An experimental model of isolated rabbit working hearts was used to investigate whether supplementing cardioplegic solution with oxygen free radical scavengers exerts protective effect on ischemic and reperfusad heart.Animal hearts wero randomly divided into two groups : simple cardioplegic solution was used in the control group ; cardioplegic solution was supplemented with superoxide dismutase plus catalase in the experimental group.Following 120 min of ischemic arrest and 30 min of reperfusion, recoveries of LVPSP, LVEDP, LV + dp/dt max and LV-dp/dt max, expressed as percentage of preischemic control valu-S, and tissue ATP contjnt w-r significantly better (P

Chest wall resection and reconstruction remains a severe challenge for reconstructive surgeons,which often leads to conservative treatment regimens in clinical practice,consequently resulting in poor outcomes(high morbidity and mortality).In recent 20 years,advances in muscle flap surgery and availability of chest reconstructive prosthesis have encouraged the surgeons to take an active attitude toward chest wall resection;many "unresectable" lesions now have a chance to be resected and cured.This article reviews the problems concerning the principles for chest wall resection,reconstruction,prosthesis selection,etc.in chest wall reconstruction.

Traditional operation for esophageal cancer includes esophagectomy and digestive tract reconstruction,which is associated with more postoperative complications and high mortalities due to severe trauma.Endoscopic surgery(including thoracoscope,mediastinoscope,and laparoscope) for radical resection of esophageal cancer has mild operative trauma,less bleeding and mild postoperative pain,resulting in less postoperative complications and low mortalities.This article analyzes the current status of endoscopic surgery in radical operation of esophageal cancer and the existing problems,providing reference for the development of minimally invasive surgery of esophageal cancer.

Objective To investigate the neurotoxicity of intrathecal (IT) doxepin in rats.Methods Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g in which intrathecal micro-catheter was successfully implanted without complications were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n =6 each):control group ( group N ) and 3 doxepin groups receiving IT doxepin 40,20 and 10 mmol/L 0.2 μl/g respectively (groups D40,D20,D10 ).In N group normal saline was injected IT instead of doxepin.The animals were killed at 6 h after IT administration.The lumbar segment of the spinal cord was removed for microscopic examination and determination of myelin basic protein (MBP) content in the spinal cord using a double-antibody sandwich (ELISA).Results The severity of neuronal damage and decrease in MBP content in the spinal cord induced by IT doxepin were dose-dependent.Conclusion The neurotoxicity induced by IT doxepin is dose-dependent.

Objective: To determine the expression of Fas ligand (FasL) in the patients with esophageal carcinoma and its clinic significance. Methods: The expression of FasL was measured by immunohistochemical technique in 30 patients with esophageal cancer. The numbers of tumor infiltrationg (TIL) were accounted by immunohistochemically stained CD45. Results: 76.6% of specimen expressed FasL. The difference of FasL expression was significant between each TNM stage. There was a negative correlation between the number of TIL and the expression of FasL. Conclusion: The expression of FasL in esophageal carcinoma may correlate with its invasion and metastasis.

FOXP3,a member of the forkhead/winged-helix family,exerts its immunosupression effect by regulating the development,differentiation and maturation of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells(Treg).Treg plays an important role in immune escape mechanism in oncology research.This article reviews the expression of FOXP3 in various types of tumors and its role in tumor immunology and immunotherapy.

The non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation(NPPV) play an important role in treating patient with upper airway obstructive diseases.The use of NPPV in children has significantly increased in recent years internationally.Nevertheless,the paediatric NPPV support in China was less reported.This review aimed to clarify the indications,efficacy and technical methods in NPPV,and therefore searched papers including clinical studies,reviews and guidelines focusing on children with upper airway obstructive diseases who were treated on NPPV.The review concluded that NPPV is a treatment choice for patient who has upper airway obstruction and can not be solved by surgery.The NPPV avoids the impairment to the body caused by recurrent hypoxemia and arousals,decreases the rate of intubation and improves the quality of life.NPPV need to be preformed in a professional children's medical center.Education and training for the parent is the key point of improving treatment compliance.

Respiratory support is the treatment of respiratory diseases.Currently, the commonly used methods of respiratory support include nasal catheter oxygen or mask oxygen, noninvasive and invasive ventilation, etc.High flow nasal cannula oxygen (HFNC) is a new kind of therapy, which was commonly used in preterm infants as the instead of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). However, in recent years, HFNC is more commonly used in children′s intensive care unit and general wards.In this paper, the efficacy and safety of HFNC in pediatric are reviewed.

Surgical base teaching is an important part of medical education.It is the important tache whether the medicos can become excellent doctors.The thesis analyses the young surgeon's problems in their working abilities in hospital,and discusses the strategies of how to improve the quality of surgical teaching,aiming to establish a solid foundation for the cultivation of the medicos.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and technique of combined endoscopic resection of esophageal carcinoma with VATS. Methods From April 2004 to November 2005, 32 patients with esophageal carcinoma underwent esophagectomy, including 10 cases by routin thoracotomy, 20 cases by 6cm thoracotomy associated with VATS and 2 cases by mediastinoscope and laparoscope. Gastric mobilization was performed with laparoscope in all patients. Results All the gastric mobilizations were successfully performed by laparoscope without blood transfusion. The number of removed celiac lymph nodes by laparoscopic surgery was 5.5?1.9. 20 patients underwent esophagectomy by minithoracotomy associated with VATS successfully, without conversion to open surgery. The number of removed mediastinal lymph nodes was 10.3?2.7. Postoperative complications included arrhythmia (4 patients), bleeding in chest (1 patient) and functional gastric obstruction (1 patient). 2 patients underwent esophagectomy by mediastinoscope and laparoscope successfully, no bleeding and no postoperative complications occurred. All patients were followed up from 1 to 20 months; no postoperative death and tumor recurrence were found. Conclusion Resection of esophageal carcinoma by laparoscope associated with VATS is a safe and feasible technique. The method of esophagectomy by minithoracotomy associated with VATS is wirth encouraged.