Objective To evaluate clinical utility of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in percutaneous liver biopsy of liver occupying lesions.Methods According to intralesional microperfusion situation observed with CEUS,31 of 32 patients with liver occupying lesions underwent liver biopsy under the guidance of conventional ultrasound.Acquirement of adequate quantity of specimen for pathological examination was successfully achieved.Results Of 32 patients with liver occupying lesions,conventional ultrasound indicated intralesional necrosis and liquefaction in 3 patients,while CEUS indicated necrosis and liquefaction in 10 and multiple occupying lesions in 4 patients,of which 1 of the 2 lesions of 1 patient showed a rapid wash-in and washout of a focal contrast agent,the other lesion of the same patient showed synchronized enhancement with liver in all the three phases,and the remaining 3 patients showed rapid wash-in and washout.Of 6 patients conventional ultrasound indicated no blood flow,CEUS showed varying enhancement in 5 patients and no enhancement during all the three phases in 1 patient considered as focal nodular necrosis and did not undergo biopsy.All the 31 patients with liver occupying lesions underwent biopsy in the enhanced area in the arterial phase of CEUS.On the average,each patient was punctured for 2.13 times (66/31) .The successful rate of biopsy was 100% (31/31) .The confirmation rate was 96.80% (30/31) .Conclusion reflecting the situation of microperfusion sensitively,distinguishing necrosis and liquefaction accurately,determining benign or malignant initially and guiding to puncture accurately,CEUS is of grest clinical importance in biopsy of liver occupying lesions.

10 mm)were showed by DSA.On nonenhanced CT,there were 3-4 low density nodules and 4 isodensity nodules.Thirty-two nodules was high density and 8 nodules was low density in arterial phase,33 and 7 nodules were low density and isodensity respectively in portal venous phase,39 and 1 nodule were low density and isodensity respectively in delayed phase.Conclusion The MSCT is excelled DSA in detection satellite nodule of HCC,especially smaller than 10 mm nodule.

This paper dicusses the significance of drug clinical trials,and summarises the experiences in policy making,personnel trainning,supervising and management in drug clinical trials at the First People's Hospital of Changzhou,which may provide reference for drug clinical trials in China.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of navigation and robot technology on percutaneous ultrasound-guided liver tumor ablation. METHODS:The liver model tumors were placed inside excised calf livers, and the needle was guided into the tumor using either conventional ultrasound-guided method or two new methods-3D navigation and a method based on a robotic assistant. Totally 40 experiments were performed, and the distance (all methods) from the tip of the needle to the planning point in the tumors was measured.RESULTS: Based on the measurements, the robotic assistant performed better than both the 3D navigation and the conventional ultrasound-guided method. While, the 3D navigation performed better than the conventional ultrasound-guided method.CONCLUSTON: This study demonstrates navigation combined with robot technique is feasible to improve the precision of deploying ablation needles, future studies are warranted to optimize the system to meet requirements in clinical practice.

Objective To study the effects of selective mild cerebral hypothermia on endogenous anti-injury mechanism in brain tissue after cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Methods Fifteen healthy mongrel dogs of both sexes were anesthetized and intubated. Cardiac arrest was induced by potassium cardioplegia and cross-clamping of aorta, vena cava superior and inferior and azygos vein and maintained for 18min. The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups: group A, in which no cardiac arrest was induced, served as control ( n = 4) ; in group B animals received routine cerebral resuscitation ( n = 5) ; in group C animals received selective mild cerebral hypothermia (34℃?0.5℃) and routine cerebral resuscitation ( n = 6) . After successful resuscitation, the animals were observed for 8 hours. At the end of the experiment the parietal cerebral cortex was removed for determination of MDA, GSH, LA, FFA content and activities of SOD(T-SOD, Mn-SOD, Cu-ZnSOD) and GSH-Px. Results FFA and LA content of brain tissue in group B was significantly higher than those in group A (P

Pain has been defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that is associated with actual or potential tissue damage,or is described in terms of such damage.Pain individual difference increases the complexity of clinical diagnosis and treatment of pain.China started relatively late on pain research and standardized pain treatment.It is necessary for further research on pain related to the clinical problem,the development of pain translational medicine,and improvement of clinical quality.The paper carries on the review.

Objective To describe the method and review the outcome of reconstruction ofⅠandⅡdegree defect of thumb and finger by p artial transplantation of distal to e tissue from the great and /or second toe.Methods A series of 65cases with 71ⅠandⅡdegree thumb and finger defect were r econstructed.Of those,49were thumb defect,12index finger,5middle finger and 5ring fin ger.In 6cases,two digits were reconstructed simultaneously at th e same setting.For thumb reconstruction,the donor transplants were har-vested from great toe in 14cases,fro m 2nd toe in 35cases.All finger recon struction cases were taken from2nd toe.Results Postoperative arterial crisis occu rred in 10digits and venous crisis in4.All digits survived after operative and medication trea tment.Twenty digits underwent seco ndary plastic operation for better c os-metic effect.Forty-two digits in 38cases followed-up from 6months to 13years revealed good pulp pinch function.Sensation recovery to S3 + and above in 30cases(34digits)and two-point discrimination from 6-8mm in 30digits.The patients were satisfied with the appearance of the reconstructed thumb and fingers.There were no major complication in the don or toes.Conclusion The defect of distal segment and finger tip of thumb and /or finger can be reconstru cted by transplantation of partial t issues from the great,2nd or /and 3rd toe.The operation will not be influenced by anomaly of the blood vessels.Both ultimate function and cosmetic effect can meet the patientsdesire.[

Objective To study the effects of glycyrrhizin on cerebral mitochondrial ATPase and membrane fluidity and malondialdehyde (MDA) and water content and brain function after cardiac arrest and resuscitation.Methods Eighteen dogs weighing 10-14 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 6 each) : group A control; group B cardiac arrest and resuscitation and group C glycyrrhizin + cardiac arrest and resuscitation. The animals were anesthetized with fentanyl, intubated and mechanically ventilated and PaCO2 was maintained within normal range. The chest was opened. In group B and C cardiac arrest was produced by clamping of ascending aorta and coronary perfusion with hyperkalemic cardioplegic solution and maintained for 18 min and resuscitated by direct cardiac massage, adrenaline and defibrillation. The animals were observed for 8 h after spontaneous cardiac rhythm resumed. In group C glycyrrhizin injectio 40 ml?kg-1 was infused over 8 h as soon as spontaneous cardiac rhythm resumed. Brain function was evaluated according to Pittsburgh Brain stem score (PBSS). The animals were then killed and their brains removed for determination of (1) mitochondrial membrane fluidity and Na+-K+-ATPase and Mg2+ -ATPase activity and (2) brain MDA and water content.Results The mitochondrial membrane viscosity and cerebral MDA and water content were significantly higher and ATPase activity was significantly lower in group B (cardiac arrest) than in group A (control) . Brain function was also impaired by global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in group B. In group C glycyrrhizin infusion significantly attenuated the deleterious effects of cerebral I/R by reducing mitochondrial membrane viscosity and cerebral MDA and water content and increasing ATPase activity. Glycyrrhizin infusion also improved brain function.Conclusion Glycyrrhizin can ameliorate the deleterious effects of global cerebral I/R induced by cardiac arrest.

Objective To explore the curative effects, side effects and complications of arterial embolization for the treatment of uterine leiomyoma.Methods Bilateral uterine arterial embolization with silk particles of 350～500 ?m was performed in 16 cases of uterine leiomyomas with uterine hemorrhage as the main complaint.Results 15 patients underwent technically successful embolization. No serious complications occurred. The patients were followed up for 3～12 months. Menses returned to regular cycle. In the patients with anemia, the hemoglobin concentration rose up to normal level. The sizes of uterine leiomyoma decreased by 52% after 6 months of the treatment.Conclusions Uterine arterial embolization is an effective and less invasive therapy with no serious complications for patients with uterine leiomyoma, especially for presentation of the uterus.

Objective To investigate the knowledge and willingness of genetic counseling and testing in blood relatives of breast cancer patients.Methods A total of 922 blood relatives of breast cancer patients finished our questionnaire.Data were devided into different groups according to age,family history of tumor for statistical analysis.Results Most of the respondents were unaware of genetic counseling and genetic testing.However,after a brief introduction,major of them were willing to accept genetic counseling,breast cancer risk evaluation and screening.Specifically,79.8％ of them were willing to accept genetic counseling,and 62.3％ were willing to accept genetic testing.Most of the respondents would accept inexpensive early genetic screening.For the genetic testing with higher prices,only 37.9％ of them would accept it.Supposing a positive genetic testing result,most of them were willing to perform prevention through close follow-upscreening,31.3％ of them would choose prophylactic surgery or drugs.Despite being told the confidentiality of the test results,32.9％ of them worried about the adverse effects of genetic test.Conclusions Most of the blood relatives of breast cancer patients were unaware of counseling and genetic testing,but had apparent willingness to accept them.Misunderstanding of genetic characteristics,costs and concerning about discrimination are obstacles for the respondents to accept genetic counseling,genetic testing and related screening prevention.