The establishment of the new medical model sets up a higher standard for modern pre-hospital care.Since as a crucial component of emergency medical service system,many qualifications are included in the pre-hospital care,such as multiple and up-dated medical technologies and skills to meet the need of society.The quality of pre-hospital care is closely related to the emotion,affection,sympathy,sense of responsibility,and consciousness of legal regulations of emergency care personnel,thus it is of great importance to build an ethical baseline for emergency care personnel to improve the quality of pre-hospital care.It is one important research to explore the application of modern ethics principle to pre-hospital care.

The correlation and regression between the length and width of metatarsophalangeal bones andthe stature and age were analysed in 1607cases of children and youngsters. The results revealed highlypositive correlation between them. Correlation coefficients are ?= 0. 859~ 0. 998,Correlation test andregression test are p

Objective To observe the effect of micro-pump infusion of remifontanil-assisted cervical plexus block in thyroid surgery.Methods 60 patients with ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ grade elective thyroid surgery were randomly divid-ed into two groups:experimental group(cervical plexus block+remifentanil infusion micro-pump group) and control group(cervical plexus block + Shu Fen Tai Nigeria group) 30 cases.Monitoring two groups of patients before anes-thesia,10 min after cervical plexus block,as well as surgery 10,30,60 min after the start of the heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),respiratory rate(RR),pulse oxygen saturation(SpO2),and the respiratory depression,nausea and vomiting,and other adverse reactions were observed.Results The two groups were satisfactory analgesia and se-dation effects,no advexse reactions occur;Between the two groups HR,MAP,RR,and SpO2 there was no significant difference(F=0.45,0.64,2.78 and 1.94,all P>0.05)and,time-point comparison between HR,MAP difference was statistically significant(F=5.67,1.36,all P>0.05),while the RR and SpO2(F=3.61,4.35,all P<0.05)were not different.Conclusion Remifentanil micro-pump-assisted cervical plexus block for thyroid surgery was safe,effective and good analgesia,less respiratory depression,and it was,worthy of popularization.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical effect of opposing needling combined movement method on upper limb spasm of hemiplegic patients.Methods63 hemiplegic patients with upper limb spasm were randomly divided into 2 groups. The treating group received opposing needling combined movement method. The control group received only movement method.ResultsThe rate of efficiency of the treating group was 90.6%, and that of the control group was 64.52%. There was a significantly difference between the two groups (P<0.05).ConclusionThe effect of opposing needling combined movement method on upper limbs spasm of hemiplegia is better than that of single movement method.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the development prospect of the hospital pharmacists in clinical trials and to accumulate experience for the development of hospital pharmacy. METHODS: The current strengths,weakness,opportunities and threats of the hospital pharmacists were systematically analyzed and evaluated with the Porter's five strengths and PSET models;the development strategies were formulated by SWOT matrix. RESULTS: There were not only the apparent strengths and weakness but also the opportunities and threats for hospital pharmacists in clinical trials. CONCLUSION: At present,hospital pharmacists should take advantage of the opportunities of clinical trials market,stick to the aim of the professional development,spare no effort in discipline construction and training of professional talents and establish the space for their development and their indispensable position by giving priority to scientific research with service as target.

thymus.It is not clear why and how these distribution exist,which is possibly correlated to recruitment,homing,subset,and microenvironment of NK cells in each tissue or organ.

The mucosal tissues form the interface between the outside world and the sterile environment of the body.Innate immunity plays a critical role in the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis.Recently,a new subset of innate immune cells named NK-22 has been discovered to reside at tonsil and intestine both in human and mice.NK-22 cells share features with both natural killer (NK) cells and lymphoid tissue-inducing (LTi) cells.NK-22 cells express a variety of NK cell receptors and phenotypically resemble that of immature NK cells (iNKs).However,they are quite different from NK cells in function and development.NK-22 cells lack conventional NK cell cytotoxic function and produce IL-22 instead of IFN-?.It is currently considered that NK-22 cells are not a subset of NK cells.They develop from LTi cells and the development process depends on ROR?t and commensal microflora.NK-22 cells are involved in immune protection against the pathogen Citrobacter rodentium.The IL-22 secreted by NK-22 cells contributes to epithelial cell resistance to injury and mucosal tissue repair after microbial infection.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy ofToutongning Formula in the treatment of migraine. Methods Totally 100 cases of migraine patients (wind disturbance, blood stasis syndrome) were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the experimental group were treated withToutongning Formula orally, and patients in the control group were treated with flunarizine capsules 5 mg orally, for 30 d. The scores of number, degree, duration and accompanying symptoms of episodes before and after treatment were observed, the total scores were calculated, and adverse reactions were recorded, to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety.Results Clinical total efficiency was 92.0% (46/50) in experimental group and 64.0% (32/50) in the control group; the incidence rate of adverse reactions was 20.0% (10/50) in experimental group and 80.0% (40/50) in the control group; there was statistical significant differences in efficacy and adverse reactions between the two groups (P<0.05). After the treatment, the differences in the scores of number, degree, duration and accompanying symptoms of episodes, and in the total scores between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was statistical significance in the different value of above indexes before and after treatment between the two groups (P<0.05).ConclusionToutongning Formula can not only improve symptoms significantly in patients with migraine (wind disturbance, blood stasis syndrome), but also reduce adverse reactions, with more safety and efficacy than flunarizine capsules.

BACKGROUND:Demineralized bone matrix as bone tissue engineering biological scaffold material is more researched currently, which has osteoinductive and osteoconductive.
OBTECTIVE:To summarize the development of demineralized bone matrix as bone tissue engineering scaffold material and to prospect its trend.
METHODS:The relative literatures addressing demineralized bone matrix as bone tissue engineering scaffold material published between January 1965 and May 2013 in PubMed database, Chinese Biomedical Database, Wanfang Database and FMJS database were searched by the first author. The key words were“demineralized bone matrix, scaffold material, growth factor, cells, drugs”in English and Chinese. According to the inclusion criteria, repetitive researches were excluded, and final y 34 articles were included.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Scaffold material is the key composition of tissue engineered bone, and only demineralized bone matrix has both osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties which cannot only provide space for bone repair, but also can be combined with bioactive factors, living cells, antibiotics in vitro to construct bone graft thereby promoting healing of bone defects. However, this technique is also facing some problems to be solved such as the ratio of demineralized bone matrix and various substances, disinfection, preservation of osteogenetic activity and antigenicity elimination. Sufficiently understanding demineralized bone matrix as bone tissue engineering scaffold can provide a theoretical basis for its clinical service.

Ovarian cancer accounts for more deaths than any other cancers of the female reproductive tract .There are no ef-fective screening tests .Prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy ( PBS) in standard hysterectomy in premenopausal women with benign con-dition may be a strategy for preventing pelvic serous cancer .To evaluate this procedure , we review the advances of the effectiveness of PBS in reducing the risk of malignant or benign pelvic pathologies , surgical or perioperative complications as well as the effects of sal-pingectomy on ovarian function .