Objective To determine the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasound-guided cholangiography(EUSGC)with fine needle puncture .Methods Twenty-six patients with obstructive jaundice failed i n previous endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) and magnetic res onance cholangiopancrcatography(MRCP) or have metallic foreign materials in some where of body. By a linear scanning echoendoscopy in conjunction with a 22-gau ge aspiration needle, transduodenal selective cholangiography was attempted.Results Cholangiography was successfully performed in all patie nts (EUSGC success 100% vs. ERCP 0%). No complications occurred in the patients. In 19 patients, abnormalities were found from EUSGC. Choledocholithiasis have b een confirmed by sphincterotomy(n=5),common bile duct strictures were confirmed by surgical operation(n=11).Three other patients have delayed excretion of co ntract medium.Conclusion EUSGC allows a safe and accurate alternative method for obtaining cholangiography in those patients when ERCP or MRCP failed.

Objective A HPLC method was established for the determination of paeonol and paeoniflolin in cortex moutan from different processing.To investigate the necessity of processing to the cortex moutan.Methods The HPLC(high performance liquid chromatogram)method was established for the determination of the contents of the paeonol and paeoniflolin in cortex moutan.The conditions of the chromatograph method was as following:AC18 column was used.The mobile phase for paeonol determination was methanol-water(45:55)and detection wavelength was 274nm.The mobile phase for paeoniflorin determ ination was acetonitrile-0.1%H3PO4(15:85)and detection wavelength was 230nm.Results The results showd that the linear ranges of paeonol and paeoniflorin determ ination were 0.36～2.2?g/L～and 0.042～1.06?g/L respectively.The average recoveries of paeonol and paeoniflorin were 96.30%(RSD=0.97%)and 98.21%(RSD=0.64%)respectively.Conclusion The method is simple,accurate and reproducibility.The experimental results showd that the contents of paeonol and paeoniflorin in coaex moutan from diferent processing were positive correlated,while the contents of cortex moutan from Sichuan were higher than that of the others.We had better combine the pharmacodynamic action study to illuminate the feasibility of processing to the Cortex Moutan.

OBJECTIVE To assess the skills and key points with frontal ostium in Draf IIa endoscopic frontal sinus surgery.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 607 cases of patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery between September, 2004 and December, 2007, 84 cases(147 sides)of patients who underwent Draf IIa endoscopic frontal sinus surgery.The period of follow-up were 7 to 40 months.RESULTS All of 84 cases(147 sides) of patients, frontal ostium drainage was restored in 58 cases(102 sides, 69%), improved in 16 cases(28 sides, 19 percent), invalid in 10 cases(17 sides, 12%).CONCLUSION Endoscopic sinus surgery is an effective way for the treatment of chronic frontal sinusitis.Draf IIa endoscopic frontal sinus surgery is an easy and useful technique to restore the drainage of frontal ostium.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and its receptor TrkB in the development of allergic rhinitis(AR). METHODS SD rats were randomly divided into allergic rhinitis group(AR group, n=20) and control group (Con group, n=10) . A model of allergic rhinitis in health SD rat was established by using ovalbumin intraperitoneal immunization and nasal antigen challenge. The nasal mucosa obtained from 18 out of 20 AR models as well as 10 normal controls were studied with immunohistochemistry (Envision System) method to observe the expression and distribution of BDNF and TrkB. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining showed that the distribution of BDNF and TrkB in nasal mucosa from normal rats was in accordance with that in the nasal mucosa from rats with allergic rhinitis on the whole. The study showed that immunoreactivity to BDNF (or to TrkB) was present both on the surface and in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells, glandular cells and their duct cells. The statistical analysis of imumunohistochemical staining showed that the IOD of BDNF in rat nasal mucosa with allergic rhinitis (77344.17?8567.02) was obviously higher than that in the normal rat nasal mucosa (54124.82? 18515). There was a statistical significance between the two groups (t=3.053, P

Objective To compare the effects of nitinol alloy memorial stent with silastic tube in treating the stenosis of the rabbit.Methods 16 rabbits with external ear canal(EEC) stenosis were randomly divided into two groups.One group was implanted with skin on the EEC wound while the other not.By self-comparison method nitinol alloy memorial stem was implanted in a rabbit's one ear and the silastic tube in the other.After days 5,15,30,and 60 later,the diameters of the external ear canal (with two materials planted) were measured respectively in the skin-planting group.In the naked group scar tissues were harvested and tested separately according to the planting material.HE coloration were used to study fibroblast hyperplasty while RT-PCR were applied to detecting the TGFβ1mRNA expression.The two brackets were compared according to their effect to scar hyperplasty.Results The EEC diameters using nitinol alloy memorial stem were found more spacious than using silastic tube.HE coloration showed the fibroblast hyperplasia was more mitigatory by using the nitinol alloy memorial stent.RT-PCR also found the TGFβ1mRNA expression was low by using same material.Conclusion The nitinol alloy memorial stent shows obvious superiority over silastic tube in external ear canal stenosis therapy.

Objective To investigate the clinical outcome and treatment characteristics of viral encephalitis with bilateral thalamic damage so as to improve its prognosis.Methods Twelve cases of viral encephalitis with bilateral thalamic damage were collected during September 2012 to June 2013 by head MRI.These cases were retrospectively studied with the data of medical history,physical examination,laboratory and brain function monitoring and treatment.The relationship between treatment and prognosis was studied during 2 years of follow-up.Results All patients began with the rapid onset,accompanied by fever,coma,and convulsions.Delirium and involuntary movement occurred during the recovery period.Six cases(50.0％) received ventilator assisted ventilation.In the acute phase,electroencephalogram (EEG) showed diffuse slow wave and 4 cases(33.3％) had status epilepticus on EEG.Ten cases discharged from hospital had long-term oral anti epileptic drugs,which lasted 6 months in 3 cases,1 year in 4 cases,and 2 years in 3 cases for maintaining EEG stability.Head MRI indicated white matter demyelination besides the gray matter damage within the thalamus.All 12 patients underwent methylprednisolone impact treatment and 6 cases had effective reversal within 1 week of onset with better tolerance,and the other 6 cases received treatment in subacute stage and 5 of them accelerated recovery and 1 case had sense improvement,but died after giving up therapy.After 3 months courses,8 cases(66.7％) got gross motor and swallowing function recovered to normal,and 3 cases had left unilateral limb movement disorder.After 2 years of follow-up,11 cases had normal motor,intelligence returned to normal in 9 cases,and 2 cases had mild mental retardation.Conclusions Viral encephalitis complicated with bilateral thalamic damage is characterized by acute onset,serious manifestations,idiopathic progress;in the subacute stage it is most likely to develop white matter demyelination.The key to control the disease is to block the inflammatory immune response quickly,and give patients large dose methylprednisolone treatment can effectively curb the progress of the disease.In the sub acute phase,it can promote the recovery,safe and effective.The long-term prognosis will be good with the reasonable treatment at early stage of the disease.

Objective To investigate toe-brachial index ( TBI) in the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease ( PAD) and its risk factors in the patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods TBI was examined in the 238 patients with type 2 diabetes.The patients were divided into the group with low TBI ( TBI≤0.7 ) and the group with normal ABI ( TBI>0.7 ) .The two groups were compared for clinical parameters.Results Thirty two patients (13.4%)with abnormal ABI (TBI≤0.7) showed older age [(63.8 ±9.9) yrs vs (54.9 ±10.8) yrs, P =0.000] , lower diastolic blood pressure [(70.5 ±6.9) mmHg vs (74.9 ±9.1) mmHg, P =0.003], more frequency of hypertension (56.3%vs 38.3%, P =0.043), coronary artery heart disease (28.7%vs 10.7%, P =0.020) and cere-bral vascular disease (15.6%vs 4.4%, P =0.025).Step-wise analysis screened that age and diastolic blood pressure were the inde-pendent risk factors for TBI .Conclusions Aging and hypertension were the risk factors in the patients with abnormal TBI in type 2 di-abetes.TBI was an easy and economical method for diagnosing PAD in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective:To explore the correlations between 11C-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane (CFT) microPET/CT imaging and the degree of damage to dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra of midbrain and the severity of Parkinson′s disease (PD). Methods:Sixty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into PD model group ( n=48) and control group ( n=12) by random number table method. The PD model was established by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the right striatum. The rotational behavior test and 11C-CFT microPET/CT imaging were performed at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after the establishment of PD model. The radioactivity uptake values of bilateral striatum were analyzed and the radioactivity uptake ratio of injured side to healthy side was calculated. The number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive positive neurons in the pars compacta of substantia nigra was counted by immunofluorescence staining, and the ratio of total number of TH positive neurons in injured side to healthy side was calculated. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, the least significant difference t test and Pearson correlation analysis. Results:At 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after the establishment of PD model, the rotation speed of PD model to the healthy side was (4.55±1.37), (8.64±1.64), (9.96±1.83) and (11.67±2.77) r/min, respectively, while there was no rotation behavior in the control group. Meanwhile, the ratios of 11C-CFT uptake and the number of TH positive neurons in the PD model group were 0.658±0.038, 0.580±0.094, 0.513±0.042, 0.394±0.065 and 0.698±0.066, 0.604±0.062, 0.546±0.064, 0.315±0.082, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group (0.997±0.048 and 0.996±0.054; F values: 167.50, 169.20, both P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that 11C-CFT uptake ratio was correlated with rotation behavior (rotation speed) and TH positive neuron ratio ( r values: -0.877, 0.897, both P<0.001). Conclusion:In the PD animal model, the ratios of 11C-CFT uptake has a good correlation with the degree of damage to dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain (TH positive neuron ratio) and the severity of PD.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in allergic rhinitis of rat. METHOD: Thirty SD rats free of disease were randomly divided into two groups. A model of allergic rhinitis rat was established by using ovalbumin intraperitoneal immunization and intranasal antigen challenge. The nasal mucosa from 18 out of 20 AR models as well as 10 normal controls were studied for expression of BDNF mRNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULT: BDNF/beta-actin ratio in AR models was significantly higher than control (0.49+/-0.07 vs 0.28+/-0.01, P<0.05). CONCLUSION BDNF played an important role in the development of allergic rhinitis of rat.
Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Nasal Mucosa ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; metabolism