OBJECTIVE:To discuss the development prospect of the hospital pharmacists in clinical trials and to accumulate experience for the development of hospital pharmacy. METHODS: The current strengths,weakness,opportunities and threats of the hospital pharmacists were systematically analyzed and evaluated with the Porter's five strengths and PSET models;the development strategies were formulated by SWOT matrix. RESULTS: There were not only the apparent strengths and weakness but also the opportunities and threats for hospital pharmacists in clinical trials. CONCLUSION: At present,hospital pharmacists should take advantage of the opportunities of clinical trials market,stick to the aim of the professional development,spare no effort in discipline construction and training of professional talents and establish the space for their development and their indispensable position by giving priority to scientific research with service as target.

Aim To investigate the induction of endothelial cell apoptosis and the suppression of VEGF expression in cancer cells by sodium caffeate (SCA). Methods Apoptosis of transformed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECV304 cell line) was detected by flow cytometry, DNA electrophoresis assay and morphological assessment. Western blotting analysis was applied for determination of VEGF expression in cancer cells. Substrate degradation by type Ⅳ collagenase was measured by zymography.ELISA was used to detect the binding of type Ⅳ collagenase with relevant monoclonal antibody. Results SCA induced ECV304 cell apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. After treatment with 100 and fluorescence and distinct changes of nuclear morphology, such as pyknosis and the occurrence of apoptotic bodies. VEGF expression in hepatoma HepG-2 cells and prostate carcinoma DU145 cells was reduced after SCA treatment. The degradation activity of type Ⅳ collagenase including MMP-2 and MMP-9 secreted by giant cell pulmonary carcinoma PG cells was inhibited by SCA in a dose-dependent manner. SCA also reduced the binding of mAb 3D6, a relevant monoclonal antibody, to type Ⅳ collagenase. Conclusion SCA can induce endothelial cell apoptosis and inhibit VEGF expression as well as type Ⅳ collagenase activity in cancer cells. SCA might be active in modulating tumor angiogenesis and the microenvironment.

the incidence of the complication.

Objective To investigate the effects of combined use of an allograft and vascularized fibular flap for the reconstruction of bone defects after intercalary resection of long bone malignancy.Methods From April 2006 to October 2009,19 patients that had intercalary resection of long bone malignancy (5 in humerus,7 in femur,7 in tibia)underwent reconstruction with an allograft and vascularized fibula construct,including 11 males and 8 females with an average age of 18.5 years.The average length of the defect was 13.2±4.3 cm.Free vascularized fibula flaps were used in 16 patients and ipsilateral pedicle vaseularized fibula grafts in 3.Time to union was recorded through evaluation of plain radiographs.Bone scan was used to evaluate the viability of the vascularized fibula.Patients were examined oncologically and radiographically and were assessed functionally with MSTS-93.Results The mean follow-up time was 27.5 months.The average length of the fibula flap was 17.9±5.2 cm.Viability of the fibular grafts was verified in all cases.The average time for bone union at allograft-host junction was 11.3±2.8 months in femur,14.1±3.3 in tibia,6.8±1.4 in humerus,respectively.The MSTS-93 average score at final follow-up was 95.2% in upper extremity and 91.8% in lower extremity.The oncology result in patients with follow-up more than 2 years was continuous disease free in 11 patients.no evidence of disease after recurrence following resection in 1,alive with tumor in 1,and died of lung metastasis in 1.Conclasion Vascularized fibular flap in combination with massive allograft provide an option for reconstruction of large bony defects after long bone malignancy extirpation.The viability of the fibula is a cornerstone in success of reconstruction that prevents allograft nonunion and result in decreased time to bone healing,leading to earlier patient's recovery of function.

Objective To develop a tool capable of early and exactly predicting various outcomes in comatose survivors who restore spontaneous circulation after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and validate its performance.Methods Variables that were both readily available and predictive of outcomes were identified by systematically reviewing published literature on resuscitation.A value was assigned to these variables.We used these variables in combination with APACHE Ⅱ/score to devise a multifactorial prediction score system,which we called PRCSs Prognostication Score (PRCSs-PS).Outcomes in 115 hospitalized comatose survivors after CPR were retrospectively reviewed using PRCSs-PS.Score of patients with different outcomes was compared.The area under the receiveroperating characteristic (ROC) curve was determined to evaluate performance of this tool to identify patients with a poor outcome (CPC4 and 5) and other outcomes (CPC1,2,and 3).Results There were differences of PRCSs-PS score among multiple groups with five different outcomes (CPC1-5)(F=65.91,P=0.000).Pairwise groups with different CPC were compared:no significant difference was noted between CPC 1 and CPC2 (12.41±6.49 vs 17.38±6.91,P=0.092),but difference between other pairwise CPC groups was statistically significant (CPC2 vs CPC3:17.38±6.91 vs 24.50±5.80,P=0.041,CPC3 vs CPC4:24.50±5.80 vs 32.29±5.24,P=0.006).The performance of PRCSs-PS to discriminate patients with a poor outcome from patients with other outcomes went as follows:it had 100% sensitivity,78.6% specificity,and 178.6 diagnostic index at the score cut-off22.5; it had 77.8% sensitivity,100% specificity and 176.4 diagnostic index at the score cut-off32.5.Score 23 and 33 were two key cut-offpoints.The area under the ROC curve was 0.968,showing excellent discrimination.Conclusions The final outcomes in post-resuscitation comatose survivors can be accurately predicted using PRCSs-PS Score.

Background The situation of zonule is very important for determining the cataract surgery.Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is an important method to observe the situation of zonule before cataract surgery.Objective This study was to evaluate the accuracy and clinical significance of observing the zonule of cataract patients by UBM.Methods A series cases-observational study was performed.One hundred and thirty eyes of 130 cataract patients who were to receive extracapsular cataract enucleation were enrolled in Tianjin Eye Hospital from January to June 2015,including 59 eyes with cataract associated with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and 71 eyes with traumatic cataract.UBM examination was carried out before surgery,and the abnormalities of zonule were recorded and compared between UBM and surgery findings.This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of Tianjin Eye Hospital and informed consent was obtained from all subjects.Results A large space between lens and cilliary was exhibited and the echo of zonule was clear on the UBM image in the eyes with traumatic cataract.The typical anatomic findings of the anterior eye segment were displayed,and lens equator came into contact with cilliary on the UBM image,and the echo of zonule was blurry in the eyes with cataract associated with PACG.The eye number of abnormal zonule was consistent between UBM and surgery findings (Kappa=O.952),and no significant difference in the eye number of abnormal zonule between UBM and surgery findings (P =0.250).In 75 zonule abnormal eyes diagnosed by both UBM and surgery findings,zonule abnormal range could not be compared in 1 eye (1/130,0.77％),and exactly consistent in 8 eyes (8/130,6.15％) between the two methods.The difference of zonule abnormal range between the two methods was 1 clock in 35 eyes (35/130,26.92％),and 2 clock in 27 eyes (27/130,20.77％),3 clock in 4 eyes (4/130,3.08％).In 74 zonule abnormal eyes,the mean difference of zonule abnormal meridian between the two methods was (1.36 ± 1.29) clock,an those in 28 traumatic cataract eyes and 36 cataract with PACG eyes were (1.14±1.10) clock and (1.64-± 1.48) clock,respectively.Conclusions UBM is able to observe zonule accurately,the observation effectiveness of UBM for traumatic cataract is better than that of cataract combined with PACG.These results are of clinical valueable for surgical strategy of cataract and prediction of surgical complications.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the bleeding,therapeutic efficacy and ADR of patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI) treated by alteplase intravenous thrombolysis. METHODS:140 ACI patients were randomly divided into group A and B with 70 cases in each group. Group A was give alteplase 0.6 mg/kg for intravenous thrombolytic therapy,and group B was given al-teplase 0.9 mg/kg for intravenous thrombolytic therapy. The bleeding after thrombolysis,bleeding time,therapeutic efficacy and ADR were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:The incidence of Subcutaneous ecchymosis,gingival bleeding,bleeding of di-gestive tract and intracranial hemorrhage of group A were 4.29%,2.86%,2.86% and 2.86%;those of group B were 14.29%, 12.86%,11.43% and 11.43%;the bleeding time of those symptomsin 2 groups were(6.04±0.75)and(7.22±0.56)h、(24.63± 10.24)and(35.22±9.87)min、(3.04±0.11)and(4.08±0.25)h、(3.12±0.48)和(4.53±0.66)h respectirely,with statistical signifi-cance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in therapeutic efficacy and ADR between 2 groups after treatment(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The bleeding should be monitored strictly when ACI patients receive alteplase intravenous thrombolysis,and low-dose alteplase thrombolysis can ultimately reduce the incidence of bleeding.

Objective To determine the effects of different doses of cisatracurium on motor e-voked potential of neurosurgery operation.Methods Sixty patients,36 males and 24 females,aged 18 to 65 years,ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for spinal surgery with motor evoked potential monitoring,were included and randomly assigned to three groups.A single dose of cisatra-curium besilate for injection was given by intravenous injection in 5 s after the induction of general an-esthesia,respectively 0.1 mg/kg (group A),0.1 5 mg/kg (group B)and 0.2 mg/kg (group C).Cas-cade Elite 32 channel monitor was used to monitor MEPs,the electrode was stimulated for once two minutes after given the muscle relaxant,and the leading time of the wave of MEPs was recorded. Cooper’s score was used to evaluate the intubation conditions.Results The appearance time of the wave of motor evoked potentials was significantly longer in group C [(39.60±1.79)min]than that in groups A [(20.10 ± 1.89 )min]and B [(20.50 ± 1.93 )min](P < 0.05 ).The intubation conditions was significantly better in group B (100%)and C (100%)than that in group A (65%)(P<0.05).Conclusion The shortest time to elicit waveform of MEPs using the dose of cisatracurium is 0.1 5 mg/kg at induction of general anesthesia,which is better for tracheal intubation.The dose 0.1 5 mg/kg of cisatracurim is recommended as the initial dose on neurosurgery operation with motor e-voked potential monitoring.

OBJECTIVETo investigate in vivo survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after partial blockage of optic nerve (ON) axoplasmic flow by sub-retinal space or vitreous cavity injection of brain-derived neural factor (BDNF) produced by genetically modified neural progenitor cells (NPCs).

METHODSAdult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat RGCs were labeled with granular blue (GB) applied to their main targets in the brain. Seven days later, the left ON was intra-obitally crushed with a 40 g power forceps to partially block ON axoplasmic flow. Animals were randomized to three groups. The left eye of each rat received a sham injection, NPCs injection or an injection of genetically modified neural progenitors producing BDNF (BDNF-NPCs). Seven, 15 and 30 days after ON crush, retinas were examined under a fluorescence microscope. By calculating and comparing the average RGCs densities and RGC apoptosis density, RGC survival was estimated and the neuro-protective effect of transplanted cells was evaluated.

RESULTSSeven, 15 and 30 days after crush, in the intra-vitreous injection group, mean RGC densities had decreased to 1885 +/- 68, 1562 +/- 20, 1380 +/- 7 and 1837 +/- 46, 1561 +/- 58, 1370 +/- 16, respectively with sham injection or neural progenitors injection. However, RGCs density in the groups treated with intra-vitreous injection of BDNF-NPC was 2101 +/- 15, 1809 +/- 19 and 1625 +/- 34. Similar results were found in groups after sub-retinal injection. Higher densities were observed in groups treated with BDNF-NPCs. There were statistically significant differences among groups through nonparametric tests followed by the Mann-Whitely test. RGC apoptosis density in BDNF-NPC at each follow-up time was less than in other groups.

CONCLUSIONSA continuous supply of neurotrophic factors by the injection of genetically modified neural progenitors presents a highly effective approach to counteract optic neuropathy and RGC degeneration after partial ON axoplasmic flow blockage.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Axonal Transport ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; genetics ; Cell Survival ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Therapy ; Glaucoma ; therapy ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Retinal Ganglion Cells ; cytology ; Stem Cells ; physiology ; Vitreous Body ; metabolism

Objective:To evaluate the effect of intra-articular injection of different concentrations of ozonated water on articular cartilage of rabbits with osteoarthritis (OA).Methods:Twenty-four clean-grade New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes, weighing 2.0-3.0 kg, aged 6 months, were divided into 4 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), OA group, low concentration ozonated water group (L group) and high concentration ozonated water group (H group). The OA model was established by intra-articular injection of papain.At 2 weeks after the model was successfully established, 10.0 and 20.0 μg/ml ozonated water 1.0 ml was injected into the knee joint of rabbits in L and H groups, respectively, and 0.9% sodium chloride solution 1.0 ml was injected once a week, 3 times in total in OA group.At 1 week after the last injection, the cartilage tissue of the knee joint was removed and stained with toluidine blue for evaluation of Mankin score (under light microscope). The activity of caspase-3 in chondrocyte was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results:Compared with group C, the Mankin score and caspase-3 activity were significantly increased in the other 3 groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group OA, the Mankin score and caspase-3 activity were significantly decreased in group L and group H ( P<0.05). Compared with group L, the Mankin score was significantly increased, and the activity of caspase-3 was decreased in group H ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Injecting ozonated water 10.0 μg/ml and 20.0 μg/ml into the knee joint cavity both can inhibit the apoptosis in chondrocytes and reduce the damage to articular cartilage, however, high concentration of ozonated water can cause the denaturation of the articular cartilage matrix in rabbits with OA.