Objective To investigate the effect of Hupo Xiaoshi granules on renal tissue pathological changes and IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in blood of nephrolith model rats. Methods Sixty SD rats were divided into normal control group 10 rats with purified water by intragastric administration(IG),and model group 50 rats with ethylene glycol, calcium and vitamin D3 by IG for 4 weeks to get kidney stones animal models. The successful model rats were randomly divided into model control group, potassium citrate solution group, Hupo Xiaoshi granules low, middle and high dose group (3. 335,6. 670,13. 340 g ? kg-1 , respectively), 10 rats per group with the corresponding drugs. Four weeks later, rat's renal tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, renal tissue changes of calcium stones and pathology were observed.Plasma concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 were detected by ELISA. Results Compared with the model control group, no renal interstitial hemorrhage and a few or no visible renal tissue calcium crystal deposition in the low, middle and high dose Hupo Xiaoshi granules group. In the normal control group, model control group, potassium citrate solution group, and low, middle and high dose Hupo Xiaoshi granules group,the plasma concentrations of IL-1β were respectively(50.50±13.54),(104.00±24.13),(93.00±20.08),(77.00± 25.21),(71.30 ±26.60),(65.50±26.18) pg?mL-1 ,respectively;those of IL-6 were(570.10±119.74),(1 040.00±260.15), (861.40±130.04),(740.00± 161. 31),(680. 00 ± 239. 49),(640. 00 ± 238. 42) pg?mL-1 ,respectively;and TNF-α plasma concentrations were(470.30± 154. 63),(1 010. 00 ± 230. 94),(820. 00 ± 192. 12),(830. 50 ± 110. 01),(720. 00 ± 140. 28), (715.00±173.54) pg?mL-1 ,respectively. Compared with the model control group, the plasma concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 , TNF-α of the low, middle and high dose Hupo Xiaoshi granules group were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion Hupo Xiaoshi granules can inhibit renal tissue pathological changes of nephrolith model rats, inhibit calcium crystals stones deposition in renal tissue, and reduce blood levels of inflammatory cytokines.

Isopinosine (ISO, 25?100 mg/kg?d-1ip for 4 or 5d) significantly increased the production of serum hemolysin-and spleen plaque forming cell ( PFC) in normal mice immunized with SRBC. The same result was observed in immunosuppressive mice induced by cy clophospha-mide. In 16 month aged mice, ISO (ip for 5 d) showed potentiating effect on anti-SRBC PFC response at the dose of 2 .5 mg/kg, no significant effect at the dose of 5 .0 mg/kg, and inhibiting effect at the dose of 25 and 100 mg/kg respectively. 1SO(25,50 and 100 mg/kg?d-1 ip for 9 or 10 d ) remarkably enhanced delayed cutaneous hypersensiti-vity (DCH) to 2, 4 -dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in normal mice as well as in immunosuppressive mice induced by cyclophospha-mide. ISO (5, 10 and 20 mg/L ) signficantly increased ConA-induced lymphocyte proliferation of spleen cells from C57BL/6J mice in vitro. There was also potentiating effect on lymphocyte proliferation induced by ConA in 16 month aged mice.

Objective To compare the morphological differences in soleus between tail-suspended and 30-month-old rats.Methods Fourty-two male rats were randomly divided into seven groups:5 d,7 d and 14 d tail-suspended and their synchronous control groups,30-month-old group.The cross-sectional area(CSA)and percentage of MHC Ⅰ/Ⅱ fibers were measured in immunohistochemically stained sections and CSA was normalized by body weight.Results Wet weight,relative wet weight,CSA and normalized CSA in unloaded soleus decreased significantly as compared with the synchronous control.The percentage of MHC Ⅰ fibers decreased,but that of MHC Ⅱ fibers increased in unloaded soleus.The wet weight and CSA of soleus in 30-month-old rats increased,but the relative wet weight and normalized CSA reduced significantly as compared with 14-day synchronous control.The relative wet weight and normalized CSA of soleus in 30-month-old rat were similar to that of 14 d tail-suspended group.The percentage of MHC Ⅰ/Ⅱ fibers of soleus in 30-month-old rat and in 5 d,7 d,and 14 d of synchronous control groups kept constant value.Conclusion It's suggested that the atrophic process of soleus is slower in 30-month-old rats than that in the tail-suspended rates.The reduction of soleus relative wet weight and normalized CSA appears early in aged rats,but the absolute and relative wet weight of soleus decrease simultaneously in tail-suspended rats.

Objective:To explore the rules of acupoint sticking therapy based on data mining technology for the treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart diseases, and to provide a reference for guiding acupoint selection and rational use of Chinese medicine.Methods:To search for the clinical research literature of acupoints for the treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart diseases from China Academic Journal Database (Wanfang Data), China National Knowledge Resources Database (CNKI), China biomedical literature service system (SinoMed) and Chinese science and technology journal database (Chongqing VIP) dated from January 31, 2020. Using Microsoft Excel 2016, SPSS Statistics 21.0, and SPSS Modeler 14.2 statistical software as tools to conduct association analysis and cluster analysis on those acupoints and Chinese medicine.Results:A total of 102 acupoints application prescriptions were included, involving 38 acupoints. The top 5 frequently used acupoints were Danzhong (RN17), Neiguan (PC6), Xinshu (BL15), Zusanli (ST36), and Zhiyang (DU9). The top 5 acupuncture were Neiguan (PC6)- Sanyinjiao (SP6), Xinshu (BL15)- Geshu (BL17), Danzhong (RN17)- Geshu (BL17), Danzhong (RN17)- Jueyinshu (BL14), Danzhong (RN17)- Geshu (BL17) and Xinshu (BL15). There are 102 prescriptions of applied medicines with 88 kinds of Chinese medicine. The top 5 frequently used Chinese medicines were Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Borneolum Syntheticum, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Olibanum, Santali Albi Lignum, the top three drug pairs were Chuanxiong Rhizoma- Cinnamomi Cortex, Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus- Trichosanthis Fructus, Olibanum- Myrrha. Conclusion:The commonly used single points to treat angina pectoris of coronary heart disease are Danzhong, and usually combined with Neiguan and Xinshu, and the acupoints along the Urinary Bladder Meridian of Foot- Taiyang are used frequently; the Chinese medicines are mainly used for activating blood circulation, genenrally reflects the therapeutic principle of removing blood stasis, dredging collaterals and relieving pain.

Objective To explore the variation of E-index and M-index of rabbits with acute pulmonary embolism (APE) under the status of pulmonary hypertension (PHT). Methods Rabbit models of APE with PHT were established. A series of parameters [including peak early diastolic mitral inflow velocity (EM), peak late diastolic mitral inflow velocity (AM) and so on] were obtained with routine echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI);and then E-index, M-index were calculated. The parameters before and after APE were compared. Results Twenty-three rabbit models with APE were successfully established, but 3 with atrial fibrillation were excluded. After APE, pulmonary artery pressure increased significantly, EM decreased observably, whereas right ventricular myocardial performance index (RVMPI) increased more evidently than left ventricular myocardial performance index (LVMPI) (P<0.01) did and E-index decreased and M-index increased remarkably. Conclusion Changes of E-index and M-index may provide reference for quantitative assessment of early APE.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinicopathological significance of metastasis-associated 1 (MTA1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) in a gastric adenocarcinoma.Methods The expressions of MTA1, MMP-9, and VEGF-C were detected with immunohistochemical method in 120 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma tissues and 30 cases of normal gastric tissues.Results The positive percentage of MTA1, MMP-9, and VEGF-C proteins in gastric adenocarcinomas was 76.7％ , 71.7％ , and 64.2％ , respectively, which was significantly higher than that (33.3％, 36.7％, and 30.0％) in normal gastric mucosa tissues (P ＜0.05).The expressions of MTA1, MMP-9, and VEGF-C were significantly higher in gastric carcinoma invasion serous membrane, lymph node metastasis, clinical Ⅲ ～ than that in non-invasion serous membrane, non-lymph node metastasis, and clinical Ⅰ ～ Ⅱ (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of MTA1 had significantly positive correlation with that of MMP-9 (P ＜ 0.05) and VEGF-C (P ＜ 0.05) in gastric adenocarcinomas.Conclusions The expressions of MTA1, MMP-9, and VEGF-C were higher in gastric adenocarcinomas than normal gastric mucosa tissues.They may play an important role in the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinomas.MTA1 may promote infiltration, invasion, and lymph node metastasis of gastric carcinoma through regulation of the expressions of MMP-9 and VEGF-C.The combined detection of MTA1, MMP-9, and VEGF-C expressions has important value to judge the grade malignance of gastric adenocarcinomas.

Abstract： Arsenic and arsenic compounds have been listed as one of the toxic and harmful environment pollutants, and drinking, seafood intake, use of skincare products and inhalation of tobacco smoke are main routes of exposure to human arsenic exposure. The adverse effects of arsenic on pregnant outcomes have been paid much attention. Prenatal exposure to high-level arsenic has been found to increase the risk of spontaneous abortion among pregnant women. Based on national and international epidemiological studies on the correlation between arsenic exposure and spontaneous abortion during the period between 1992 and 2020, we review the association between arsenic exposure and spontaneous abortion and describe the mechanisms underlying spontaneous abortion caused by arsenic exposure, so as to provide insights into early prevention of spontaneous abortion.

Objective To observe the biomechanieal properties of tendons repaired by five suture techniques in different stage of healing process.Methods After establishing the zone Ⅱ FDP transection model in 2nd,3rd,4th too of both feet in female fowls,the ruptured tendons were repaired with Modified Kessler ( M K ),Kessler plus running ( K +R ),double-strand Kessler ( DK ),double loop (DT) and modified double loop (MT) methods,respectively.Passive and active mobilizations were applied on the 3rd day and 21st day postoperatively.Animals were executed postoperatively,on the 14th,21st and 35th days,respectively and both feet were harvested for biomechanical test.Results Anatomical findings included: The breakage incidence of K+R group was smaller than that of MK group.The excellent and good results of K+R and DK groups were higher compared with that of MK group.Biomechanical results showed: The MK group had the poorest biomechanical results in every stage of tendon healing (P＜0.05) except that the results from MK group on the 35th showed no statistical difference compared with that of MT and DT in extreme load;K+R group exbited the greatest extreme load and tensile strength (P＜0.05);Biomechanical test results from all groups showed significant differences on different testing point: 35th day＞21st day＞14th day(P＜0.05 );No significant differences were found in all groups between the immediate postoperative results onlst day and that from 14th day.ConclusionDuring the recovery of tendon,biomechanical properties returned to the immediate postoperative level on the 14th day and increased along with time.K+R group shows the superiority to the other methods in biomechanical properties as well as low breaking incidence ratein every stage of tendon healing.Kessler plus running is an effective method with high strength against breakage and great resistance to adhesion formation.

Objective To build a three-dimension finite-element model of patella and to make a preliminary mechanics analysis on the model.Methods According to the model-building principle of Ansys software which started from point to line to area to volume,a three-dimension finite-element patella model was reconstructed on the basis of the images of spiral CT.Then,loading on the model patella were simulated and the stress magnitude and distribution on the patella were analyzed.Results Finite element analysis of the patella showed that stress concentration zone located in the middle and lower patella,indicating that fracturepredilectionsitesinthelower patellar.TheVon misesstresson thetensionsidewas significantly greater than that on pressure side.Conclusion The established finite element model of the patella can reflect the real geometry of patella treated in clinics.

Objective To investigate the biomechanical properties of principal tensile trabecular bone in proximal femur and provide experimental evidences explaining the osteonecrosis of femoral head resulting from femoral neck fracture.Methods Eight human cadaveric femurs,with no deformities,fractures,and other lesions,were selected.The principal tensile trabecular bone system was devided into three parts from the exterior to the interior.Specimens were taken in each part along or perpendicular to the direction of principal tensile trabecular,respectively.Mechanics tests were performed by BOSE Enduratec ELF 3200.The ultimate tensile and compressive strength,yield tensile and compressive strength and elastic modulus of principal tensile trabecular bone in proximal femur were obtained.Results The tensile properties were higher than compressive properties in exterior parts,especially the tensile biomechanical properties along the direction of principal tensile were significantly higher than the compressive biomechanical properties in that direction.In the meddle part,the compressive properties were higher than the tensile properties both along the directions of principal compression and principal tension.In the interior part,the compressive properties were higher than the tensile properties along the direction of principal compressive trabecular bones,the tensile properties were higher than the compressive properties along the direction of principal tensile trabecular bone.Conclusion The major function of exterior part of principal tensile trabecular bone is loading tensile stress,that of the middle part is loading compressive stress,and that of the interior part is loading compressive stress along the direction of principal compression,while the major function along the direction of principal tensile trabecular bone is loading tensile stress,which indicate that the structure of trabecular bone is anisotropic and adapted to its function.