Objective To explore the method of demonstrating main operative section of facial recess approach with multi-slice CT by using double oblique muttiplanar reconstruction.MethodsSimilarly as surgical procedure of facial recess approach,30 (60 eras) normal temporal bones in cadavers were reconstructed to observe main operative sections and anatomical marks.Main images of operative section of facial recess approach were reconstructed using double oblique multiplanar reconstruction on multislice CT.With the reference of operative anatomical marks,the ratios of visibility of anatomical marks on the transverse plane,coronal plane,sagittal plane and double oblique were calculated and compared.The degree,of which major anatomical landmarks were displayed on the same plane ( axial,coronal,sagittal,or doubleoblique sagittal plane),was classified using the following criteria: level 4: 100％ of anatomical landmarks were presented in the same plane; level 3: 90％ to 99％ of anatomical landmarks were presented in the same plane; level 2: 80％ to 89％ of anatomical landmarks were presented in the same plane; level 1: 70％ to 79％ of anatomical landmarks were presented in the same plane ; level 0: ＜ 70％ of anatomical landmarks were presented in the same plane.Classification data were tested by chi-square test.Results Four key operative section were involved in facial recess approach,which were of oblique sagittal orientation.The central mark of the first key operative section was semicircular canal by using double oblique multi-planar reformation.On reconstructed images of the first key operative section,horizontal reference line was short process of incus,and the angle adjusting the reference line on the transverse plane was 22.15° ±5.22°.On the reconstructed images of the first key operative section,coronal reference line was tympanic segment of facial canal,and the angle adjusting the reference line on the coronal plane was 14.35° ± 4.02°.On the reconstructed images of the second key operative section,the central mark was fossa incudis,the horizontal reference line was short process of incus and the angle was 20.15° ± 5.52°,while the coronal reference line was tympanic segment of facial cana,and the angle was 13.15° ± 3.33°.On the reconstructed operative images of the third key section,the central mark was pyramidal eminence,the horizontal reference line was the horizontal portion of the facial nerve and the angle was 32.53° ±5.22°,while the coronal reference line was the tympanic segment of facial nerve,and the angle was 15.05° ± 4.43°.On the fourth reconstructed images of the key operative section,the central mark was the posterior border of round window,the horizontal reference line was the superior border of oval window,and the angle was 50.15° ± 8.02°,while the coronal reference line was the tympanic segment of facial nerve,and the angle was 15.25° ± 4.12°.For the four planes (double-oblique sagittal,axial,coronal,or sagittal plane),the results of the degree to which they could include the major anatomical landmarks in the same layer of the first section were: level 4 in 60 sides,level 2 in 12 sides and level 3 in 48 sides,level 2 in 15 sides and level 3 in 45 sides,level 3 in 10 sides and level 4 in 50 sides,respectively.The results of the second section were: level 4 in 60 sides,level 2 in 11 sides and level 3 in 49 sides,level 2 in 13 sides and level 3 in 47 sides,level 3 in 11 sides and level 4 in 49 sides,respectively.The results of the third section were: level 4 in 60 sides,level 2 in 10 sides and level 3 in 50 sides,level 2 in 11 sides and level 3 in 49 sides,level 3 in 9 sides and level 4 in 51 sides,respectively.The results of the fourth section were: level 4 in 60 sides,level 2 in 9 sides and level 3 in 51 sides,level 2 in 8 sides and level 3 in 52 sides,level 3 in 5 sides and level 4 in 55 sides,respectively.The four planes differed significantly in the degree to which they could include the major anatomical landmarks in the same layer ( x2 =123.3200,121.4231,122.4011,125.4213,all,P ＜ 0.05 ).The visibility ratio of every section is 100％ (60/60).Conclusion Double oblique multi-planar reformation is a new method to demonstrate landmarks of operative section of facial recess approach in one slice.The reconstructive images of operative section with double oblique multi-planer reconstruction may provide valuable information for operation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the accuracy and clinical application of multi-slice spiral CT imaging on optic canal area. METHOD: Forty intact specimens of human corpse head were tested with three dimensional reconstruction of multi-slice spiral CT imaging. The results of radiology and anatomy were compared on adjacent structures of optic canal interior wall and its developmental relationship with sphenoid sinus. RESULT: (1) The high spatial resolution of integrity could be obtained with dimensional processing technique. The anatomical structure of optic canal and its surrounding area could be demonstrated clearly. (2) With the technique of virtual endoscopy, the interior reconstruction of optic canal could demonstrate the inner topography of optic canal, the reconstruction image of which was identical to that of the control subjects. (3) There was no significant difference between the data of multi-slice spiral CT imaging and that of anatomy (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Associated application of dimensional processing technique and virtual endoscopy, not only can the subtle structures of optic canal be demonstrated and measured, but also the detailed information on spatial relationships of optic canal area can be provided for operation.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Optic Nerve ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

OBJECTIVE: To explore a method of demonstrating the facial nerve anatomical landmarks under transmastoid and epitympanum approach with multi-slice CT using double oblique multi-planar reconstruction (MPR). METHOD: Two temporal bone of a corpse were dissected, under transmastoid and epitympanum approach, to observe the anatomical landmarks of facial nerve. Based on that, the anatomical landmarks of facial nerve under transmastoid and epitympanum approach in 30 (60 ears) normal temporal bones of adult corpses were reconstructed using double oblique MPR in multi-slice CT. The achievement ratio was calculated and the differences among transverse plane, coronal plane, sagittal plane and double oblique were compared. RESULT: The different part of facial nerve, such as mastoid segment, tympanum segment, pyramid segment, geniculate ganglion and the outer labyrinthine segment could be exposed clearly with the main anatomical landmarks, such as horizontal semicircular canal, epitympanic recess and cochleariform process through transmastoid and epitympanum approach. The image of anatomical landmarks could be showed in the same sections by double oblique multi-planar reconstruction. The double oblique multi-planar reconstruction to show the landmarks of facial nerve displaying on the same imaging is better than transverse plane, coronal plane and sagittal plane. The achievement ratio of every section is 100%. CONCLUSION Double oblique MPR is a new method to demonstrate anatomical landmarks through transmastoid and epitympanum approach in one slice. Combined with the operative approach and purpose, the reconstructive images with double oblique MPR can provide valuable information for operation.
Adult ; Ear, Middle ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Facial Nerve ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Male ; Mastoid ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis, to find common allergens of Changsha and to provide statistic basis for a reasonable prevention and treatment. METHOD: The allergens in 1437 patients with allergic rhinitis in Changsha were detected by skin prick test. RESULT: Eight hundred and ninety-eight (62.49%)of 1437 cases presented positive reaction. Among positive cases in inhalation group, the most common allergen was flour mite (98.33%), then were house dust mite (94.54%), mycetes II (19.27%) and weed (18.37%). Shrimp (35.41%) was the most common allergens in food group. And in childhood, adolescence and adulthood prick-positive cases, the ratio of more than 2 positive allergens were about 8.57%,18.04%, 19.15%. CONCLUSION The study shows that the flour mite and house dust mite are the most common allergens in Changsha.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Allergens ; analysis ; Animals ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mites ; Prevalence ; Pyroglyphidae ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; epidemiology ; Skin Tests ; Young Adult

Objective To minimize variations in treatment outcomes of L5/S1 percutaneous intervertebral radiofrequency thermocoagulation(PIRFT)arising from physician proficiency and achieve precise quantitative risk assessment of the puncture paths.Methods We used a self-developed deep neural network DWT-UNet for automatic segmentation of the magnetic resonance(MR)images of the L5/S1 segments into 7 key structures:L5,S1,Ilium,Disc,N5,Dura mater,and Skin,based on which a needle insertion path planning environment was modeled.Six hard constraints and 6 soft constraints were proposed based on clinical criteria for needle insertion,and the physician's experience was quantified into weights using the analytic hierarchy process and incorporated into the risk function for needle insertion paths to enhance individual case adaptability.By leveraging the proposed skin entry point sampling sub-algorithm and Kambin's triangle projection area sub-algorithm in conjunction with the analytic hierarchy process,and employing various technologies such as ray tracing,CPU multi-threading,and GPU parallel computing,a puncture path was calculated that not only met clinical hard constraints but also optimized the overall soft constraints.Results A surgical team conducted a subjective evaluation of the 21 needle puncture paths planned by the algorithm,and all the paths met the clinical requirements,with 95.24%of them rated excellent or good.Compared with the physician's planning results,the plans generated by the algorithm showed inferior DIlium,DS1,and Depth(P<0.05)but much better DDura,DL5,DN5,and AKambin(P<0.05).In the 21 cases,the planning time of the algorithm averaged 7.97±3.73 s,much shorter than that by the physicians(typically beyond 10 min).Conclusion The multi-constraint optimal puncture path planning algorithm offers an efficient automated solution for PIRFT of the L5/S1 segments with great potentials for clinical application.

Objective To minimize variations in treatment outcomes of L5/S1 percutaneous intervertebral radiofrequency thermocoagulation(PIRFT)arising from physician proficiency and achieve precise quantitative risk assessment of the puncture paths.Methods We used a self-developed deep neural network DWT-UNet for automatic segmentation of the magnetic resonance(MR)images of the L5/S1 segments into 7 key structures:L5,S1,Ilium,Disc,N5,Dura mater,and Skin,based on which a needle insertion path planning environment was modeled.Six hard constraints and 6 soft constraints were proposed based on clinical criteria for needle insertion,and the physician's experience was quantified into weights using the analytic hierarchy process and incorporated into the risk function for needle insertion paths to enhance individual case adaptability.By leveraging the proposed skin entry point sampling sub-algorithm and Kambin's triangle projection area sub-algorithm in conjunction with the analytic hierarchy process,and employing various technologies such as ray tracing,CPU multi-threading,and GPU parallel computing,a puncture path was calculated that not only met clinical hard constraints but also optimized the overall soft constraints.Results A surgical team conducted a subjective evaluation of the 21 needle puncture paths planned by the algorithm,and all the paths met the clinical requirements,with 95.24%of them rated excellent or good.Compared with the physician's planning results,the plans generated by the algorithm showed inferior DIlium,DS1,and Depth(P<0.05)but much better DDura,DL5,DN5,and AKambin(P<0.05).In the 21 cases,the planning time of the algorithm averaged 7.97±3.73 s,much shorter than that by the physicians(typically beyond 10 min).Conclusion The multi-constraint optimal puncture path planning algorithm offers an efficient automated solution for PIRFT of the L5/S1 segments with great potentials for clinical application.