OBJECTIVE:To study the bioequivalence between cefadroxil capsules and its reference capsules and pharmacokinetics in 22 male healthy volunteers METHODS:A dose of 1 000mg cefadroxil(test and reference products)was given according to a randomized cross-over design Plasma concentrations of cefadroxil and internal standard(amoxicillin) were determined by HPLC RESULTS:The concentration-time curves of both preparations fitted to a one-compartment model The main parameters of test and reference products were as follows:T1/2ke were (1 40?0 15)h and (1 44?0 23)h;Tmax were (2 3?0 5)h and (2 2?0 3)h;peak concentrations(Cmax) were (30 59?4 25)?g/ml and(30 57?4 24)?g/ml,AUC were(99 31?14 50)?g/(ml?h) and (99 22?15 11)?g/(ml?h)respectively CONCLUSION:Relative bioavailability was(100 42?7 62)% The two formulations were bioequivalent

OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for determining cefixime in human plasma.METHODS:Analytical column was Discovery C 18 (4.6mm?250mm,5?m),the mobile phase consisted of methanol-acetate buffer-triethylaming(28∶72∶0.5V/V),the flow rate was1.0ml/min.The detection was performed at UV286nm.Plasma concentrations of cefixime and internal standard(Cephradine)were determined by HPLC.RESULTS:The calibration curve was linear in the concentrations ranging from0.1to5.0?g/ml(r=0.9995).The detection limit was0.1?g/ml.The recovery was(96.63?3.17)%.The within-day RSD was less than6.10%and between-day RSD was less than6.69%.CONCLUSION:The method is simple,sensitive,accurate and suitable for determination of cefixime in human plasma and pharmacokinetic study.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the pharmacoeconomic(PE) efficacies of three therapeutic schemes in the treatment of community acquired pneumonia.METHODS:By applying the principle of decision tree analysis in pharmacoeconomics,a retrospective analysis and evaluation was performed on the following 3 therapeutic schemes:sequential therapy of levofloxacin hydrochloride injection,cefuroxime sodium for injection by iv gtt,and azithromycin for injection by iv gtt.RESULTS:The total costs of the three schemes were 4 327.56 yuan,5 327.32 yuan,and 5 074.14 yuan,respectively,and the total effective rates were 89.80%,88.80%,and 85.29%,respectively.The anticipant costs for each cured case of community acquired pneumonia were 3 886.15yuan,4 730.66yuan,and 4 327.73yuan,respectively.CONCLUSION:The sequential therapy of levofloxacin hydrochloride injection is the optimal one among the 3 schemes.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics of adverse drug reactions(ADR)of our hospital so as to promote rational drug use in the clinic.METHODS:1162ADR cases collected during2002～2004in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS:The occurrence of ADR induced by combined use of drugs accounted for33.6%of the total(390cases),chiefly through IV.Altogether531kinds of drugs involved ADR,in which the anti-infective agents(110kinds)took the lead which amounted to51.3percent of the total,then came the antineoplastic agents,cardiovascular system medicines and Chinese drugs preparations.The first3drugs that involved highest frequency of ADR occurrences were levofloxacin,cefo?peazone/sulbactam and azithromycin.The main clinic manifestations of ADR were skin damage,then gastro-intestinal damage and etc.There were28serious ADR cases.CONCLUSION:The cultivation of professional ability and quality of professional staff should be strengthened and an omnibearing ADR monitoring work should be carried out so as to reduce and avoid the occurrence of ADR.

OBJECTIVE:To understand the situation of adverse drug reactions occured and the harm to pa?tients.METHODS:298cases reported in our hospital were classified,analysed and evaluated.RESULTS:165kinds of drug caused adverse drug reactions,of which anti-infective agents occupied the first place,anticancer agents the second,cardiovas?cular and herbal agents induced ADRs very often too.The combined use of drugs accounted for28.5%in patients with ADRs.Most ADRs were induced by drugs given via intravenous route.The main types of ADRs were skin damage,gastro-intestinal damage,fever,etc.20cases had severe ADRs(6.7%).CONCLUSION:The adverse drug reactions difficult to observe and chronic ones should be paid more attention to.

OBJECTIVE:To promote the clinical application and improve the curative effect of serum concentration.METHODS:In a retrospective review,the serum drug concentrations of 487 outpatients and inpatients of our hospital treated with 3 kinds of anti-epileptics included valproic acid,phenytoin and carbamazepine were analyzed.RESULTS:Among 487 samples,there were 248 cases(50.92%) whose serum concentration were in normal range,177 cases (36.34%) in low range and 51 cases(10.47%) in high range.Also,there were 11 cases(2.26%) whose serum concentration could not be monitored.The percentage of patients treated with valproic acid,carbamazepine and phenytoin whose serum concentrations in normal range were 48.18%,74.29% and 10.87%.CONCLUSION:The serum concentration monitoring of Anti-epileptic is the important measure which provide the basis for adopting individualized administration and ensures the clinical effect and safety in the medical care.

Objective To explore the difference in pain threshold between related acupoints and the specificity of acupoints in cholecystitis patients.Method Actual measurement was made in 80cases, a normal group of 30 cases (volunteers without psychological and physiological diseases) and a patient group of 50 cases (volunteers with cholecystitis). The probe of an algometer was perpendicularly placed on the selected acupoint, the pressure point was pushed and pressing was stopped immediately after the subject felt pain. The pain thresholds displayed by the measured acupoints were recorded. The pain thresholds of the selected acupoints were compared between the normal and patient groups and thedifferences were analyzed to explore the specificity of acupoints.Result A comparison of the pain thresholds of the Back-Shu points of the Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang between the patient and normal groups showed that there were no significant differences in the thresholds of the left Back-Shu points Geshu (BL17), Ganshu (BL18), Danshu (BL19), Pishu (BL20), Weishu (BL21) and Dachangshu (BL25) of the bladder meridian between the two groups (P>0.05) and there were significant differences in the thresholds of the right Back-Shu points Geshu, Ganshu, Danshu, Pishu, Weishu and Dachangshu of the bladder meridian between the two groups (P<0.01). The pain threshold was significantly lower in thepatient group than in the normal group. A comparison of the pain thresholds of the main points of the Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin, the Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang and the stomach meridian between thepatient and normal groups showed that there were significant differences in the thresholds of the right points Liangmen (ST21), Riyue (GB24) and Qimen (LR14) of the liver, gallbladder and stomach meridians (P<0.01) and no significant difference in the threshold of the right point Taichong (LR3) between the two groups (P>0.05). The pain thresholdwas significantly lower in thepatient group than in the normal group. There were no significant differences in thethresholds of the left points Liangmen, Riyue, Qimen and Taichong of the Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin, the Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang and the stomach meridian between the patient and normal groups (P>0.05).Conclusion The pain sensitivity of ipsilaterali related acupoints increase and the relative specificity of acupoints exist in cholecystitis patients.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics of recombinant staphylokinase(r-SAK)in a thrombosis model of femoral artery in rabbits.METHODS:Large glass plates were used for modified agar-well diffusion assay to measure r-SAK concentration in plasma of rabbits which had been administered different doses drug by different means respective?ly.RERULTS:The pharmacokinetics of r-SAK infusion in thrombosis model of the femoral artery in rabbits fits two-com?partment model,the plasma levels and the diameter of lytic circles showed a good linear correlation under the scope of20～2500IU/ml(r=0.9960),and the averaged recovery rate was(96.05?9.20)%.The peak concentrations of low,medial and high dose drop group and single iv group are(2.28?1.06),(3.54?0.32),(6.12?1.61)and(5.16?1.02)?g/ml.CONCLUSION:The biological assays is a simple,reliable method to determine the plasma level.