Insulin-like growth factorⅠ(IGF-Ⅰ) is essential for the growth and differentiation of hair follicles which is an important part of wool and cashmere.But there is no report on polymorphisms of the IGF-Ⅰ gene in cashmere goat,and also few candidate genes for cashmere production traits have been reported in cashmere goats.The objectives of this work were to detect the single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) in the 5' flanking region of IGF-Ⅰ gene and to determine their association with fibre traits in Liaoning cashmere goats.The fibre traits data investigated in the experiment were combed cashmere weight,cashmere fibre length and cashmere fibre diameter.A few individuals of the Liaoning cashmere goats,selected according to phenotypic character,were used for SNPs detection in the 5'flanking region of IGF-Ⅰ gene,and four point mutation G→C(388 bp),A→G(668 bp),A→ C(719 bp),G→A(752 bp) were identified,which result in a CdxA bonding-site lack,and score increase of C/EBP site in the 5' flanking region compared with the wild type.Then different genotypes were detected in 520 Liaoning cashmere goats using create restriction site(CRS) and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP),three genotypes,AA,AB and BB were observed coded for by two different alleles A and B for each SNP,and 13 diplotypes were identified in the groups of the four SNPs.The relationships between the genotypes and combed cashmere weight,cashmere fibre length and cashmere fibre diameter were analyzed.The statistical analysis showed that animals with the genotype AA of SNP2 in Liaoning cashmere goats had the thinnest cashmere fiber diameter compared with those with the AB and BB genotype(P

BACKGROUND: As a metal internal fixation material, magnesium alloy has more unique advantages, such as biodegradability and elastic modulus. The elastic modulus of magnesium alloy is similar to the compact bone,which is enough to avoid stress-shelter effect. However, biological activity represents bonding ability with the bone in the body for fracture fixation materials, which is of great significance for studies on new kinds of magnesium alloys.OBJECTIVE: To observe the microstructure of Mg-Zn-Gd alloys and to analyze the corrosion products on the material surface after immersed in simulation body fluid.METHODS: The Mg-Zn-Gd alloys were manufactured by the method of fusion casting. Scanning electron microscope with spectrometer was applied to observe microstructure and distribution of precipitated phase and corrosion products of Mg-Zn-Gd alloys in simulated body fluid.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The Mg-Zn-Gd alloy was composed of α-Mg solid solution containing Gd and Zn elements and eutectic structure. The eutectic structure was almost feathery, oval-shaped, herringbone-shaped and strip-shaped along the grain boundary. The main ingredients of eutectic structure included Mg, Zn and Gd elements.Deposition layer was composed of O, Mg, Ca and P elements on the surface of Mg-Zn-Gd alloy after 72 hours soak in Hank's solution. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that film layer contained Mg(OH)2 phase, which promoted calcium salt deposition and reduced the corrosion rate. So Mg-Zn-Gd alloy can obtain better biological activity.

OBJECTIVE: To study surgical techniques and clinical applications of the intranasal endoscopic combined middle meatus and expand prelacrimal recess-maxillary ainus approach for orbital fracture treatment. METHOD: A retrospective clinical analysis of 3 patients whose admitted for orbital floor fractures or medial wall fractures operated by the intranasal endoscopic middle meatus with expand prelacrimal recess-maxillary ainus approach surgical treatment was studied, and the treatment effects and the postoperative complications were analyzed. RESULT: All patients had been followed up for 6 to 12 months. All cases of diplopia symptom were disappeared, enophthalmos were totally corrected, no cases of complication were found. CONCLUSION Endonasal endoscopic combined middle meatus and expand prelacrimal recess-maxillary ainus approach for orbital fracture treatment have great and clear view. This approach with less tissue damage and high therapeutic effect makes the cost lower than other methods and complications will be decreased as well, it has a great advantage in the orbital fracture treatment.
Diplopia ; etiology ; therapy ; Endoscopy ; Enophthalmos ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus ; surgery ; Nose ; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Orbital Fractures ; complications ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Retrospective Studies

ObjectiveTo demonstrate the efficacy and safety of Hangzhou tacrolimus capsule (Saishi Tac capsule,Hangzhou Zbongmei Huadong Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd,China) in Chinese liver transplant recipients.MethodsMulticenter,randomized open-labeled,prospective controlled clinical trial was performed in de novo Chinese liver transplant recipients.According to inclusive and exclusive criterion,83 liver recipients from 11transplant centers were enrolled.The recipients accepted Saishi Tac capsule,mycopheolate and steroid 48 h post-operation.The initial dose of Tac was 0.1-0.15 mg kg-1day-1and C0 was 8-12 ng/ml in the first 60 days,followed by 5-10 ng/ml until the terminal observation time poiut (12 weeks after transplantation).The efficacy and safety were estimated during the period.The primary efficacy endpoint of the study was the incidence of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection.Graft survival was the secondary endpoint.Safety was assessed by monitoring laboratory parameters and adverse events reported over the course of the study,such as infection,renal damage,hypertension,hyperlipema and diabetes mellitus and other adverse affairs.ResultsThe dose of Tac at 1st,2nd,4th and 8th week post-operation was (4.1±1.9),(4.5±2.1),(4.5±2.1),(4.4±1.8) and (4.1±2.1) mg,and correspondjng values to the C0 were (8.1±4.5),(8.9±4.5),(8.8±4.3),(8.8±4.1) and (8.0±2.8) ng/ml.During 12 weeks of follow-up,the incidence of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection was 4.8％ (4/83),and all of cases were reversed by implosive therapy.The survival rate of graft hver was 100％.The incidence of lung infection and diabetes mellitus was both 6.02％.ConclusionSaishi Tac capsule was safe and effective to Chinese liver transplant recipients.

Diabetic nephropathy （DN） has become one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease，and its pathogenesis is still unclear. Currently，it is believed to be closely related to kidney injury mediated by various factors such as autophagy disorder under the condition of high glucose，oxidative stress and inflammation. Mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway is crucial for protein synthesis and autophagy regulation，which plays an important role in the occurrence and development of DN. In recent years，the research on the prevention and treatment of DN with traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has made important progress. Plenty of evidence has shown that the active ingredients of TCM can enhance autophagy，improve oxidative stress and inflammation，inhibit cell apoptosis and abnormal proliferation by regulating mTOR signaling pathway，so as to relieve pathological changes in the kidney such as podocyte injury，glomerular basement membrane thickening，mesangial tissue abnormalities and renal tubule dysfunction，thereby reducing proteinuria and improving renal function. All of the above are of great significance for delaying the progression of DN. This article systematically summarizes the research progress of saponins，flavonoids，polyphenols，alkaloids， terpenoids and other active ingredients of TCM intervening in DN through mTOR signaling pathway，in order to provide some reference for further basic research and the development of new drugs.

Obesity type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） strengthens insulin resistance （IR） and metabolic abnormalities and significantly increases the risk of heart disease， cancer， and other diseases， and it is characterized by IR and malnutrition. As a metabolic regulation center， adenosine phosphate activated protein kinase （AMPK） mainly responds to the changes in intracellular serine/threonine kinase adenosine monophosphate （AMP） levels. After its activation， AMPK converts the cell metabolism mode from synthesis to decomposition to improve energy metabolism and acts on pathological conditions such as inflammation， ischemia， obesity， and aging. In recent years， a large number of studies have found that AMPK is an important target for the treatment of obesity T2DM. Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） monomers/extracts and TCM formulas mainly affect the mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）， recombinant sirtuin 1 （SIRT1）， nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB）， and other key signaling factors by regulating the AMPK signaling pathway， so as to achieve a variety of effects such as regulating metabolism and autophagy， reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory response， and treating obesity T2DM. It also has advantages such as multiple targets， comprehensiveness， and low toxicity. The regulation of the AMPK pathway by TCM in the prevention and treatment of obesity T2DM has become an important research direction at the present and in the future， but there is no systematic summary and induction in this field. Therefore， this article attempts to summarize the composition and regulatory mechanisms of the AMPK signaling pathway in affecting obesity. It provides a review of the current research status of TCM in regulating the AMPK signaling pathway for the prevention and treatment of obesity T2DM， so as to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of obesity T2DM in TCM and the development of new drugs.

Objective To investigate the relationship between insomnia,gastrointestinal symptoms,and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)levels in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),as well as the related influencing factors.Methods A total of 910 T2DM patients treated in our multicenter from January 2022 to December 2022 were enrolled in this study.General information(gender,age,smoking and drinking history,exercise,course of disease,treatment and complications),HbA1c,Athens Insomnia Scale(AIS)scores and Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale(GSRS)scores of patients were collected.The differences of sleep and gastrointestinal symptoms between groups were analyzed,and the correlation between the differences and HbA1c was analyzed.Furthermore,the risk factors for non-standard HbA1c were analyzed.Results The AIS score and GSRS score in the HbA1c control group were less than those in the non-standard group(P＜0.01).Insomnia was reported by 37.0％of T2DM patients,and the HbA1c level in the insomnia group was significantly higher than that in the non-insomnia group(10.00％±2.38％vs.8.26％±1.73％,P＜0.01).Gastrointestinal symptoms were present in 57.5％of T2DM patients,and the HbA1c levels in the group with gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly higher than those in the group without gastrointestinal symptoms(9.26％±2.23％vs.8.43％±1.98％,P＜0.01).Furthermore,26.3％of T2DM patients experienced both insomnia and gastrointestinal symptoms.Remarkably,the HbA1c levels in the group with both insomnia and gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly higher than those in the group without either condition(10.18％±2.44％vs.8.45％±1.86％,P＜0.01).Correlation analysis demonstrated a significant association between sleep quality,gastrointestinal function,and HbA1c levels(P＜0.01).The logistic regression analysis result revealed that age,GSRS score,AIS score,and the presence of insomnia combined with gastrointestinal symptoms were independent risk factors for predicting HbA1c≥6.5％(P＜0.01).Having both insomnia and gastrointestinal symptoms concurrently was the strongest risk factor for substandard HbA1c control,and the risk of blood sugar control may increase about 5 times when both appear together.Conclusion Insomnia and gastrointestinal symptoms are common comorbidities in T2DM patients,showing a cross-interfering relationship,and they appear together with poor blood sugar control,interact causally,and amplify each other.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent attention deficit, hyperactivity, and impulsive behaviors that are not consistent with developmental age.Academic and vocational difficulties, social exclusion, and delinquent behaviors are manifested in daily life.It is also commonly accompanied by psychiatric problems.At the same time, mental problems are common, and the overall quality of life is greatly affected, placing a heavy burden on society as well as the family.International attention deficit hyperactivity disorder experts have developed a common and comprehensive International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health core set of classifications for assessing individual functioning in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Diabetes retinopathy （DR） is an important cause that threatens the visual health of adults. There are some treatment methods of western medicine with definite efficacy， such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and laser photocoagulation， but they have many adverse reactions such as intraocular infection and visual field damage. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） therapies are safe and effective， which can complement western medicine. Phosphatidylinositol3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway regulates a range of processes including glucose metabolism， cell proliferation， and cell transcription and apoptosis， which is closely related to the occurrence and development of DR. Numerous studies have shown that TCM monomers can participate in maintaining the integrity of blood-retinal barrier and inhibiting retinal neovascularization and neurodegeneration in many aspects such as inhibiting oxidative stress and alleviating inflammatory reaction by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway， so as to delay the progress of DR. Therefore， this study reviewed PI3K/Akt pathway and its relationship with DR， as well as the TCM monomers in interfering with DR based on PI3K/Akt pathway to provide some ideas for the prevention and treatment of DR in integrated TCM and western medicine.