testes in subacute senile rats induced by D-galactose. DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment. SETTING: Basic Medicine Institute of Chengde Medical College. MATERIALS: The experiment was perlormed in Basic Medicine Institute of Chengde Medical College from April to July 2003, in which, 40 adult male SD rats were employed and randomized into 4 groups, 10 rats in each .In normal group, no any management was done. In model group, medication group and negative control, D-galactosie was used for abdominal injection continuously at 200 mg (kg·d), once a day, totally for 40 days to prepare the model of subacute senile animal. In model group, no any management was done after modeling success. In medication group, gastric infusion with tiannianyin. Tiannianyin was administrated everyday after modeling success, once a day, totally for 30 days. In negative control, gastric infusion with physiological saline of same dosage was administrated after modeling success for same days. METHODS: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for determination of serum testosterone content, xanthine oxidase assay was used for determination of SOD activity in testicular tissue and immunohistochemical method was used to observe expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in rats of every group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① serum testosterone content; ② SOD activity in testicular tissue; ③ expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen of spermatogenic cells. RESULTS: Forty rats all entered result analysis. ① Serum testosterone content: That in model group was lower than normal group(P ＜ 0.05), and that in medication group was higher than model group(P ＜ 0.05). ② SOD activity in testicular tissue: That in model group was lower remarkably than normal group(P ＜ 0.01), and that in medication group was higher remarkably than model group(P ＜ 0.01). ③ Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen of spermatogenic cells: That in model group was lower than normal group(P ＜ 0.05), and that in medication group was higher remarkably than model group(P ＜ 0.05). CONCLUSION: Tiannianyin delays degeneration of reproductive function and aging of certain degree.

BACKGROUND: In follow of the gradual decrease of senile gonad function in the body, traditional Chinese medicine views that deficiency of essential qi is the chief reason of body senility. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of tian nian yin on serum testosterone content, superoxide dismutase activity in testicular tissue and apoptosis of testicular seminiferous cell in subacute senile rats. DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment. SETTING: Human Anatomy Department of Chengde Medical College. MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Institute of Basic Medicine of Chengde Medical College from April to July 2003, in which,40 SD male rats were employed and randomized into 4 groups, 10 rats in each group. In model group, medicinal group and the control, D-galactose was injected 200 mg/(kg·d) to prepare subacute senile animal model, once a day, continuously for 40 days. No any management was given in model group after modeling success. In medicinal group, gastric infusion with tian nian yin [composed of zhi heshouwu (Radix Polygoni Mutiflori Preparatea),huainiuxi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae), roucongrong (Herba Cistanchis),fuling (Poria), danshen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) and yinyanghuo (Herba Epimedii), it was decocted till 1.5 g/mL with raw herbs contained] was administrated once a day, totally for 30 days after modeling success. In the control, gastric infusion was administrated with physiological saline of same usage as the medicinal group after modeling success. INTERVENTIONS: In every group, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine testosterone content in serum. Xanthine oxidase assay (XOD) was used to determine superoxide dismutase activity in testicular tissue and immunohistochemical method (IHC) was used to observe apoptosis of testicular seminiferous cell. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Testosterone content in serum. ②Superoxide dismutase activity in testicular tissue. ③ Apoptosis of testicular seminiferous cell RESULTS: Forty rats all entered result analysis. ① Testosterone content in serum: Testosterone content in model group was lower than normal group [(0.52±0.15) μg/L, (1.26 0.32) μg/L, (t=3.004, P ＜ 0.05)], and that in medicinal group was higher than model group [(1.16±0.32) μg/L,(0.52 0.15) μg/L, (t=2.321, P ＜ 0.05)]. ② Superoxide dismutase activity in testicular tissue: Superoxide dismutase activity in model group was lower remarkably than the normal group [(107.22±9.33) kNU/g, (147.73±11.90) kNU/g,(t=13.339, P ＜ 0.01)], and that in medicinal group was higher remarkably than model group [(141.05±14.57) kNU/g, (107.22±9.33) kNU/g, (t=9.970,P ＜ 0.01)]. ③ Apoptosis of testicular seminiferous cell: Percentage of apoptotic seniniferous tubule and apoptotic rate of positive cell in model group were higher remarkably thannormal group respectively [(53.95 ±2.02)％compared with (34.21±2.10)％, (8.67±0.80)％ compared with (3.86±0.52)％,(x2=7.9, P ＜ 0.01, x2=5.01, P ＜ 0.05)], and those in medicinal group were lower remarkably than model group[(35.33±2.18)％ compared with (53.95±2.02)％, (4.68±0.74)％ compared with (8.67±0.80)％, (x2=7.02, P ＜ 0.01, x2=3.96, P ＜ 0.05)]. CONCLUSION: The apoptosis of testicular seminiferous cell was increased in senile modelgroup. Tian nian yin in gastric infusion decreased apoptotic rate of positive cell. It is explained that tian nian yin eliminates surplus oxygenic free radical, decreases apoptosis and improves seminiferous function in animal model.

Objective This report investigate the intervention effect of the water extract of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. fruit (AOF)on memory impairment and the mechanism in cerebral ischemia rats. Methods 48 Rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group(n=12), ischemia group(n=12), AOF group Ⅰ( n= 12)and AOF group Ⅱ (n= 12). The model of transient cerebral ischemic/reperfusion was made by bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries in rats and combination with reducing blood pressure with an abdominal injection of so-dium nitroprusside. Learning-memory ability was observed by step through test. The content of NO and the activi-ties of NOS were measured in hippocampus. Results In step through test,the latency in ischemia group[(143.8±65.2)s]significantly decreased, the number of errors (8.9±4.2 ) significantly increased compared with sham-operated group [latency: (257.2±67.1 ) s; number of errors: (1.7±1.1 ), P<0.01 ]. The latency in AOF group Ⅰ and AOF group Ⅱ[(186.5±46.2) s, (193.4±43.7 ) s ] significantly increased, the number of errors (6.1±2.9,5.2±2.1 ) significantly decreased compared with ischemia group(P<0.05, P<0.01). In hippocampus, the content of NO and the activities of NOS in ischemia group [(56.53±27.42) nmol/mg prot, (17.23±5.64) nmol/mg prot] significantly increased compared with sham-operated group[ (40.02±17.9 ) nmol/mg prot, ( 10.46±6.15)nmol/mg prot], and in AOF group Ⅰ and AOF group Ⅱ [content of NO:group Ⅰ (46.60 ±20. 26)nmol/mg prot,group Ⅱ (42.38±21.23) nmol/mg prot ;activities of NOS:group Ⅰ (13.98±5.13 ) nmol/mg pint,group Ⅱ(13.61±5.27) nmol/mg prot] significantly decreased compared with ischemia group(P<0.05). Conclu-sion AOF could significantly ameliorate the memory impairment in cerebral ischemic rats. Its effects may be in-volved in the decrease of content of NO and activities of NOS in hippocampus.