AIM:To study the effects of lipopolysaccharide(LPS), interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor ? (TNF?) on tissue factor(TF) expression of astrocytes. METHODS:Astrocytes were identified with anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody. The TF activity of cell lysate was measured with one stage clotting assay. RESULTS:TF activity of astrocytes of LPS,IL-6,TNF? groups were obviously higher than that of the control group( P

To improve students' experimental research skills,innovative consciousness,promote the construction of functional experimental center,we established series of “comprehensive,contrivable,innovative” experiments in medical students.

Objective To investigate relationship between obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome(OSAHS) and hypertension.Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted among 1573 local permanent residents in Guangzhou during March and June 2006 to understand prevalence of hypertension and snoring,and polysomnography monitoring was performed for 347 of them with moderate and severe snoring to estimate prevalence of OSAHS.Risk factors for hypertension was screened with multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results In total,1547 copies of valid questionnaires were collected,and 184 cases (11.9%) of hypertension were found with a prevalence of 10Department of Endocrinology,Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital,Taiyuan 030012,China 0%,49 of diabetes with a prevalence of 2.7%,and 212 of dyslipidemia with a prevalence of 10.4%.Prevalence of OSAHS was found in 34 of them (2.2% ) with Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) score equal to or greater than nine.Prevalence of hypertension in OSAHS group was 32.5%,much higher than that in non-snoring group (8.3% ) and snoring group ( 17.1% ).Results of logistic regression analysis showed that age,gender,OSAHS,diabetes and dyslipidemia all were high-risk factors for hypertension,with OSAHS ranking the third.Conclusion OSAHS is one of high-risk factors for hypertension.

Objective To investigate T-bet mRNA expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and its relations with allergen specific IgE (SIgE), eosinophile cationic protein (ECP) levels, and allergic symptom in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods The allergen, SIgE, and ECP in serum of patients with AR were detected by Unicap CAP system. Blood samples were taken from 15 healthy controls and 35 house dust mite allergic patients. PBMC was isolated by density gradient centrifugation and one part of them was cultured with mite allergen at a concentration of 50 μg/mL. PBMC was subjected to analysis of T-bet mRNA expression using semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The ratio of T-bet to β-actin mRNA levels was 0.418 ± 0. 101 in patients of AR and 0.706 ± 0.091 in healthy controls and the difference was significant (P ＜ 0.01). The expression intensity of T-bet mRNA was not related to varying severity of allergic symptom and ECP levels ( r = - 0.227, - 0.033, P ＞ 0.05). However, there was an inverse correlation between expression intensity of T-bet mRNA and SIgE concentration (r = -0.375, P ＜ 0.05). There was a positive correlation between SIgE and allergic symptom scores ( r = 0.426, P ＜ 0.05). After that PBMC was stimulated by mite allergen, the expression intensity of T-bet mRNA, ECP, and SIgE changed very little ( P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion Down-regulated expression of T-bet mRNA in mite-AR patients is not related to serum ECP and symptom scores but one of important links in the mechanism of imbalance of Th1/Th2 in the occurrence of AR. Specific allergen has no effect on T-bet mRNA, ECP, and SIgE of children and adults with AR in vitro. The level of SIgE objectively and directly indicates the severity of allergic symptom, but T-bet did not. T-bet may be one of indirect factors which affect the level of IgE.

Objectives: To explore the effects of 13-cis-retinoic acid (13cRA) alone or combined with interferonα-2b (IFNα-2b) for the inhibition of cell growth and apoptosis induction of mantle cell lymphoma cell lines Jeko-1 cells. Methods: Jeko-1 cells were treated by different concentrations of 13cRA alone or combined with IFN-α2b. CCK-8 was used to measure the inhibition effects by different treatments. Cell cycles were analyzed by flow cytometry. Effects on apoptosis were assessed by staining of Annexin Ⅴ/PI. And the levels of Cyclin D1, caspase-9 and Rb proteins were measured by Western blot method. Results: 13cRA alone at different doses and its combination with IFNα-2b inhibited Jeko-1 cells growth and induced apoptosis, but the combination had higher inhibition potential and significant apoptosis rate (P<0.05) . The growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in Jeko-1 cells increased significantly with the elevation of drugs concentration and treating duration (P<0.05) . As well as the percentage of Jeko-1 cells at G₁/G₂ phases increased (P<0.05) and cells at S phase decreased (P<0.05) , the levels of Cyclin D1 and Rb decreased with elimination caspase-9. Conclusion 13cRA, IFN-α2b and their combined administration inhibited cells growth and induced apoptosis, decreased the cell populations at S phase and blocked the cells at G₁/G₂ phase. Combination of the drugs may have a cooperated action. The therapeutic synergistic effects of 13cRA and IFN-α2b were assumed to lower the expression of Cyclin D1 and Rb proteins, and induce apoptosis by activating caspase-9 pathway.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between the mechanism underlying electroacupuncture-induced reduction of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and microglial nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway in aged mice.Methods:Sixty SPF healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 18 months, weighing 27-30 g, were allocated into 4 groups ( n=15 each) using a random number table method: control group (C group), operation group (O group), operation plus sham electroacupuncture group (O+ SE group) and operation plus electroacupuncture group (O+ Egroup). In O+ E group, the mice received electrical stimulation at the Baihui and Shenting acupoints for a duration of 30 min. The electroacupuncture entailed the utilization of a continuous wave with a frequency of 10 Hz, an intensity of 1 mA, and a daily application for 5 consecutive days. The mice in Y group underwent the same procedure as O+ E group, except that no electrical stimulation was administered. Laparotomy was performed on the mice following a 3% isoflurane anesthesia in O, O+ SE, and O+ E groups. The open field test was conducted in the morning of 6th day after surgery to assess the spontaneous activity and anxiety-like behavior. The novel object recognition test was subsequently performed in the afternoon of 6th day after surgery. The fear conditioning test was performed on 7th day postoperatively. The mice were sacrificed under deep anesthesia at the end of behavioral testing, and the hippocampal tissue was extracted for determination of the expression of phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65), NLRP3, postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95), and synaptic vesicle protein (SYN) (by Western blot) and the co-staining area of NLRP3 and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1, a specific marker for microglia) (by immunofluorescence staining) and for measurement of the dendritic length and dendritic spine density of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region (using Golgi staining). Results:No statistically significant differences were observed in terms of movement speed, distance traveled, and time of center stay during the open field test among the four groups ( P>0.05). Compared to C group, the percentage of novel object exploration and discrimination index were significantly decreased, the freezing time was prolonged, the expression of p-NF-κB p65 and NLRP3 in the hippocampal tissue was up-regulated, the co-staining area of NLRP3 and Iba1 was increased, the expression of PSD-95 and SYN was down-regulated, and the dendritic length and dendritic spine density of hippocampal neurons were decreased in O, O+ SE and O+ E groups ( P<0.05). Compared to O group, the percentage of novel object exploration and discrimination index were significantly increased, the freezing time was shortened, the expression of p-NF-κB p65 and NLRP3 in the hippocampal tissue was down-regulated, the co-staining area of NLRP3 and Iba1 was decreased, the expression of PSD-95 and SYN was up-regulated, and the dendritic length and dendritic spine density of hippocampal neurons were increased in O+ E group ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in each parameter in O+ SE group ( P>0.05). Compared to O+ SE group, the percentage of novel object exploration and discrimination index were significantly increased, the freezing time was shortened, the expression of p-NF-κB p65 and NLRP3 in the hippocampal tissue was down-regulated, the co-staining area of NLRP3 and Iba1 was decreased, the expression of PSD-95 and SYN was up-regulated, and the dendritic length and dendritic spine density of hippocampal neurons were increased in O+ E group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism by which electroacupuncture attenuates postoperative cognitive dysfunction is associated with inhibition of activation of NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway in microglial cells and improvement in synaptic plasticity in aged mice.

Objective:To explore the application of microvascular flow imaging (MVFI) combined with high-frequency ultrasonography in children with haemophilic arthropathy A (HAA).Methods:Retrospective study.A total of 82 children diagnosed with HAA in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 2018 to October 2020 were recruited.The elbow, knee and ankle joints of each child were examined by high-frequency ultrasonography.The numbers of thickened synovial joints were recorded.Blood flow signals of the thickening of synovial joints was checked by the MVFI and power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS), respectively.Color flow signals were graded by the semi-quantitative scoring systems.The chi- square test and independent multi-group ordinal multi-category rank-sum test were used to compare the differences of MVFI and PDUS in the display of thickened synovial blood flow. Results:A total of 254 joints were involved in 82 children with HAA, including synovial hypertrophy in 188 joints, hydrops articuli in 146 joints, fibrotic septa in 66 joints, cartilage damage in 63 joints, haemosider indeposition in 45 joints, bone erosion in 25 joints, osteophytes in 15 joints and bone remodeling in 8 joints.Grade Ⅱ synovial thickened joints were the most common.The proportion of blood flow signals detected by PDUS in thickened synovial membranes was significantly higher than that detected MVFI (52.66% vs.70.21%, χ2=12.225, P<0.05). Numbers of grade 0 and Ⅰ joints with thickened synovial membranes detected by MVFI were less than those of PDUS, while the opposite result was obtained in detecting grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ joints ( H=21.158, P<0.05). Compared with PDUS, MVFI more sensitively visualized the blood flow of the thickened synovial membrane. Conclusions:MVFI can more prominently detect the thickened synovial blood flow in children with HAA.A combined application of MVFI and high-frequency ultrasonography contributes to the evaluation of children with HAA.

Objective:To construct a prognostic model for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) based on CT scores and inflammatory factors, and to evaluate its efficacy.Methods:128 patients with SAP diagnosed admitted to the First Hospital Affiliated to Hebei North College from March 2019 to December 2021 were enrolled and given Ulinastatin combined with continuous blood purification therapy. The levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukins (IL-6, IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and D-dimer were measured before and on the third day of treatment. An abdominal CT was performed on the third day of treatment to assess the modified CT severity index (MCTSI) and extra-pancreatic inflammatory CT score (EPIC). Patients were divided into the survival group ( n = 94) and the death group ( n = 34) according to the 28-day survival prognosis after admission. The risk factors for the SAP prognosis were analyzed using Logistic regression, which was then used to build nomogram regression models. The value of the model was evaluated using the concordance index (C-index), calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results:Before treatment, the levels of CRP, PCT, IL-6, IL-8 and D-dimer in the death group were higher than those in the survival group. After treatment, the levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in the death group were higher than those in the survival group. MCTSI and EPIC scores in the survival group were lower than those in the death group. Logistic regression analysis shows that, pre-treatment CRP > 140.70 mg/L, D-dimer > 2.00 mg/L, and post-treatment IL-6 > 31.28 ng/L, IL-8 > 31.04 ng/L, TNF-α > 31.04 ng/L, and MCTSI > 8 points were all independent risk factors for SAP prognosis [odds ratios ( OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were 8.939 (1.792-44.575), 6.369 (1.368-29.640), 8.546 (1.664-43.896), 5.239 (1.108-24.769), 4.808 (1.126-20.525), 18.569 (3.931-87.725), all P < 0.05]. Model 1 (consisting of pre-treatment CRP, D-dimer, and post-treatment IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) had a lower C-index than that model 2 (consisting of pre-treatment CRP, D-dimer, and post-treatment IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α, and MCTSI; 0.988 vs. 0.995). The mean absolute error (MAE) and mean square error (MSE) of model 1 (0.034, 0.003) were higher than those of model 2 (0.017, 0.001). When the threshold probability was in the range of 0-0.66 or 0.72-1.00, the net benefit of model 1 was lower than that of model 2. When the threshold probability was in the range of 0.66-0.72, the net benefit of model 1 was higher than that of model 2. In addition, model 2 had a higher C-index than acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ (APACHE Ⅱ) and bedside index of acute pancreatitis severity (BISAP, 0.995 vs. 0.833, 0.751). Model 2 had a lower MAE (0.017) and MSE (0.001) than APACHEⅡ (0.041, 0.002). Model 2 had a lower MAE than BISAP (0.025). Model 2 had a higher net benefit than both APACHEⅡ and BISAP. Conclusion:The prognostic assessment model of SAP consisting of pre-treatment CRP, D-dimer, and post-treatment IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α, and MCTSI has high discrimination, precision and clinical application value, and is superior to APACHEⅡ and BISAP.

Objective To provide reliable reference for improving teaching methods of case discus-sion, the teaching effectiveness evaluation on classroom-site segmented discussions of a patient case was completed in internal environment system. Methods The questionnaire survey was conducted among 250 clinic students of 8-year program and of 5-year program to investigate the teaching effectiveness following implementation of the teaching plan called"classroom-site segmented study of patient case debate competi-tion seminars". The contents of questionnaire survey included: the students' view on characteristics and advantages of this teaching plan and the reasons for favoring and supporting the plan. Investigation was conducted using an anonymous questionnaire. A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed and 247 valid questionnaires retrieved. Data collection and analysis were performed by using Excel and SPSS 17.0 statistical software, percentage of each observing parameter was calculated. Results ①The students' view on ad-vantages of the plan included following: reducing students' study burden by 78.5％ (194/247), increasing the students' engagement in class activities by 85.4％(211/247), improving teaching quality in class discus-sion by 80.5％ (198/246), enhancing team spirit among students by 78.5％ (194/246), expanding students' thinking and exploring space by 84.5％ (207/245), and similarity of this teaching plan to clinical diagnosis and treatment process reached to 84.0％(197/235). ②The students' reasons for favoring and supporting this plan included: reducing students' study burden by 83.4％ (206/247), improving teaching quality in class discussion by 72.4％(179/247), and training students' ability to search clinical information by 82.4％ (203/247). Conclusion Implementation of the teaching plan, "classroom-site segmented study of patient case debate competition seminars", in internal environment system has reduced students' study burden, improved teaching quality, and effectively trained students' clinic thinking, which is widely welcomed by students, therefore providing a positive valuable reference to other discussion class.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of joint application of carcinoembryionic and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 for improving the prognosis of patients with gallbladder cancer.Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical-pathological features and prognosis were conducted including 390 patients with gallbladder cancer,who were treated from January 2003 to December 2013 at Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital of Second Military Medical University.The clinical value of joint application of careinoembryionic and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in prognosis was explored.The survival of patients was followed up by telephone or outpatient.Continuous variables were indicated as median (average) and categorical variables were expressed as number(n).Mann-Whitney U test was applied for continuous variables.Categorical variables were compared by the Chi-square test or Fisher probability method.The survival curve was drawn by the Kaplan-Meier method.The univariate analysis and multivariate analysis of prognosis were respectively done using the Log-rank test and COX regression model.Results Of the 390 patients,327 had complete data.The median (range) follow-up time was 49 (1-123) months.Both carcinoembryionic and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 could be used to predict prognosis of gallbladder cancer.A linear combination of carcinoembryionic and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 was significantly better(0.9365) than carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (0.7619) as well as carcinoembryionic (0.7937) alone in term of specificity.Preoperative blood test carcinoembryionic and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 nature showed double-negative group had the best prognosis,with a median survival of 27.06 months,R0 radical rate was 86.1％.Doublepositive group had the worst prognosis,with a median survival of 6.17 months,R0 radical rate was 45.1％.Conclusions Combinations of pretherapeutic tumor makers carcinoembryionic and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 can improve the accuracy of predicting prognostic in patients with gallbladder cancer,and the clinical application is practical.