Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of sufentanil on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane for sedation in patients undergoing bronchoscopy. Methods ASA physical status I orⅡpatients of both genders, aged 20 ~ 65, undergoing bronchoscopy under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=20 each):control group (group C) and different doses of sufentanil groups (Sl, S2 and S3 groups). Sufentanil 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 μg/kg in 5 mL of normal saline was intravenously infused before induction of anesthesia in groups of SI S2 and S3 respectively. While 5 mL of the normal saline was given instead in the group C The patients were mechanically ventilated after insert laryngeal mask. Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of sevoflurane. Each time the concentration of sevoflurane at end expiration increased/decreased in the next patient depending on the concentration of sevoflurane at end expiration with which the former had no cough. The ratio between the two consecutive concentrations was 1.1. The middle point between the positive response and negative response served as a crossover pair. After at least 7 independent crossover pairs were observed in each group. The MAC and 95%confidence interval of sevoflurane were calculated. The time of anesthesia induction and analepsis was recorded. Results The MAC (95%CI) of sevoflurane was 3.0%(2.8%~3.3%), 2.3%(2.1%~2.5%), 1.9%(1.6% ~ 2.2%) and 1.6% (1.3% ~ 1.9%) in groups of C, S1, S2 and S3 respectively. The MAC of sevoflurane was significantly lower in groups of S1, S2, S3 than in the group C, and in groups S3 than in the group S1 (P<0.05). The time of anesthesia induction was significantly shorter in groups of S2, S3 than in the group C and significantly longer in groups S3 than in the group C. Conclusion Sufentanil of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 μg/kg can significantly decrease the MAC of sevoflurane in patients undergoing bronchoscopy in a dose-dependent manner.

Objective:To explore the clinical value of chest multi-slice computed tomography angiography (MSCTA) as a preoper-ative examination for lung cancer patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy. Methods: Sixty lung cancer patients formed the study population and were randomly divided into 2 groups of 30 cases each. In the experimental group, CTA images of the tumors and pulmo-nary artery, bronchial artery, pulmonary vein were acquired, analyzed, and post-processed using VR to determine the anatomical rela-tionship between vessels and tumors. Pulmonary lobectomy followed. Cases in the control group underwent pulmonary lobectomy with-out guidance by chest MSCTA. Operation times and amounts of operative blood loss were compared between the two groups. Results:Significant differences between groups in terms of operation time (study group vs. control group, 199±55.7 vs. 231.5±51.2(min);P=0.02) and amount of operative blood loss (study group vs. control group, 318.33±99.6 vs. 431.7±89.5(mL), P<0.01) were observed. Val-ues of operation time and amount of contrast agents in the study group were consistently lower than those in the control group. Conclu-sion:Chest MSCTA can shorten the operation time and reduce the amount of operative blood loss during pulmonary lobectomy. Thus, the technique has significant clinical value.

Objective Explore the feasibility of the laparoscopy, choledocho-fiberacopy, duodenoscopy for the extrahepatic bile duct stone patients and the scope of application. Methods Sixty-four patients with extract common bile duct stones received the multiple endoscopies. Results Satisfactory outcome was ob-tained, no conversion, residual stones, and other complications were observed. Conclusion With profi-ciency in endoscopic and laparoscopic techniques, and a good grasp of the indications for various methods, minimally invasive treatment for extrahepatic bile duct stones is safe and feasible.

Objective To assess the outcomes of the laparocopic cholecystectomy for complicated gall-stone and to sum up the skills and experiences of the operation. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of laparoscopic treatment for the complicated gallstone of 256 patients within three years. Re-sults All patients were cured and discharged, without convention to open surgery and operateive death. Conclusion As long as master the operative indications and the skills to managing complicated problems, LC can be used for the treatment of complicated gallstone.

Carotid ultrasound examination is a very mature examination method, it is widely used in clinical diagnosis and health checkup. Carotid ultrasound examination plays an important role in the prediction of the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. However, there are still certain problems in the application of the examination in the domestic health checkup population, which mainly include that the method and the standard are not unified, and the reporting form is not standardized. Carotid ultrasound examination must be standardized as soon as possible.

Objective:To explore the association between the changes in ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) indices and the renal function.Methods:The retrospective cohort study consisted of 837 Chinese individuals from Department of Health Management in the Third Xiangya Hospital.The general information,anthropometry and blood biochemistry were obtained for all subjects from 2008 to 2014,respectively.The 6-year changes of 7 ideal CVH metrics defined by American Heart Association and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were calculated.Linear regression analysis was used to study the association between the changes in the ideal CVH metrics and eGFR.Covariance analysis was used to compare the levels of changes in eGFR stratified by variations of the ideal CVH metrics.Results:After 6 years' follow-up,we did not find significant difference in ideal cardiovascular health indexes between 2014 and 2008 [(3.3±1.4) items vs.(3.2±1.3) items,respectively] (P＜0.05).However,the eGFR in 2014 was significantly lower than that in 2008 [(99.8±22.7) mL/(min.1.73 m2)vs (104.3±24.9) mL/(min.1.73 m2),respectively] (P＜0.01).After adjusting for age,sex,history of hypertension and diabetes,and history of drug usage (antihypertensive,cholesterol-lowering and blood glucose-lowering medication),the changes in ideal CVH metrics were positively associated with the changes in eGFR (β=0.701,P＜0.01).With the improved change in ideal CVH metrics from ≤-2 points,-1 point,0 point,1 point to ≥ 2 points,the magnitude of decline in eGFR was gradually decreased,with significant difference (F=21.71,P＜0.01).Conclusion:The changes in ideal CVH metrics are an independent risk factor for changes of eGFR.Positive changes in ideal CVH metrics exert a favorable effect on renal function evolution.

Objective To identify the risk factors for early postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in the elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery.Methods One hundred and fifty ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients,aged ≥65 yr,undergoing elective spinal surgery under general anesthesia,were studied.Venous blood samples were taken at 1 day before operation and 7 days after operation to determine the concentration of serum S-100B protein.Cognitive function was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at 1 day before operation and 7 days after operation.The patients were diagnosed as having POCD if MMSEpre-MMSEpost ≥ 3.The patients were divided into POCD group and non-POCD group.Age,body weight,sex,education,type of operations,complications,preoperative TCM syndrome type,MMSE score at 1 day before operation and 7 days after operation,duration of operation,emergence time,and intraoperative blood loss,cardiovascular events,and amount of fluid infused per hour were recorded.The risk factors for POCD were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results Thirty-eight patients developed early POCD (25.3％).The resuhs of logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥ 70 yr,elementary education or below,duration of operation ≥5 b,and the number of hypotension occurred during operation≥3 were the risk factors for early POCD.Conclusion Age≥70 yr,elementary education or below,duration of operation ≥ 5 h,and the number of hypotension occurred during operation ≥ 3 are the risk factors for early POCD in the elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery.

Objective To explore the application value of stepped screening on hypertension with self-report health measurement questionnaire by comparing the accuracy of the different levels of screening. Methods A total of 6 715 subjects with hypertension (average age of 53.47 ± 11.07 years) were selected from those who completed the physical examination in the department of health management in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University for questionnaire survey, routine inspection and special inspection for hypertension. And the patients were divided into four groups based on their hypertension risk levels: the questionnaire survey group, routine inspection group, questionnaire + routine inspection group and questionnaire+routine inspection+special inspection group. The results were compared respectively to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and coincidence rate of single inspection and joint inspection. Results Nearly 90.00%of the subjects had hypertension associated with the risk factors, while 20.83% of the subjects had hypertension associated with other clinical diseases (the highest percentage was seen in hypertension with diabetes as 14.88%). According to the guidelines of stratification, 3.41% of the patients were at low risk, 23.78% at moderate risk, 47.85% at high risk, and 24.96% at extremely high risk. Sensitivity and specificity of routine inspection were 95.56%and 45.51%in judgment of moderate risk, which became 100.00%and 45.51%after addition of questionnaire survey;as a result, thesensitivity increased. Sensitivity and specificity of routine inspection were 15.03%and 96.28%in judgment of high risk, which became 30.03% and 99.14% after addition of questionnaire survey; as a result, the sensitivity doubled. Sensitivity and specificity of routine inspection were 15.03%and 100.00%in judgment of extremely high risk, and the sensitivity increased to 94.45%after addition of questionnaire survey, while the specificity remained unchanged. Conclusion Addition of questionnaire on the basis of routine physical examination could greatly increase the detection rate of hypertension patients at different risk levels, and increase the sensitivity as well as specificity for detection of moderate risk, high risk and extremely high risk. Therefore, health information and data acquired from the questionnaire and data obtained from the medical inspection equipment are equally important and suggest health management (physical examination) institutions to take questionnaire as a necessary and primary screening in physical examination and chronic disease screening.

Objective To construct Neuropilins-2 eukaryotic expression vector for RNA interference.Methods Recombinant targeting on gene NRP2 was designed and established with plasmid pGenSil-1 based on NRP2 cDNA equences of Genomes.Two pairs of oligonucleotides were synthesized according to the Tuschl and inserted into plasmid pGenSil-l to generate siRNA eukaryotic expression vector,DH5? strains were transformed,plasmid were extracted,and recombinant vectors were identified by the restriction map and the sequence analysis.The recombinant plasmid(pGenSil-NRP2) was transfected into the cultured LOVO cells.At 48 h after transfection,the whole cell protein was extracted,and the protein level was detected by Western blotting with mouse-anti-human NRP2 monoclonal antibody.Results Recombinant plasmids were completely coincided with the designs by the restriction map and the sequence analysis.pGenSil-NRP2 expression vector into LOVO cells down-regulated the protein level of NRP2 at 48 h after transfection.The recombinant eukaryotic expression vector were constructed successfully.Conclusion siRNA recombinant can be constructed successfully by RNAi technique for inhibiting NRP2 expression.

Objective To analyse the quality of life in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) for 10 years. Methods Twenty-five SARS patients were collected as SARS group and 25 healthy persons were used as control group. There were no significant differences in general clinical data between two groups. The quality of life of the respondents was evaluated by the MOS item short form health survey (SF-36) including physiological function, physical pain, general health condition, energy, social function, emotional function and mental health. The pulmonary function indicators including forced vital capacity (FVC), one second forced expiratory volume (FEV1), one second rate (FEV1/FVC), total lung capacity (TLC), residual volume (RV), corrected breath diffusing capacity (TLCOc SB) and corrected dispersion rate TLCOc/VA were also compared between two groups. The correlation between each dimension score of pulmonary function indexes and quality of life were analyzed in SARS group. Data of hip and femoral head necrosis were detected by MRI scan in SARS group of patients. Results Total quality of life score was poor in 23 cases (92.0%), and moderate quality of life score in 2 cases (8.0%). The quality of life score was lower in SARS group than that of control group (P<0.01). Data of TLCOc SB was lower in SARS group than that of control group. The score of physiological function was positively correlated with FEV1 and FEV1/FVC. The score of physical pain was positively correlated with FEV1/FVC (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between quality of life score and pulmonary function indicators. There were 11 cases (44%) of avascular necrosis of femoral head, and 14 cases (56%) of non-avascular necrosis of femoral head in SARS group. The score of physiological function was lower in femoral head necrosis group than that of non necrosis group (P<0.05). ConclusionThe lower quality of life in patients with SARS is not only related with psychological factors but also related with physical factors. The damage of pulmonary function and (or) necrosis of femoral head affect the quality of life in patients with SARS, especially the physiological function.