Hypcrlipidemia is one of etiological factors of pancreatitis,of which the genesis has somewhat speci ficity.This article reviews hyperlipidemia related pancreatitis about its conception,etiology,classification,pathogene sis.specific clinical manifestation as well as diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To investigate effects of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine(5-Aza-dC)and trichostatin A(TSA)on the methylation and expression of TFPI-2 gene in pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells.Methods We treated pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells with 5-Aza-dC and TSA alone or combined.TFPI 2 gene's DNA,mRNA and protein were determined by MSP,RT-PCR and Western blot.Results The hypermethylation of TFPI-2 gene in Panc-1 cells was reversed after treated with 5 Aza-dC alone or in combination with TSA.The re-introduction or raised expression of TFPI-2 mRNA and protein was detected in Panc-1 cells after treated with 5 Aza dC alone or in combination.However,we did not see the hypermethylation of TFPI 2 gene reversed nor detected TFPI 2 gene mRNA and protein after treated with TSA alone.Conclusions The methylation of the promoter region for the TFPI-2 gene is a main cause for its transcriptional activation in Panc-1 cells.The hypermethylation of TFPI-2 gene in Panc-1 cell was reversed and the expression of TFPI-2 gene mRNA and protein was detected after trea ted with 5-Aza-dC alone or in combination with TSA.Treatment of TSA alone does not have significant effect on TFPI-2 gene reexpression.

Objective To study the residual gallbladder stones and the relationship between the onset of acute pancreatitis and its surgical treatment.Methods Retrospective analysis was made in 13 patients with residual gallbladder admitted tO the hospital from June 1998 to December 2007,of which 8 cases of residual gallbladder stones and acute pancreatitis were invostigated.Thirteen cases of patients had underovent cholecystectomy 2 to 9 years before,the first symptoms occurred before 1 month to 8 years.Other remnants of the gallbladder were diagnosed by B-ultrasound and CT,magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP).Results Two cases were confirmedas pigment stones;6 cases as cholesterol stones(size0.2 cm ～0.5 cm,an average of 3.2 cm);1 cases as anonlalous pancre-aticobiliary junction(anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union,APBDU);5 cases as anomal;8 cases(61.5%)as episode of acute pancreatitis.Au patients underwent resection of residual gallbladder,with line choledochal cyst excision and biliary-enteric Roux-en-Y internal drainage in 1 case.choledocholithotomy T-tube drainage in 3 cases.Postoperative follow-up of residual gallstone was done in 8 cases,no pancreatitis attack in 6 cases,pancreatitis attack in 2 cases.Significant difference was found in onset of acute pancreatitis (P=0.019,P<0.05).Five patients without stones in patients with postoperative all none pancreatitis attack.Conclusion Patients with residual gallbladder stones are prone to acute pancreatitis,and cholecystectomy for patients with residual treatment Can reduce the pancreatitis attack.

Autoimmune pancreatitis is a chronic autoimmune-related pancreatitis.It is characterized by a high globulin, IgG~4 increased, anti-carbonic anhydrase antibody and anti-lactoferrin antibodies exist, diffuse swelling of the pancreas, a significant lymphocyte infiltration accompanied by fibrosis, multiple clinical manifestations , and sensitive to the hormone treatment.

Objective: To explore serum levels of lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 ( LP-PLA2) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who is smoking, to further clarify the impact of smoking on LP-PLA2 and the relationship with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: A total of 170 patients who received coronary angiography (CAG) because of chest pain in our hospital from 2015-01 to 2015-12 were enrolled. According to CAG results and smoking history, the patients were divided into 2 groups:Control group, n=70 healthy subjects including 2 subgroups as Smoking control subgroup, n=31 and Non-smoking control subgroup, n=39; ACS group, n=100 patients including 2 subgroups as Smoking ACS and Non-smoking ACS subgroups, n=50 in each subgroup. Blood levels of LP-PLA2 and C-reactive protein (CRP) were detected and compared among different groups. Results: Serum levels of LP-PLA2 in Smoking control subgroup was higher than Non-smoking control subgroup, P=0.018; LP-PLA2 level in Smoking ACS subgroup was higher than Non-smoking ACS subgroup,P=0.027; LP-PLA2 level in ACS group was higher than Control group,P=0.000. Serum levels of LP-PLA2 was positively related to CRP (r=0.724,P<0.01). Conclusion: Blood levels of LP-PLA2 and CRP were increased in ACS patients suggesting both of them might be involved in CAD occurrence; LP-PLA2 level was even higher in smokers implying this is could be one of the reasons for smokers were more likely to suffer from CAD and aggravate CAD progress.

OBJECTIVE:To observe therapeutic efficacy and safety of cinobufacini capsules combined with paclitaxel and cisplatin in the treatment of middle and advanced cervical cancer.METHODS:A total of 92 patients with middle and advanced cervical cancer were randomly divided into observation group (46 cases) and control group (46 cases).Both groups received pelvic intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)+interstitial brachytherapy.Control group was additionally given Paclitaxel injection 135 mg/m2,d1+Cisplatin injection 75 mg/m2,d1,21 d as a treatment course,and received chemotherapy for 2 cycles since the fnrst day of radiotherapy.Observation group was additionally given Cinobufacini capsules 0.5 g orally since the first day of radiotherapy,3 times a day,until the end of radiotherapy.Clinical efficacies as well as platelet count,KPS score,body weight,pain relief and the recovery of platelet abnormality were observed in 2 groups,and the occurrence of toxic reaction was recorded.RESULTS:The complete remission rate,the rate of platelet count abnormality recovery as well as remission rate and total remission rate of pain after 3 weeks of treatment in observation group were significantly higher than control group,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).There was no statistical significance in the total response rate and remission rate after 4,5 weeks of treatment between 2 groups (P＞0.05).After treatment,platelet count of 2 groups were significantly lower than before,and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group;KPS score of 2 groups and body weight of observation group were significantly higher than before treatment;body weight of control group was significantly lower than before,and the observation group was significantly higher than the control group,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).The incidence of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ neutropenia,nausea and vomiting,grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ diarrhea in observation group were significantly lower than control group,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Based on conventional treatment,cinobufacini capsules combined with paclitaxel and cisplatin show significantly therapeutic efficacy for middle and advanced cervical cancer,improve blood hypercoagulation and survival quality,relieve pain and reduce the occurrence of toxic reaction.

Objective To investigate the influence of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) (activity) from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the allogeneic T-lymphocytes responses.Methods MSCs were isolated and cultured from human bone marrow. Selected surface antigens of MSCs were detected by flow cytometry and their morphologic characteristics were determined by microscopy. In MSCs induced by ?-interferon (IFN-?) at different concentrations (0, 20, 50, 100, 200 U/ml), IDO mRNA expression and IDO activity were detected. MSCs Induced by IFN-? at the concentration of 200 U/ml were plated in dishes and then mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) cultures were set up. T- (lymphocytes) proliferation was determined by MTT assays and IDO activity was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results IFN-? could stimulate the IDO mRNA expression and IDO activity in MSCs in a dose-dependent manner. IDO enzyme activity in MSCs inhibited T-lymphocytes proliferation of MLR cultures.Conclusion MSCs could suppress T-lymphocyte responses via IDO enzyme activity in vitro.

Objective To investigate the possibility of DCs transfected with CTLA4Ig cDNA by retrovirus vector to induce antigen specific hyporesponsiveness.Methods The modified DCs(CTLA4Ig-DCs) were prepared by transferring the DCs from cultured rat BM cells with the constructed retro-virus CTLA4Ig vector.The CTLA4Ig gene expression was detected on the prepared DCs by RT-PCR and Dot-ELISA methods.The influence of the modified DCs on mixed lymphocyte reaction(MLR) intensity was determined by T cell proliferation.Results The CTLA4Ig gene could be transferred successfully to DCs by retrovirus vector,which was confirmed by RT-PCR and Dot-ELISA methods.As compared with control group,DCsRev could significantly and antigen-specifically inhibit MLR in vitro in a dose-and time-dependent manner.The number of DCRev from 10~(3) to 10~(4) could reach the maximal inhibition by(69.12 %).On the other hand,the inhibition capacity of DCsRev was increased from(48 h) to 12 h prior to adding stimulating cells and the maximal inhibition was(98.3 %) at(12 h).Analysis of T cell proliferation revealed that donor-specific inhibition could be induced by DCsRev in an ex-vivo model.But this kind of inhibition was not lifetime.Conclusions The CTLA4Ig gene could be transferred successfully to DCs by retrovirus vector.This kind of DCs lost capacity of stimulating MLR,and could inhibit T cell proliferation,which might be responsible for the antigen-specific suppression induced by DCsRev.

AIM: To investigate the influence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) expressing indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity on the allogeneic T-lymphocyte responses.METHODS: MSCs were isolated and cultured from human bone marrow. Selected surface markers of MSCs were detected by flow cytometry and their morphologic characteristics were determined by microscopy. The pluripotentiality of MSCs was also studied. IDO mRNA and IDO protein expressions in MSCs induced by γ-interferon (IFN-γ) at the concentration of 2×105 U/L were detected. MSCs induced by IFN-γ at the concentration of 2×105 U/L were plated in dishes and then mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) cultures were set up. T-lymphocytes proliferation was determined by MTT assays and IDO activity was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: IFN-γ could stimulate IDO mRNA and IDO protein expressions in MSCs. IDO enzyme activity in induced MSCs inhibited T-lymphocyte proliferation of MLR cultures. CONCLUSION: MSCs could suppress T-lymphocyte responses via IDO enzyme activity in vitro.

Objective To investigate how many probably benign lesions on ultrasound(US) fulfilled the published criteria and to evaluate how clinical and personal factors influenced the categorization of breast lesions.Methods A total of 487 lesions in 487 women with more than 12 months follow-up after the initial category 3 assessment on US were included.The initial US images were retrospectively reviewed according to previously published criteria,and evaluated several factors that could influence the characterization of breast lesions in clinical practice such as age,multiplicity,palpability,radiologist 's experience,and lesion size.Results Of 487 lesions,479 (98.36%) were benign and 8 (1.64%) were malignant.Of 487 lesions,203(41.68%) including 8 malignancies were reassessed as category 4.If strict criteria had been applied at initial US examination,the positive biopsy rate would have been only 3.94% (8/203) and 96.06% (195 of 203) biopsies would have been unnecessary.Lesions in women 40 years or older and multiple lesions were more frequently reassessed as category 4 (P = 0.008 and P = 0.006,respectively).The presence of palpability,lesion size,and the radiologist 's experience did not significantly influence the categorization of breast lesions on US.Of 487 probably benign lesions,41.68 % could be classified as category 4 lesions when strict criteria were applied in initial practice.Conclusions The multiplicity of the lesion and the patient 's age were found to have a significant influence on the classifcation of probably benign solid masses.