~3H-Clonidine, a potent and selective alpha2-adrenergic agonist was used to label alpha2-a-drenoceptors in intact lymphocytes isolated from rat spleen. Binding of ~3H-Clo-nidine was rapid(t1/2: 2min)and readily reversed by 10umol?L~(-1) clonidine(t1/2: 3-4min). ~3H-Clonidine saturationexperiments indicated a single c1ass of site with a K_D of 6.57?1.63nM and Bmax of 72.4?13.4 fmol/10~7 lymphocytes. Adrenergic agonists competed for ~3H-clonidine binding site with anorder of potency:epinephrine)norepinephrine)isoproterenol. These results show the presence ofalpha2-adrenoceptors in splenic lymphocytes. Computer analysis of competition experiments withadrenergic agonists revealed three classes of sites: high affinity site, medium affinity site and lowaffinity site. The affinity of high affinity site is 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than the one ofmedium affinity site, whereas the latter is the same orders higher than low affinity site Using im-proved Mishell-Dutton method, 10umol?L~(-1) clonidine suppressed the Ig M synthesis and thesuppression was blocked by 10 umol?L~(-1) phentolamine. These results indicate the suppression ofIg M antibody response to SRBC in vitro by clonidine is mediated by the alpha-adrenoceptors.

Sufficient embryos are needed for the preservation of Beagle dogs germplasm resources and the prepara-tion of gene?modified human disease animal models. Up to now, the induced ovulation technique has no effect on dogs,it is hard to obtain mature oocytes in vivo, although the scientists try a lot in many aspects, but still could not make a break?through. The in vitro maturation rate is too low to support the preservation of germplasm resources, application in gene?modified disease models and biomedical research. Aiming to provide useful information on breakthrough in dog oocytes mat?uration, this review will summarize the effect of different age and reproductive stage,different morphology and size of the oo?cytes and lipid droplet on the in vitro maturation of dog oocytes.

During medical rescue for nuclear and radiation accidents, triage of potential victims could contribute to better use of medical resources currently and higher efficiency of the rescue.Biological dose estimation techniques ( estimated biodosimetry) are effective for assessing the degree of external radiation injury.The application of estimated biodosimetry to triage is important for effective nuclear accident medical rescue.In this paper, the characteristics of the estimated biodosimetry and its application to triage during medical rescue for nuclear accident and radiation were discussed.

Objective: To investigate the effect of sevolfurane (SEVO) post-conditioning on protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway for protecting ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat’s heart. Methods: A total of 84 isolated rat’s heart prepared by Langendorff method were randomly divided into 7 groups andn=12 in each group.①Sham group,②I/R group,③SEVO post- conditioning (SPC) group,④NVP-BEZ235 solvent dimenthyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group,⑤Phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/mTOR dual inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 (BEZ) group,⑥BEZ+SPC group and⑦SEVO alone group. The hearts received 30 min ischemia followed by 120 min reperfusion with relevant treatment except for Sham group and SEVO group in which the hearts were without ischemia process. Myocardial infarct (MI) size and tissue pathological changes were observed, protein expressions of phosphor-AKT (P-AKT)/total-AKT, P-mTOR/total-mTOR, Beclin1, Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved Caspase-3 were examined at the end of reperfusion respectively. Results: Compared with I/R group, SPC group presented decreased MI size (26.28±4.00) % vs (49.22±3.66) % and reduced tissue pathological changes; up-regulated protein expressions of P-AKT/total-AKT and P-mTOR/total-mTOR by 79.85% and 67.02%, while down-regulated protein expressions of Beclin1, Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved Caspase-3 by 33.77%, 69.26% and 48.84%respectively, allP<0.05. Compared with SPC group, BEZ+SPC group sowed increased MI size (53.85±4.06) % vs (26.28±4.00) %and elevated tissue pathological changes; down-regulated proteins expressions of P-AKT/total-AKT and P-mTOR/total-mTOR by 46.06% and 42.95%, while up-regulated protein expressions of Beclin1, Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved Caspase-3 by 29.90%, 206.85% and 114.65% respectively, allP<0.05. Conclusion: SPC may activate AKT/mTOR pathway and inhibit cardiomyocyte autophagy and apoptosis, thereby attenuate I/R injury in isolated rats’ heart.

Objective To evaluate the effect of perioperative administration of dexmedetomidine on postoperative ileus after laparocolectomy.Methods Sixty patients scheduled for abdominal surgery were randomly divided into two groups,30 in each group.Group D received dexme-detomidine administeration at a loading dose of 0.6 μg/kg for 10 minutes before induction,followed by an infusion rate of 0.5 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 to 30 min before the end of surgery.The control group re-ceived saline instead of Dex.After the surgery,Group C received intravenous sufentanyl 2 μg/kg, while group D sufentanyl 2 μg/kg combined with Dex 2 μg/kg.Heart rate variability (HRV)were detected before Dex infusion (T0 ),10 minutes after intubation (T1 ), 10 minutes after CO 2 insufflation (T2 ),1 hour after CO 2 insufflation (T3 ),10 minutes after CO 2 desufflation (T4 ),and 10 minutes after extubation(T5 ).The plasma concentrations of epinephrine(E)and norepinephrine (NE)were determined at T0 ,T3 ,T5 ,T7 and T1 0.The recovery of bowel function was evaluated in terms of the first time to fart and intake food.Results Compared with T0 ,HRV of power (TP), high-frequency (HF)power,low-frequency (LF)power and the ratio of LF/HF power were signifi-cantly decreased at T1-T4 in group C and at T1-T5 in group D.The plasma concentrations of E and NE were higher at T3 ,T5 ,T7 and T1 0 in both group C and group D (P <0.05).Compared with T1 ,TP, LF and the ratio of LF/HF were increased at T2-T4 (P <0.05).Compared with group C,TP,LF and the ratio of LF/HF were decreased at T2-T5 ,The plasma concentrations of E and NE were decreased at T3 ,T5 ,T7 and T10 and the time of first flatus was earlier(P <0.05).Conclusion The perioperative ad-ministration of dexmedetomidine during laparocolectomy facilitated the early recovery of bowel func-tion after surgery and decreasede the time of postoperative ileus.

Objective To investigate the effects of Saikosaponin A (SSA)on cognitive function and cAMP/CREB signaling pathway and expression of BDNF in mice after traumatic brain injury. Methods Sixty SD male mice were randomized into three groups:shame operation group (group S, n =20),trauma group (group T,n =20)and SSA treatment group (group A,n =20).Mice received an administration of SSA 5 mg/kg (group A)or equal volume saline (group S,group T)immediately and once daily for 5 consecutive days after trauma.The cognitive function was detected by Morris wa-ter maze test on day 1,3,7 and 14 after trauma.The hippocampal tissues were harvested after be-havioral tests and homogenized for measuring the levels of brain derived neurophic factor (BDNF)and cyclic AMP (cAMP)by ELISA as well as the levels of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB)and phosphorylation-cAMP-response element binding protein (pCREB)by western bolt. Results Compared with group S,the escape latency and swimming distance were significantly pro-longed in group T on day 1,3,7 and 14 and group A on day 1,3 after trauma (P <0.05 );while compared with group T,they were significantly shorter in group A on day 7,14 after trauma (P <0.05).Compared with group S,the levels of BDNF,cAMP,CREB and pCREB were significantly de-creased in group T(P < 0.05 ).Compared with group T,the levels of BDNF,cAMP,CREB and pCREB were significantly increased in group A (P <0.05).Conclusion SSA can significantly improve cognitive dysfunction in mice after traumatic brain injury,and the mechanism may be related to the activation of cAMP/CREB signaling pathway and up-regulation of BDNF.

Objective To study the predictive value of preoperative blood CD4 +/CD8 + ratio in postoperative recurrence after hepatectomy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods The clinical data of 67 patients who underwent hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma at The Fifth Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University were analyzed retrospectively.Using the preoperative blood CD4 +/CD8 + ratio,these patients were divided into 2 groups,the CD4 +/CD8 + ＜ 1 group and the CD4 +/CD8 + ≥ 1 group.These patients were followed up at the outpatient clinic and/or by telephone till June 2013.The Cox ratio risk pattern analysis was used to determine the significant risk factors of tumor recurrence.Results On univariate analysis,preoperative AFP ≥400 μg/L,maximum diameter of tumor ＞ 5 cm,number of tumor ＞ 3,CD4 +/CD8 + ＜ 1,vascular invasion,positive resection margin,and portal vein tumor thrombus were risk factors of poor disease-free survival (P ＜ 0.05).On multivariant analysis,CD4 +/CD8 + ＜ 1,number of tumor ＞ 3,and portal vein tumor thrombus were independent predictors of poor disease-free survival after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Preoperative CD4 +/CD8 + ＜ 1 was an independent adverse predictor of poor disease-free survival.It was valuable in predicting postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To explore the matrix effect on cyclosporine A (CsA) test by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) and enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT), explain the discrepancy of external quality control results between these two methods and find the corrective action.Methods One hundred whole blood samples with various concentrations were adopted and CsA levels were detected by FPIA and EMIT.The results were compared with each other.Moreover, the influence of residual metal ions upon immunoreactions was assessed by adding Cu2+ and Zn2+.The effect of non-whole blood matrix on extraction efficiency for quality control materials and CsA calibrator was evaluated by adding identical volume of Hb-rich reagents followed with re-extraction.Results There is good correlation between results measured with FPIA(X) and EMIT(Y) methods ( Y=0.926 8X -8.115,R2 =0.996 9).Neither FPIA nor EMIT was affected by residual metal ions ( P ＞ 0.05 ). Non-whole blood matrix decreased the extraction efficiency of two methods, but it could be corrected by supplementation of the Hb-rich reagents (≥30 g/L).Conclusions Non-whole blood matrix may be the main reason for the inconsistent results measured by FPIA and EMIT methods.It could be corrected by using Hb-rich reagents.In addition,we should consider the influence of low lib on CsA test,espocially for organ transplant patients with lower Hb ( ＜30 g/L).

OBJECTIVE To study the drug resistance,drug-resistant genes and(disinfectant)-resistant genes of(MRS)A.METHODS The drug resistance and mecA gene of the ?-lactamase and aac(6′)/aph(2″),aph(3′)-Ⅲ,ant(4′,4″) genes of aminoglycoside and qac(A/B) disinfectant-resistant genes were(detected) in 47 strains of MRSA.(RESULTS) In all 47 strains of MRSA,46 MRSA isolates were mecA positive,39 MRSA isolates were aac(6′)/aph(2″) positive,30 MRSA isolates were aph(3′)-Ⅲ positive,6 MRSA isolates were ant(4′,4″) positive,and 19 MRSA isolates were qac(A/B) positive.CONCLUSIONS MRSA is multiple-drug resistant.The main resistant mechanisms of MRSA to aminoglycosides and disinfectant are related to the drug-resistant genes of aminoglycoside and disinfectant-resistant genes.Clinic physician must pay attention to the diagnosis and(therapy) of MRSA,and control the hospital infection.

Objective To investigate the effects of different duration hypotension thresholds on p-Tau-181 and Aβ-42 protein expression and cognition in rats. Methods Thirty-nine healthy male SD rats were randomly di-vided into 4 groups:the control group(group C,n=9),the hypotension group(groupA1、A2、A3 ,n=10). The blood pressure of groupA1、A2、A3 was measured in different time of 2 h、4 h、6 h ,for 5 days. The antihyperten-sive group of mean arterial pressure(MAP)were maintained in the 50~55 mmHg safe range. Morris water maze was used to detect the spatial learning and memory ability of rats. The levels of Aβ42 and p-Tau-181 were detected by ELISA. Results There was no significant difference in mortality of rats in each group (P > 0.05). Compared with the group C,the escape latency and swimming distance of A2 group and A3 group were increased(P<0.05). In 3~7 days after operation,the cerebrospinal fluid P-Tau-181 and Aβ42 protein expression increased in the A2 group and A3 group compared with the A1 group(P<0.05). The escape latency and swimming distance of the A2 group and the A3 group were significantly longer than those in the control group. Aβ42 and p-Tau-181 were signifi-cantly increased in A3 group(P < 0.05). Compared with the A2 group,the increase of Aβ42 and p-Tau-181 in the A3 group was not significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Long-term controlled hypotension may lead to postoper-ative cognitive dysfunction which may relate to the increase of Aβ42 and p-Tau-181 protein expression.