Triage of casualties is very important to rescue large amount of injuries,especially to disasters.This article discusses four problems of triage of casualties from ethical aspects:the accuracy and rapidity,slightly wounded and seriously wounded,the sequence of delivery,the choice of qualified doctor and their training.

Objective To evaluate the serum histamine-releasing activity of patients with chronic urticaria and explore the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria. Methods Sixty-two chronic urticaria patients were studied by using in vivo autologous serum skin test (ASST) and in vitro histamine release assay of human cutaneous mast cells incubated with the patient′s sera. Results Twenty-four out of 62 patients showed a wheal response to autologous serum (38.71%). Sera from patients with chronic urticaria released a significantly higher quantity of histamine compared with the control subjects (P

0.05).ASST+ patients had larger wheals(P

Objectives:We investigated and studied the incidence of depression in the wake of cerebral infarction Methods:Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAND) were evaluated and tested among 210 patients of cerebral infarction, and at the same time a contrast was made among 50 normal persons At the patients were divided into two groups, one suffered from depression and the other not suffered from depression Then they were compared Results:The depressive mood of the patients of cerebral infarction was obviously higher than those of normal group In this thesis, the incidence of cerebral infarction with depression is 58% The incidence of this disease was higher among the patients with depression history, females and those who lived apart from one's family Conclusions:The incidence of cerebral infarction with depression is comparatively high, so it should be taken seriously by the clinical doctors

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational drug use in the clinic. METHODS:By retrospective survey meth-od,the drug utilization of IVF outpatient department in our hospital during Jun. 2012-May 2014 were analyzed statistically in re-spects of consumption structure,consumption sum and DDDs,etc. RESULTS:Oral medicine was major type of medicines in IVF outpatient department,followed by injection;total consumption sum was on the rise,and the sum of injection accounted for large proportion. Ovulation stimulants and sex hormone class medicine,vitamin and other nutritional drugs were main drugs used in IVF outpatient department. The consumption sum and DDDs showed obvious asynchronism. CONCLUSIONS:The drug use is reason-able on the whole. But expensive ovulation stimulants increase the economic burden of patients to some extent.

Objective To study the influence of the operation through tubular stomach plus mechanical anastomosis on the life quality of patients with esophageal cancer.Methods Seventy patients with esophageal cancer were treated by operation,tubular stomach plus mechanical anastomosis were used.They were followed up for six months.The quality of life was evaluated.Results The average time for the operation was 120 min and the average amount of bleeding was 291.3ml.Compared with before surgery,there was significant difference in emotion,activity,sleep and diet ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion The operation through tubular stomach plus mechanical anastomosis could significantly improve the quality of life of patients with esophageal cancer.

BACKGROUND:Endovascular embolization materials have been produced and used clinicaly, but new problems constantly occur in the clinical application and new demands are also developed for embolic materials. OBJECTIVE:To retrospectively analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various types of embolic materials and to investigate the relationship between application fields and selection of embolic materials, thereby providing a reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:CNKI and PubMed databases were retrieved for relevant literature, and then embolic materials were systemicaly reviewed based on relevant clinical application and basic research literature in the folowing aspects: embolism mechanisms, clinical applications, advantages and disadvantages of various embolic materials. In this review, the existing problems in the current study were pointed out, and the development direction of relevant research and clinical application were also prospected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Embolic materials should have biodegradability and biocompatibility. Current embolic materials include absorbable gelatin sponge, Polyvinylalcohol embolic agent, micro-coils and liquid embolic materials. Gelatin embolic material has no antigenicity and good histocompatibility, as wel as has excelent compressibility and water re-expansibility. Polyvinylalcohol particles are a polymer material that is insoluble in water, has high expansion coefficient, mechanical embolization, non-alergenic reaction, no acute systemic toxicity, no intracutaneous irritation, and can be used safely and effectively. Adhesive liquid embolic material has no vascular toxicity and has been widely used. Endovascular embolization materials have been produced in succession, and meanwhile, new problems in clinical applications have been found and new demands for embolic materials have been put forward continuously. Thus, a variety of embolic materials have their own advantages and disadvantages, and none of embolic materials can be applied to al diseases. To select an appropriate embolic material is very important for safe and effective treatment.

Objective To explore the applied value of urine light chainκ、λand κ/λ ratio test in older people with B cell malignant proliferative disease.Methods Young volunteers, general older patients, kidney failure older patients and older patients with B cell malignant proliferative disease were selected and immunoephe-lometry method was applied to detect the level of urine light chainκ、λ and κ/λ ratio.Result The average levels (mg/L)of urine light chain κand λin older patients with kidney failure group(172.00 ±188.10,111.50 ± 109.32)were higher than that in general older patients group(32.72 ±33.60,15.02 ±15.58).In each of the ol-der patients groups,the levels of urine light chainκandλwere higher than that in young volunteers groups(9.30 ±5.80,4.97 ±2.61).The κ/λ ratios of urine light chain in older patients with kidney failure group(1.59 ± 0.4),general older patients group(2.19 ±0.54)and young volunteers group(1.92 ±0.48)were consistent,how-ever,it was significantly abnormal in older patients with B cell malignant proliferative disease group,the ratio was high inκtype(44.8 ±83.17)and low inλtype(0.06 ±0.08).After effective treatment, κ/λ ratio of urine light chain in older patients with B cell malignant proliferative disease tended to normal.Conclusion The level of u-rine light chainκandλis effected by renal function,but not involved the κ/λ ratio.B cell malignant proliferative disease significantly affects theκ/λratio of urine light chain.Constantly monitoring the change ofκ/λratio of u-rine light chain in older peoples with B cell malignant proliferative disease can reflect the proliferative degree of malignant B cell in vivo.

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Objective To investigate the biocompatibility of pure titanium (Ti) and Ti-6Al-7Nb surface treated by sanding acid etch (SLA) on rat osteoblasts. Methods Experiments were divided into four groups, Ti mechanical grinding group (S1 group), Ti sand-blasting acid group (SLA1 group), Ti-6Al-7Nb mechanical grinding group (S2 group) and Ti-6Al-7Nb sand-blasting acid group (SLA2 group). The surface topography of samples was examined by microscope. The contact angle measurement instrument was used to analyse surface hydrophily of SLA1 and SLA2 groups. The surface sediment mor?phology and phase were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) in two groups after be?ing soaked into simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 d,14 d and 21 d. Osteoblasts extracted from rats were seeded on titanium sheets, and the osteoblast cells on different titanium surfaces were observed by inverted microscope. MTT colorimetric meth?od was used to measure the proliferation of osteoblasts. Results Compared with S1 and S2 groups, there were more holes on sample surface of SLA1 and SLA2 groups. The sample surface was hydrophilic structure in SLA1 and SLA2 groups. The con?tact angle was smaller in SLA2 group than that of SLA1 group. The hydroxyapatite coating was firstly observed in SLA2 group at 14 d. The hydroxyapatite coating was found in samples of two groups after 21 d. The proliferative ability of osteo?blasts was stronger in SLA1 and SLA2 groups than that of S1 and S2 groups. And the proliferative ability of osteoblasts was stronger in sample surface of SLA2 group than that of SLA1 group (P<0.05). Conclusion Ti-6Al-7Nb by SLA has good biological compatibility, which is helpful to promote the combination of implant and bone tissue.