OBJECTIVE:To provide references and suggestions for the further development of pharmaceutical industry in Hangzhou city.METHODS:Using the classic normal form of SCP in the industry economics,i.e.market structure-the manufacturer behavior-market performance,a transverse and longitudinal comparative study was carried out on the market structure,the manufacturer behavior and the market performance of the Hangzhou's pharmaceutical industry between 2003 and 2006.RESULTS:Hangzhou's pharmaceutical industry was characterized by oligarch model in concentration degree,low differentiation in products;high barrier of entry and exit;low strength in advertisement,and rational in the merge and recombination.The manufacturers in this area attached increasingly importance to technological progress and the market performance was remarkable.CONCLUSIONS:Considering the status quo of Hangzhou's pharmaceutical industry,it is advisable for the manufacturers enlarge and strengthen their business,enhance its R&D investment and product differentiation,and stick to the market-oriented marketing concept.

Objective To establish an HPLC method to determine simultaneously the content of six water-soluble chemical constituents (danshensu,protocatechuic aldehyde,caffeic acid,rosmarinci acid,salvianolic acid B,and salvianolic acid A) in Xiangdan Injection,and to compare their content discrepancy of Xiangdan Injection from 20 manufacturers.Methods The HPLC method was established.The column was Alltima C18 (250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) at the gradient elution mode with the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,column temperature was kept at 25 ℃ and the detector was set at 288 nm.Results Six components were separated clearly.The relationship between the concentration and the peak areas of the six compounds was all linear.The precision,stability,repetition,and average recovery were complied with the limit.Significant difference was found in contents of six chemical constituents in Xiangdan Injections from different manufacturers that the variation of salvianolic acid A content was the most distinct and danshensu was the most quietly.Conclusion The method has been successfully used to quanlify the six compounds in Xiangdan Injection,and then,can offer the reference for the quality control of Xiangdan Injections roundly.

Objective To explore the epidemic trend of influenza and pandemic virus variation in Maanshan, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention of influenza. Methods The ILI data of monitor hospitals and some ILI nasopharyngeal specimens were collected, then influenza virus was isolated by MDCK cells, and influenza serotypes were identified by HI. Results 15 904 cases of ILI were reported from 2006 to 2007. The detectable rate of influenza like illness in outpatients was 6.63%. 2 656 nasopharyngeal specimens of ILI were collected, and 358 strains of influenza virus were isolated, with isolation rate of 13.48%, of which 142 were H1N1 subset influenza A virus, 49 were H3N2, 72 were Victoria subset influenza B virus, and 96 were Yamagata. Conclusions During 2006 and 2007 two peaks of influenza-like illness in outpatients was in winter-spring and summer seasons of each year. More attention meeds to be paid to the monitoring of influenza.

Distribution and morphologic features of AChE-containing neurons were observed by the technique of AChE regeneration. There are three kinds: AChE-staining cells--heavily stained cells, medium stained cells and lightly stained cells. Most heavily stained cells are larger multipolar cells. They are located mainly in striatum, basal forebrain, hypothalamus, substantia nigra, locus coeruleus, red nucleus, ventral tegmental nucleus, parabrachial nucleus, pontine tegmental nucleus and the motor nuclei of cranial nerves. The results of AChE-staining were compared with the date of ChAT immunohistochemistry. The relationship between AChE and cholinergic neurons as well as the nature of AChE-containing neurons were discussed.

Objective: To assess the immunological effects by orally administering chicken type Ⅱ collagen(CCⅡ) on collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)mice. To assess the effect on producing IL-1 of peritoneal macrophage in adjuvant arthritis rats by orally administering CCⅡ. Methods: Arthritis were induced in Kunming mice by immunization with chicken type Ⅱ collagen with Freund's complete adjuvant, followed by an interperitoneal injection of CCⅡ 3 weeks later.Chicken type Ⅱ collagen was orally administered from 5 days prior to the induction of arthritis to 14 days after inducing arthritis model. The animals were examined visually twice weekly for polyarthritic signs of swollen and erythemic limbs. Quantitation of antibody level of CIA mice was measured by ELISA method. Subpopulations of T lymphocytes in mice were evaluated by flow cytometry method. IL-1 assay was evaluated by ELISA method. Results: Joint swelling was significantly reduced at a dose of 5 μg.kg-1 and 50 μg.kg-1 of CCⅡ, but not at 250 μg.kg-1. The level of anti-collagen antibodies was also reduced at a dose of 5 μg.kg-1 and 50μg.kg-1 (OD value from CIA model control 0.242±0.073 to CCⅡ 5 μg.kg-1 0.123±0.029 and CCⅡ 50 μg.kg-1 0.110±0.075 respectively). Subpopulations of T-lymphocytes were changed by orally administering of CCⅡ, and the ratio of L3T4+/Lyt-2+ was lowered (the ratio from 1.71 of CIA model control to 1.21, 1.51 of administered CⅡ 5 μg.kg-1, 50μg.kg-1 respectively.) after administering CCⅡ. IL-1 level can be reduced (the value from adjuvant arthritis model control 62.8±0.9 to 43.4±1.3, 49.7±0 ng.L-1 administered CⅡ 5 μg.kg-1, 50μg.kg-1 respectively). Conclusion: Arthritis sign in CIA animal model can be suppressed by oral CCⅡ. The effects may be involved by influencing the mechanisms both humoral and cellular immunity. The effects occurred at lower doses of CCⅡ. These results demonstrated the biologic relevance of by-stander suppression associated with oral tolerance, and the potential use of this approach to treat human inflammatory joint diseases.

Objective:To establish the quality standard for Yunüjian granules. Methods:Rehmannia glutinosa, rhizoma anemar-rhenae and achyranthes in the granules were identified by TLC. The HPLC method was adopted. A SunfireTM C18 column (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm) was used with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0. 1% acetic acid solution(16∶84) at the column tempera-ture of 30 ℃. The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 ,the detection wavelength was 334nm, and the imjection volume was 10 μl. Results:The TLC spots of verbascoside, and sarsasapogenin in rhizoma anemarrhenae and cyasterone in achyranthes were quite clear with good seperation. The linear range of verbascoside was within the range of 0.163-0.612 μg(r=0.999 9), and the average recovery was 101. 3%(RSD=2. 7%,n=6). Conclusion:The method is simple, reliable and accurate, and can be applied in the quality control of Ynnüjian granules.

Objective: To observe the relieving cough and reducing sputum effects of total alkaloid in Atalantia buxifolia and evaluate the safety preliminarily.Methods: The relieving cough and reducing sputum effects of total alkaloid in Atalantia buxifolia were studied by the cough model caused by the irritation of ammonia water and the phenol red output of trachea in mice.The acute toxicity test and maximum tolerance test were carried out to evaluate the safety.Results: The total alkaloid in Atalantia buxifolia at low dose could obviously prolong cough incubation period and decrease cough times in mice, and that at high dose could significantly increase the secretion of phenol red in respiratory tract, and compared with those in the blank group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).In the acute toxicity test, no death showed after the administration with maximum tolerance dosage, and the rate of weight growth had no difference between the blank group and the model group (P>0.05).Conclusion: The relieving cough and reducing sputum effects of total alkaloid in Atalantia buxifolia are notable in the cough model caused by the irritation of ammonia water and the phenol red output of trachea in mice.The maximum tolerable dose test shows the total alkaloid in Atalantia buxifolia is safe.

Objective To summarize the therapeutic results and experience of the interventional managements for pseudoaneurysms occurred after surgery. Methods Five pseudoaneurysms with different location that occurred after surgery in five patients were treated with different interventional managements. One patient suffered from a ruptured pseudoaneurysm of left common iliac artery, which was treated by obstructing the diseased artery with balloon via the abdominal aorta followed by the replacement of vascular prostheses. One patient had a pseudoaneurysm of right subclavian artery and endovascular covered stent was employed to isolate it. The remaining three patients were affected by pseudoaneurysm of terminal arteries and intraarterial embolization with gelfoam and/or steel coils was camed out. Results Complete closing of the pseudoaneurysm was obtained in all five patients and no therapy-related complications occurred. Conclusion Pseudoaneurysms occurred after surgery can be effectively treated with different interventional managements, it is worth popularizing this technique in clinical practice.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effcacy with CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation(RFA)for the liver tumor.Methods 60 cases of patients with a total of 73 lesions were treated with radio-frequency ablation.The diameter of the lesions was 1.4～7.0cm.with a mean diameter of 4.2cm.The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated with enhanced CT scanning and AFP.Results 45 patients of 60 cases with lesions were full damaged,no blood flow Was found on enhanced CT scans.39 patients with significantly increased blood-AFP before treatment were decreased significantly after treatment,Complications occured in 11 patients,including refractory hiccup (n=2),epidermal scald(n=3),intrahepatic hemorrhage(n=2)and hepatic abscess(n=1).Conclusion The radiofrequency ablation was simple and effective treatment of liver tumor.The effect could be similar to that of surgical resection.