The actual incidence of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is underestimated.With the progression of awareness and development of examination methods,the detection rate of small GIST (diameter ＜ 5 cm) is increasing year by year.These patients always had no obvious clinical symptoms,and were often detected with small GIST in physical examination unexpectedly.Combination of endoscopic ultrasound and radiographic examination is helpful in detecting small GIST.Aggressive surgical complete resection should be considered in case of a definitive diagnosis.Laparoscopic resection is becoming the standard surgical treatment currently.For micro GIST (diameter ＜2 cm),especially micro gastric stromal tumor,current guidelines recommend close observation.Some scholars advocate that endoscopic resection is feasible for the treatment of micro GIST,while we think that the efficacy of individualized treatment is better after identifying the potential malignancy of micro GIST.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the change of phosphorylation of tau protein and expression of cyclooxygenase 2 ( COX-2) in colon submucosal neurons of enteric nerve system in inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD) rats induced by tri-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS).METHODS:Male rats (n=30) were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n=10 each):control group, IBD group and TNBS group.The IBD rats were induced by TNBS+ethanol enema for 14 d.The control and TNBS rats were given an equal volume of saline and TNBS, respectively.The general situation and the histopathologic change of the rat colon were observed.Immunofluorescence was used to check the change of phosphalated tau protein and COX-2 expression in the submucosal neurons of the colon.The expression of COX-2 and phosphorylated tau231 and tau262 in the rat colon submucosal neurons was observed by double immunofluorescence staining.RESULTS:Compared with con-trol group, the number of neurons in the colon of IBD rats decreased obviously and the expression of phospholated tau231 and tau262 was significantly increased.The number of neurons in the colon of TNBS rats showed no significant difference compared with control rats.The rat neurons in control group and TNBS group did not express COX-2.COX-2 expression was observed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of colonic neurons in IBD rats, which showed significantly different from control and TNBS rats.CONCLUSION:The decreased neurons in the enteric nerve system of IBD rats might be associated with the phosphorylation of tau protein and the expression of inducible COX-2.

Laparoscopic colorectal operation is one of the most reliable procedures and widely used in the treatment of gastrointestinal tumor. Its advantages, including minimed invasiveness and rapid postoperative recovery have been widely accepted, but the complications are still chanllenging for surgeons. Intraoperative complications mainly include vascular injury, bowel injury and ureteral damage. Postoperative complications include anastomotic leak, bleeding and stenosis. Understanding of anatomy and precise operation are critical to prevent complications. Diagnosis of postoperative complications in time and proper treatment can achieve maximal improvement of outcomes.
Anastomotic Leak ; Colorectal Surgery ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; Laparoscopy ; Postoperative Complications

Anatomy is the foundation of surgical techniques. With the development of surgery, anatomy also divided into traditional anatomy, surgical anatomy and embryonic development anatomy. Complete mesocolic excision (CME) is one of classic radical operation for colon cancer, based on the modern anatomy. CME advocates correct operation plane, and describes the mobilization and separation of the colon together with the entire regional mesocolon. With the evolution of anatomy, the definition and content of CME-related anatomic landmarks such as mesentery, fascia and space have been changed. This article elaborates theses anatomical structures and their distribution, in order to improve the understanding of colorectal surgeons on CME-related traditional anatomy, surgical anatomy and embryonic developmental anatomy.
Colectomy ; Colonic Neoplasms ; surgery ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; Fascia ; anatomy & histology ; Fasciotomy ; Humans ; Mesentery ; Mesocolon ; anatomy & histology ; surgery

Objective To explore the prevalence of sialorrhea and its clinical correlation with dysphagia in Chinese patients with Parkinson′s disease ( PD ).Methods One hundred and sixteen consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of PD were selected.Demographic data included sex , age, years of education, age at onset of PD, clinical genotype, disease duration, treatment, Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage.Sialorrhea was assessed using the Unified Parkinson′s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Ⅱitem number 6.All patients were studied with videofluoroscopic study of swallowing ( VFSS).Results The prevalence rate of sialorrhea in PD was 59.5% (69/116, 95% CI 50.6%-68.4%).Males were more likely to develop sialorrhea than females (47/70 vs 22/46,χ2 =4.298, P=0.038).PD patients′sialorrhea correlated with oral dysphagia:with food leaking from the mouth ( liquid r=0.229, P=0.014; juice r=0.197, P=0.034;pudding viscosities r=0.231, P=0.013;solid food r=0.255, P=0.006), with more than 1 ml of oral food residues (liquid r=0.319, P<0.01;solid food r=0.185, P=0.047), with delay in food transfer to the root of the tongue (liquid r=0.279, P=0.002; juice r=0.209, P=0.024), and delayed swallow transfer ( pudding viscosities r=0.257, P=0.005).Sialorrhea score was not related to H&Y stage, clinical course and levodopa equivalent doses (LED).The prevalence rate of dysphagia in PD was 87.1%(95% CI 81.0% -93.2%).Liquid was more likely to cause pharyngeal dysphagia ( P=0.03).With the increase in H&Y stage , so did the oral and pharyngeal stages of dysphagia.Late and mid-course was more likely to develop oral and pharyngeal dysphagia than those with early clinical course .Conclusions Sialorrhea and dysphagia are common non-motor symptoms in PD patients.Sialorrhea is more prevalent in males and correlates with oral phase of dysphagia.Liquid is more likely to cause pharyngeal dysphagia.With increase in H&Y stage , so did oral and pharyngeal dysphagia.Even though late clinical course is more likely to develop oral and pharyngeal dysphagia than early clinical course , the comparison between late and intermediate clinical courses does not reach statistical significance .

Objective To test whether the changes of partial end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (PETCO2) during passive leg raising (PLR) predict fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients with septic shock.Methods Forty-two mechanically ventilated patients with septic shock admitted from January 2012 to November 2012 were prospectively recruited.Hemodynamic parameters monitored by a pulse indicator continuous cardiac output(PiCCO) device and PETCO2 monitored by an expiratory-CO2 device were studied at baseline,after PLR,and after volume expansion.Fluid responsiveness was defined as an increase in cardiac index (CI) of 15％ or greater after volume expansion.The correlation between PLR-induced CI change (△CIPLR) and PETCO2 (△PETCO2-PLR) was analyzed.The value of △PETCO2-PLR to predict fluid responsiveness was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results A total of 42 patients were enrolled in this study,of whom,24 had a CI increase of ≥ 15％ after volume expansion (responders).After PLR,CI and PETCO2 were both significantly increased in the response group compared with baseline [(21.4 ± 12.9) ％ of CI and (9.6 ± 4.7) ％ of PETCO2,P ＜ 0.05],while no significant changes were observed (P ＞ 0.05) in the non-response group.Both △CIPLR and △PETCO2-PLR were significantly higher in responder group than in the non-responder group (both P ＜ 0.05).△CI and △PETCO2 after PLR were strongly correlated (r =0.64,P ＜ 0.05).In responders after PLR,the area under ROC curve of △PETCO2-PLR was 0.900 ± 0.056 (95％ CI 0.775-1.000,P ＜ 0.05).An increase of ≥ 5％ in △PETCO2-PLR predicted fluid responsiveness with a sensitivity of 88.0％ and specificity of 88.2％.Conclusions The change of PETCO2 induced by passive leg raising is a non-invasive and easy way to predict fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients with septic shock.

Objective To evaluate the effects of exothermic mattress to prevent hypothermia in preterm infants. Methods SinoMed, Wanfang data, CNKI, VIP, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched to collect relevant randomized or quasi randomized controlled trials on application of exothermic mattress to prevent hypothermia in preterm infants from database establishment to April 2017. A Meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan 5.3 software. Results Four studies were included. The Meta-analysis showed that application of exothermic mattress significantly improved admission temperature in neonatal intensive care unit for infants less than 28 weeks (random effect model , weighted mean difference was 0.64, 95％CI 0.04-1.24, P=0.04) and increased risk of hyperthermia (fixed effect model, odds ratio was 3.18, 95％ CI 1.30- 7.77, P=0.01). Conclusions Exothermic mattress is efficacious in improving admission temperature for preterm infants.

AscreeningmethodforcriticalaminoacidsinEpitopesusinganti-Epitopeantibodywasdeveloped. The amino acids' frequency of occurrence in Epitopes of shrimp antigen Pen a1 was calculated using MEGA5 software and their conservative property of tropomyosin in SDAP database bank was analyzed using DNAMAN software. Potential critical amino acids based on these two methods were identified, namely Epitope 1 ( K, E, N) , Epitope 2 ( K, L, E) , Epitope 3 ( E, R, D, L, Q) , Epitope 5 ( K, L, Q) . The mutated polypeptides corresponding to these Epitopes in which these critical amino acids were substituted with alanine were synthesized. The IgG binding ability of these mutants was analyzed by competitive immunodot-blot method and indirect ELISA using Epitope antibody to screen the critical amino acids. Experimental results showed that the critical amino acids of the four Epitopes were as follows: Epitope 1 ( Gln ) , Epitope 2 ( Leu and Glu ) , Epitope 3 ( Leu and Asp) , Epitope 5 ( Leu) . The feasibility of this screening method was proved and it also offered a theoretical foundation for research on sensitization mechanism of Pen a1 and desensitization using gene modification.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumors in gastrointestinal tract. At present, surgical and molecular targeted therapies are the main treatments. Operation is properly the only way of radical resection. The general principles of surgery are complete resection of the tumor, negative margins, as well as no intraoperative tumor rupture. The choice of surgical skills for GIST is obviously affected by different locations. This paper reviews current literatures combined with our experiences, and elaborates relevant contents in detail.
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; Humans ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue

Neoadjuvant therapy has become an indispensable part of the treatment in locally advanced mild-low rectal cancer. Neoadjuvant therapy can cause the regression of the tumor body as well as drainage lymph nodes, which may influence the size, number, and metastatic status of the lymph nodes. In clinical practice, the total number of lymph nodes detected in rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant therapy were significantly decreased, making it difficult to meet the standard of the NCCN guideline that at least 12 regional lymph nodes should be harvested. The optimal detection of yielded lymph nodes in rectal cancer is essential for accurate staging, response assessment, and adjuvant treatment decision. The lymph node diameter is significantly reduced after neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. In general, the number of detected lymph nodes is significantly reduced without additional pathological examination. The detected lymph nodes would increase by deliberate pathological examination, improvement of the detection method, or using a lymph node tracer. However, whether the number of detected lymph nodes is still needed to meet the requirements of the NCCN guideline, and the relationship between the number of detected lymph nodes and the prognosis are still controversial. At present, the number of negative lymph nodes, LNR, LODDS, etc. can be also used to predict prognosis in addition to ypN staging. For patients with ypN0 and ypN+ stage, different evaluation methods can be selected. For patients with ypN0, the number of detected lymph nodes still has important clinical significance for the prognosis and treatment decision. This article will introduce the related issues, and provide more evidence-based diagnosis and treatment practice.